Fusarium Venenatum (NLU)

Báo cáo môn sinh học vi sinh

NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY

FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

FUSARIUM

VENENATUM

Lecturers: PhD Biện Thị Lan Thanh Group 3

MEMBERS LIST GROUP

3

Nguyễn Lan Anh

21126009

Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh

21126014

Đỗ Ngọc Bảo Chân

21126287

Huỳnh Thị Diệu

21126032

Phạm Thị Mỹ Hạnh

21126054

Lâm Ngọc Lan

21126092

Lê Hoàng Phúc

21126162

Thạch Vinh

21126259

Nguyễn Minh Đức

21126305

Phan Minh Ngọc

21126426

2

TOPIC OUTLINE

I

Characteristic sII Life cycle

III Application of Fusarium venenatum

IV Mycoprotein

V Harms of the fungus Fusarium venenatum

3

I Characteristics

- Scientific classification:

Kingdom: Fungi

Division: Ascomycota

Class: Sordariomycetes

Order: Hypocreales

Family: Nectriaceae

Genus: Fusarium

Species: F venenatum

4

I

Characteristics

- Fusarium venenatum is a microfungus of the genus

Fusarium that has a high protein content.

- It contains dietary fibre in the form of β-1,3 and -1,6

glucans and chitin, which may also act as a prebiotic

- The mycelial hyphae measure 400–700 μm×3–5 μm in m×3–5 μm×3–5 μm in m in diameter and this high length: Diameter ratio means

that they are similar in morphology to animal muscle

cells The hyphae are mixed with egg albumin or milk protein binder, vegetable fat, flavourings and

colourants, in a ratio of ≈90%, hyphae:10% added

ingredients, and formed into the required shape

5

I

Characteristics

- Description and Significance:

- Fusarium venenatum is a filamentous, soil-dwelling,

non-pathogenic fungi that are widespread in soils across the globe.

- It is most well-known and studied as the fungus used as mycoprotein in the production of the food product known

as Quorn.

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I

Characteristics

- Genome Structure:

+ F venenatum has a genome of 38,660,329 bp in

length, which is assembled into four chromosomes

Current research leaves 37 gaps within the genome

The fungus' average gene length is 1388 bp, and the

average centromere length of the species is 45 kbp.

+ DNA sequencing has definitively distinguished F

venenatum from the pathogenic F graminearum

through the presence of three genes in F venenatum

that are not found in F graminearum a transcription

factor a cholinesterase, and a negative transcriptional

regulator.

7

Fusarium graminearum on potato dextrose agar

(PDA) and macroconidia.

II Life Cycle

- When grown in culture, F venenatum produces

multinucleate, multi-septate, banana-shaped spores known as macroconidia

- The generalized life cycle of Fusarium spp has both

sexual and asexual phases, both of which produce

haploid mycelium

- Metabolism:

Due to the fungus' metabolic processes and its ability

to adapt to the large-scale fermentation processes

necessary for its production as a food product

8

III Application of Fusarium

venenatum

- The mycelium of the Fusarium venenatum line is used for

the industrial production of proteins for the textile industry

- The mold proteins from single-celled organisms are

utilized to make synthetic meat using the fungus Fusarium

venenatum (products containing mushroom-derived

proteins also known as mycoproteins)

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Mycoprotein

Quorn

IV Mycoprotein

- Fusarium venenatum for mycoprotein production is grown under strictly defined

conditions, with temperature, pH, nutrient concentration, dissolved oxygen, and growth rate all maintained constant

- Mycoprotein has a good nutritional profile and is high in protein, and dietary fiber, and low in fat Specifically, it contains 11% protein, 3% carbohydrate, and 3% fat

Mycoprotein has a full complement of essential amino acids

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IV Mycoprotein

- The production process mycoprotein from F venenatum A3/5 is produced in

150,000 pressure cycle reactors in a continuous flow process

- Both temperature (28–30°C) and pH (6.0) are controlled Under these conditions, F

venenatum A3/5 has a specific growth rate of 0.17–0.20 h–1, and 300–350 kg

biomass/h can be produced

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IV Mycoprotein

1 Sterile water, carbohydrates (as syrup or molasses), and

nutrients are pumped into the bottom of the bioreactor.

2 Sterile oxygen (as air) and a nitrogen source (ammonia) is bubbled into the bottom of the bioreactor.

3 The aerated mixture rises due to its lower average density.

4 Metabolic heat is removed using cooling water coils.

5 Waste carbon dioxide and gases are vented at the top of the bioreactor.

6 The culture broth, now with a comparatively higher average density, drops into the downcomer.

7 A portion of the biomass is harvested and the remainder

returns to the bottom of the bioreactor to repeat the cycle.

12

IV Mycoprotein

- The F venenatum biomass has a nucleic acid content of around 8-9% w/w dry basis which is too

high for human consumption To solve this problem, the biomass is heated to 68°C for 15+

minutes, and endogenous RNases break down cellular RNA into 5’-ribonucleotides, which diffuse out of the cell This heating process causes some components of the hyphae to leak out into the surroundings and up 30% of the biomass is also lost in the process.

- Over the next five weeks, more sterile glucose ammonia gas and oxygen from the air are added

to provide the fungus with the right conditions to grow

- The fungus grows rapidly doubling its biomass every five hours

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- Growing a continuous culture over an extended period presents an interesting issue: Over time, the fungi are susceptible to mutations

Like clockwork, a highly branched mutant of F venenatum will appear

after around 100 generations of growth The branched mutant grows better than the parent strain in the continuous culture, and will

eventually replace it

- And so, at around 1000h (6 weeks) of operation, the reactor is shut down to be re-seeded with a new culture

IV Mycoprotein

15

V Harms of the fungus Fusarium venenatum

Field experiments were established in the 2018/19 and

2019/20 growing seasons at the experimental station

in Neu-Eichenberg, Hessen, Germany to examine the

suitability of multiple wheat cultivars for intercropping

with peas and the effect of mixtures on diseases

Results from field and greenhouse inoculation

experiments indicate that F venenatum may be an

important pathogen of wheat in Germany

16

F venenatum causing foot and root rot of wheat in

Germany.

- Mushroom spores formed in large quantities will cause health problems

such as allergies, and respiratory diseases with symptoms of steam, itching, headache, fatigue, joint pain, gizzard jute, cough, asthma, nausea, etc

- Exposure to mycotoxin poison with high concentrations can be caused

neurological problems, even death

V Harms of the fungus Fusarium

venenatum

17

WORK ASSIGNMENT

GROUP 3

Nguyễn Lan Anh

21126009

Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh

21126014

Đỗ Ngọc Bảo Chân

21126287

Huỳnh Thị Diệu

21126032

Phạm Thị Mỹ Hạnh

21126054

Lâm Ngọc Lan

21126092

Lê Hoàng Phúc

21126162

Thạch Vinh

21126259

Nguyễn Minh Đức

21126305

Phan Minh Ngọc

21126426

18

Making powerpoint Do the compilation, team

leader

Do part I Do part II

Do part III

Do part IV Report section Do part V

Do part V Report section

1 Fellows, P J (2017) Food biotechnology In Food Processing Technology (pp 387–430) Elsevier Retrieved from

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100522-4.00006-7

2 Berka, Randy M., Nelson, Beth A., Zaretsky, Elizabeth J., Yoder, Wendy T., and Rey, Michael W "Genomics of Fusarium venenatum: An Alternative Fungal Host for

Making Enzymes" Applied Mycology and Biotechnology Volume 4, 2004, p 191-203.

3 Dweba, C.C., Figlan, S., Shimeilis, H.A., Montaung, T.E., Sydenham, S., Mwadzingeni, L., and Tsilo, T.J "Fusarium head blight of wheat: Pathogenesis and control

strategies" Crop Protection 2017 Volume 91 p 114-122.

4 Finnigan, T., Needham, L and Abbott, C "Mycoprotein: A Healthy New Protein With a Low Environmental Impact." Sustainable Protein Sources 2017 p 305-325.

5 King, R., Brown, Neil Andrew, Urban, Martin and Hammond-Kosack, Kim E "Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely

related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum" BMC Genomics (2018) 19:269.

6 O’Donnell, K., Cigelnik, E and Casper, H H "Molecular Phylogenetic, Morphological, and Mycotoxin Data Support Reidentification of the Quorn Mycoprotein

Fungus as Fusarium venenatum" Fungal Genetics and Biology (1998) 23, 57–67.

7 Trinci, Anthony P J "Evolution of the Quorn myco-protein fungus, Fusarium graminearum A3/5" Microbiology 1994 Volume 140 p 2181-2188.

8 Wiebe, M "Myco-protein from Fusarium venenatum: a well-established product for human consumption" Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 58: 421.

9 Rigorth, K S., Finckh, M., & Šišić, A (2021) First Report of Fusarium venenatum causing foot and root rot of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Germany Plant disease,

10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2202-PDN Advance online publication https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2202-PDN

10 https://cafef.vn/sinh-vat-chang-ai-nghi-den-nay-co-the-chinh-la-sieu-anh-hung-giai-cuu-the-gioi-trong-tuong-lai-20200608144434839.chn

11 https://suckhoecong.vn/mycoprotein-protein-tu-nam-giup-tang-cuong-co-bap-hieu-qua-d66338.html

12 https://wiki.ubc.ca/Course:FNH200/2011w_Team05_Mycoprotein#cite_note-mycoprotein-1

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