Hieu trudng Trudng Cao dang Y Thanh Hoa Nhufng nam gan day, tren thj trudng xua't hien nhiiu san pha'm ggi la thuc pha'm chUc nang.. Nhat Ban la nudc da thUa nhan sU cd mat cua TPCN, ch
Trang 1NGHIEN cuu - TRAO OOl
THtfC PHAM CHUC NANG
VCl (SOC KHOE CON NGUOl
Cao Van Mqnh
p Hieu trudng Trudng Cao dang Y Thanh Hoa
Nhufng nam gan day, tren thj trudng xua't
hien nhiiu san pha'm ggi la thuc pha'm
chUc nang Nhieu ngudi tieu dung mud'n
suf dung san pham nay nham bdi dudng, tang
cudng sUc khoe, nhung v i n cdn nhieu ban
khdan De giup ngUdi tieu dung, ban dgc cc
them thdng tin v i Idai san pham hang hda nay,
bai viit xin dugc d i cap mdt sd npi dung sau:
Thuc pham chuc nang la gi ?
Tren The gidi, cd nhiiu khai niem lien quan
den van d i thuc pha'm chUc nang (TPCN)
Nam 1980, Tiin sTY khoa Stephen DeFelice
-ngudi sang lap ra "Quy Cai t i i n Y hpc" dua ra
thuat nguf "Duge pha'm dinh dudng"
(Nutraeeuticals) vdi y nghTa la loai thuc pham
cd lgi cho sUc khde - y t i bang each bd sung
nhufng heat chat hay thanh phan thien nhien
dem lai sUc khde hoac tang cudng sUc khce
cho Cd the cen ngudi Nhat Ban la nudc da
thUa nhan sU cd mat cua TPCN, cho rang dd la
nhufng thUc an cd lgi cho sUc khde ngudi tieu
dung de ngan ngUa hay chd'ng lai mdt chCrng
benh nae dd, ddng thdi cho phep nha san xua't
thuc pham gpi san pham eua minh la "Thuc
pha'm sUc khde" (Kenkoshokuhin) va duac xem
la mdt san pham thUe an ho trg, Mdt sd nudc
Tay Au ggi day la "Thue pham bd sung dinh
dudng" (food suplement) Cdn Trung Qud'c ggi
la "Thuc pham bd dudng bac ve sUc khoe"
Cac loai thuc pha'm nay nam d ranh gidi giufa
thUc an va thud'c chua benh
Theo djnh nghTa cua Bd Y te, TPCN
(nutraeeuticals, alicaments hay functional
foods) la thuc pham dung de ho trg chUc nang
cua cac bd phan trdng cd the ngUdi, cc tae
dung dinh dUdng, tad chd cd the tinh trang thdai
mai, tang sUc d i khang va giam bdt nguy cd
gay benh
Thub pham chuc nang tren thj trucfng The gidi:
TU nam 1930, Nhat Ban da tung ra thi trudng cac san pham TPCN, va den giua thap
ky 1980 da trd thanh mgt trdng,nhufng nudc san xua't va tieu thu cac san pham TPCN cao tren
t h i gidi Nhat Ban cung da cd qui che v i TPCN dudi ten gpi Thuc pham dac biet cho sUc khde (FOSHU) vao nam 1991, nham lam rd pham tru
"chUe nang" cuia thuc pham che biin, ddng thdi ngan chan nan quang cao tran lan, lam sai lech nhan thUc cua ngudi tieu dung TPCN cung
dupe tieu thu nhiiu b Hea Ky va eac nUdc EU
(Nam 2003, hdn 90% san lugng TPCN tren t h i gidi dupc tieu thu tai Nhat (25%), Hoa Ky (35%)
va cac nude EU (32%)
Nhung nam gan day, thj trudng TPCN cd budc phat trien dot pha nhd cdng nghe sinh hpc phat triin va cac dac diem thUPng mai toan cau Ben canh cac nude nhu Hoa Ky, Nhat, EU, thj trudng cua nhufng nude dang phat trien cung bat dau tang, dac biet la Trung Qud'c, Nga va Brazil
la cd bieu hien thay ddi rd ret
Ngay nay, ngUdi Nhat chi ehe TPCN la 126
dd la/ngUdi/nam, trdng khi Hda Ky la 67,9 dd la,
EU la 51,2 dd la va khdang 3,20 dd la dd'i vdi cac nudc chau A khac
Thuc pham chub nang a Viet Nam:
TU lau, cha dng ta da cd nhieu kinh nghiem suf dung thuc pham thee chUe nang Vf du che
do an kieng: Ngudi cd benh dj ufng thi khdng nen
an thit ga, ca chep; ngUdi de, ngUdi cam ban
d i u cd nhung che dd an kieng phu hdp Nhufng tap quan dd thuc chat la kinh nghiem suf dung thuc pham thee chUc nang
Nhung nam 60 eua t h i ky trudc, Khea hgc dinh dudng cung da nghien cCfu va phan leai thuc pha'm thanh eac nhdm thUc an kiim, a xi't
Trang 2NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOl
de k h u y i n nghj cho benh nhan d i phdng eac
leai benh phat sinh cac loai sdi trong cd the (sdi
than, sdi mat); viec k h u y i n nghj ngUdi dan suf
dung mudi an trdn i d't thay che mudi tinh la mdt
cudc van dpng Idn v i suf dung thuc pham chUe
nang Gan day, van d i TPCN dupc quan tam
dac biet ke ca tU phia ngudi tieu dung, ngUdi
cung cap va nha quan ly, vdi mgt sd dac diem:
- V i quan ly nha nudc, chu y i u mdi chi
dCfng d khau cap phep san xua't, luu thdng; cac
djnh c h i quan ly vi lgi ich cua ngudi tieu dung
cdn han c h i
- TU phia nha san xua't va cung Cfng: dang
cdn mang tinh t u phat, chua cd nhirng tap dean
Idn dupc djnh hudng phat trien bPi mdt tu duy
khda hgc va cd trach nhiem; cac nha san xua't
nude ngeai c h i i m thj phan chu y i u
- V i phia ngUdi tieu dung cdn rat mdi me,
da so' ngUdi suf dung vi ky vgng vad tae dung
dugc quang cao, mgt s d khdng phan biet dupc
thudc vdi TPCN
Xu hudng cua t h i gidi hien dai va nhufng lo
ngai xung quanh van d i TPCN:
Theo du bao cua n h i i u chuyen gia, thUc an
cua con ngudi trong the ky XXI la TPCN ThUc
an khdng chi bao dam du calo, ngon, sach, ma
cdn phai chUa cac boat chat sinh hpc tu nhien
can cho sUc khoe va sac dep Nd khdng chi d i i u
khien dupe cac boat dgng chUe nang cua tCrng
bg phan trong ed the, tad che con ngUdi kha
nang m i i n djch cao, chd'ng sU lao boa, tang tudi thg, ma cdn giup con ngudi phdng chd'ng dugc mdt sd benh, k i ca ung thU.Thi gidi hien dai dang cd xu hudng quay ve vdi cac hgp chat thien nhien cd trong dgng vat va cay cd, khai thac kinh nghiem y hgc cd t r u y i n va n i n van minh am thuc cua cac dan tdc phUdng Ddng Cac nudc phat trien cd xu hudng Ua chudng cac TPCN hdn la dung thudc, theo quan diem la
"phdng benh hdn chufa b e n h " Chinh vi vay, cac tap dean san xua't thud'c dang cd xu hudng chuyen sang san xua't TPCN Theo tinh toan cua cac chuyen gia kinh t i , ngay nay doanh thu hang nam tU eac leai TPCN tren The gidi da vugt ccn
so 100 ty USD Cae nudc trong khu vUc, viec Cfng dung CNSH trong san xua't thud'c va TPCN dang dugc quan tam dac biet Malaysia da xay dung Vien Cdng nghe sinh hpc Dugc pham nam trong
"Thung lung Cdng nghe sinh hge - Bio Valley"; Trung Qud'c xay dung "Thung lung thud'c" Idn nhat t h i gidi de san xua't dugc pham va la nUde
cd n h i i u thanh cdng trdng viec nang cap cdng nghe y dugc cd t r u y i n thanh cdng nghe cac Tuy nhien, cung cd nhufng ban khoan v i xu hudng lam dung va nhufng hau qua khdng ludng trude t U T P C N Met s d nha khoa hpc va td chUc
v i mdi trudng (nhu Green Peace - td chUc Hda
binh xanh b chau Au) td y Id ngai viec thay ddi
Gen di t r u y i n tao ra mpt so gid'ng cay trdng mdi nhu: dau nanh, bap, khoai tay tuy cd sUe de
khang sau benh, cho nang suat cao, nhumg lieu cd an toan che ccn ngudi khi tiep nhan thUe an b i i n ddi Gen hay khdng ? anh hudng len di truyen eua leal ngudi va he sinh thai nhu t h i nad ? Day la nhung nghi van ma cac nha san xua't san pham ndng nghiep b i i n ddi Gen chua giai dap ndi, nhung van dua san pham cua minh ra thj trudng ac at, vdi nhumg nhan hieu de lam ngUdi tieu dung lea mat" nhU: "Ca chua chd'ng ung thuf", "Ngd (bap) giau Vitamin E", hay "Dau nanh cd chat beo khdng bad hda cd dp dinh dudng cao", hoac "Gao giau Vitamin A".,
(Hien nay, b Hoa Ky hdn 7 0 % san
pha'm ndng nghiep la san pha'm
(Anh minh hoa) (Xem tiep trang 28)
Trang 3KET QUA HOAT DONG KH&CN
sdm ung thu dUdng sinh san, dac biet la ung thu
CTC ddi vdi phu nCf trong tinh, can thUc hien
cac ndi dung:
- Tuyen truyen rdng rai de mpi ngUdi dan
trong tinh thay dupc vai trd quan trpng trong
cdng tac dU phdng dieu tri sdm ung thu dUdng
sinh san ndi chung va ung thU CTC ndi rieng
ddi vdi sue khoe sinh san cua phu nU,
- Cd c h i dp kham dinh ky sUc khdi sinh
san ddi vdi phu nu thudc lua tudi sinh de Day
la npi dung can dUdc xem nhU la mpt che dp bit
budc, ddi hdi khdng chi ddi vdi ngUdi phu nU
can phai vupt qua rad can tam ly: ngai d i n cac
cd sd y t i lien quan d i n sUc khoe sinh s i n , ma rat can dupc sU quan tam, ddng vien chia se cua ccng ddng, dac biet la cua gidi "may rau",
- Nha nUdc can cd chfnh sach hd trd ddi vdi hdat ddng tam sdat, chan ddan sdm ung thu CTC chd phu nU trdng tinh, TCmg budc dau tU trang thiit bi va dad tad can bd che he thdng y
te huyen de td chUc heat ddng kham va tam scat chan dean sdm ung thu CTC phu nu tren dia ban huyen vUa tae diiu kien cho ngudi dan, vUa giam tai cho tuyin tinh
THtfC PHAM CHUfC NANG
(Tiep theo trang 15)
biin ddi gen Day la mdt thuc te ma ngay FDA
(cd quan quan ly thudc va thuc pham Hda Ky)
cung khdng the ngan can, giae phd suchpn lUa
chd ngUdi tieu dung bing each bat budc nha
cung cap phai ghi rd "san pham bien ddi gen"
tren bao bi ddng gdi),
Chinh bdi nhung quang ba cUdng dieu tac
dung "ngan ngUa tat benh" cua TPCN (chd ring
nhCmg chat cd ban cua lUdng thuc nhu dam,
dudng, chat bee,., ddng vai trd phu, cdn TPCN
trd thanh chu y i u trong van d i dinh dudng cua
ccn ngudi trdng xa hpi phat trien, du thUa
dudng chat), lam nay sinh ra tam ly lam dung
heat chat sinh hpc de tang cudng cd bip, hdac
duy tri kha nang chju dung trdng hdat dpng the
due the thad bang nhung loai thudc "ddpping"
nguy hiim, dan tdi hau qua la nhieu trudng hpp
bi tLf Vdng do ddt quj, tai biin ddt ngpt nhu
chung ta thudng nghe, thay tren cac phUdng
tien thdng tin,
Lcfi khuyen doi vol ngutri tieu dung:
De phat huy dupc nhung mat tfch cUc, tranh
nhung nguy cd cd the xay ra dd'i vdi sUc khee
cen ngUdi, ngUdi tieu dung can phai than treng
trdng lUa chpn TPCN Thee chung tdi, ba ndi
dung sau day can dupc chu y:
1) Thdng tin v i san pham:
Mpt trdng cac ndi dung bit budc phai ghi
tren nhan hang hoa theo quy dinh cua Nha
nudc ma ngUdi tieu dung can luu y la: Ten va
dia chi cua tc chuc, ca nhan chiu trach nhiem
ve hang hea, boat chat chfnh, han sCf dung va
cau: "sin pham la thuc pham chUc nang, khdng phai thudc"
2) PhUdng thUc ban va ngUdi ban:
Hien nay nhieu s i n pham TPCN dupc ban thee kieu da cap - ngudi ban khdng chuyen nghiep, chuyin tay nhau,,, va cd gia rat cac -nhieu Idai trdng sd nay cd van d i v i gia ca va thudng cd khuynh hUdng khuyin khi'ch ngudi dung lam dung (dung ked dai, benh gi cung khdi,,,), Vi vay, chi nen mua d nhung nha phan phdi chinh thUc, hieu thudc hoac cufa hang cd trach nhiem, kem theo phiiu xuat, de cd vin d i
gi cdn tien cho nha quan ly can thiep, 3) Nha san xuat va mUc dp suf dung: Vdi nhung nha s i n xuat cd uy tin, thUdng hieu Idn va san pham da dupe sCf dung lau dai tren thi trudng, nhiiu ngudi suf dung - tUe la da dupc thuc t i kiim chCmg - dp tin cay thUdng cac hdn :
Thed giad su, tiin sy khda hpc LUu Duan -Trudng dai hpc Cdng nghe Sai Gdn, cd ba ldi khuyen "khdng nen" trong viec suf dung TPCN,
dd la:
Khdng tham lam: khdng nen suf dung qua muc hay lam dung:
Dung ngp nhan: phii hieu biit tUdng tan, khdng hieu sai v i tinh nang va hieu qua cua TPCN:
Chd c i tin: tUc la lam theo ldi ngudi khac ndi mpt each thiiu than trpng, thiiu khach quan, khdng phu hdp vdi minh