Microsoft Word ISO 11613 E doc Reference number ISO 11613 1999(E) © ISO 1999 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11613 First edition 1999 12 15 Protective clothing for firefighters — Laboratory test methods an[.]
Trang 1Reference numberISO 11613:1999(E)
©ISO 1999
First edition1999-12-15
Protective clothing for firefighters — Laboratory test methods and performance requirements
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers — Méthodes d'essai etexigences de performance
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`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -PDF disclaimer
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© ISO 1999
All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
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Foreword iv
Introduction v
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols 2
4 Design and performance requirements — Approach A 7
5 Design and performance requirements — Approach B 12
Annex A (normative) Heat resistance test 21
Annex B (normative) Total heat loss test 22
Annex C (normative) Retroreflective photometric performance test parameters 27
Annex D (normative) Measurement of char length — Procedure 28
Annex E (normative) Measurement of water absorption resistance — Procedure 29
Annex F (informative) A recommended approach and considerations for performing a risk assessment 30
Annex G (informative) Comparison of European (clause 4) and North American (clause 5) requirements 34
Bibliography 37
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies) The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technicalcommittees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject ofpatent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
International Standard ISO 11613 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94,Personal safety — Protectiveclothing and equipment, Subcommittee SC 13,Protective clothing
Annexes A, B, C, D and E form a normative part of ISO 11613 Annexes F and G are for information only
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Introduction
The purpose of this International Standard is to provide minimum performance requirements for protective clothingdesigned to protect against injury in firefighting operations It provides guidance on the selection of firefighters’protective clothing (see clause 1) and considerations for conducting a risk assessment of firefighting risks (seeannex F)
Two alternative approaches to the design and performance requirements for firefighting clothing are provided.Approach A Clause 4 specifies design and performance requirements based on EN 469Protective Clothing
for Firefighters — Requirements and test methods for protective clothing for firefightingand itsclarification documents
Approach B Clause 5 specifies design and performance requirements based on NFPA 1971 Standard on
Protective Clothing for Structural Firefighting
A comparison of the requirements in clauses 4 and 5 is given in annex G The two approaches are not directlycomparable as they use different test procedures
This International Standard has been prepared to fulfil the requirements of a number of countries and it combinesboth European and North American approaches It is agreed that a revision of this International Standard will startimmediately after its publication in order to specify levels of performance on single test methods and to take intoaccount any changes in revision of both EN 469 and NFPA 1971
Nothing in this International Standard is intended to restrict any jurisdiction, purchaser or manufacturer fromexceeding these minimum requirements
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`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -© ISO 1999 – All rights reserved 1
Protective clothing for firefighters — Laboratory test
methods and performance requirements
of design and performance requirements
This International Standard does not cover special clothing for use in other high risk situations such as specializedfirefighting, or clothing for use in long term firefighting operations in high ambient temperature, for example brush,wildland, or forest firefighting It does not cover protection for the head, hands and feet or protection against otherhazards, for example chemical, biological, radiation and electrical hazards These aspects may be dealt with inother standards
Selection of the appropriate system of clothing is dependent on carrying out an effective risk assessment whichidentifies the hazards to be faced, evaluates the likelihood of those hazards, and provides the means to reduce oreliminate these hazards Details on one example at a recommended risk assessment approach and some factorsfor consideration are included in annex F
NOTE Additional personal protective equipment to protect the head, hands, and feet should be worn with clothing specified
in this International Standard and in majority of situations breathing apparatus is also required to be worn Firefighters should betrained in the use and care of protective clothing covered by this International Standard including an understanding of itslimitations and of the other items of personal protective equipment that may be required depending on the risks encountered
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis International Standard For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of thesepublications do not apply However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below Forundated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies Members of ISO and IECmaintain registers of currently valid International Standards
ISO 811:1981,Textile fabrics — Determination of resistance to water penetration — Hydrostatic pressure test.ISO 3146:1985, Plastics — Determination of melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers
ISO 3175-2:1998,Textiles — Dry cleaning and finishing — Part 2: Procedures for tetrachloroethene
ISO 4674:1977,Fabrics coated with rubber or plastics — Determination of tear resistance
ISO 4920:1981,Textiles — Determination of resistance to surface wetting (spray test) of fabrics
ISO 5077:1984,Textiles — Determination of dimensional change in washing and drying
Trang 8`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -ISO 5081:1977,Textiles — Woven fabrics — Determination of breaking strength and elongation (Strip method).ISO 5082:1982,Textiles — Woven fabrics — Determination of breaking strength — Grab method.
ISO 6330:1984,Textiles — Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing
ISO 6530:1990, Protective clothing — Protection against liquid chemicals — Determination of resistance ofmaterials to penetration by liquids
ISO 6942:1993, Clothing for protection against heat and fire — Evaluation of thermal behaviour of materials andmaterial assemblies when exposed to a source of radiant heat
ISO 9073-4:1997,Textiles — Test methods for nonwovens — Part 4: Determination of tear resistance
ISO 9151:1995, Protective clothing against heat and flame — Determination of heat transmission on exposure toflame
ISO 9227:1990,Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests
ISO 13688:1998,Protective clothing — General requirements
ISO 15025:—1 ,Protective clothing — Protection against heat and flame — Method of test for limited flame spread.ISO 17492:—1 ,Clothing for protection against heat and flame — Determination of heat transmission on exposure
to both flame and radiant heat
ISO 17493:—1), Clothing for protection against heat and flame — Determination of convective heat resistanceusing a hot air circulating oven
EN 532:1994,Protective clothing — Protection against heat and flame — Test method for limited flame spread.ASTM E 809:1981,Standard Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
cargo pockets
pockets located on the protective garment exterior
NOTE As used in clause 5
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firefighters’ protective clothing
specific garments providing protection for the firefighter’s upper and lower torso, neck, arms, and legs, butexcluding the head, hands, and feet
non-fabric components of protective clothing including those made of metal or plastic material
NOTE Examples include fasteners, rank markings, buttons, etc
3.1.14
interface component
item(s) designed to provide limited protection to interface areas
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entity that assumes the liability and provides the warranty for the compliant product
NOTE As used in clause 5
multilayer clothing assembly
series of layers of garments arranged in the order as worn
NOTE It may contain multilayer materials, material combinations or separate layers of clothing material in single layers
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protective uniform garment
garment designed and configured to be both the thermal barrier or portion of the thermal barrier of a protectivegarment, and a station/work uniform
NOTE 1 As used in clause 5
NOTE 2 The term refers specifically to station/work uniform garments that satisfy the applicable requirements of NFPA 1975,Standard on Station/Work Uniforms for Firefighters, and that also satisfy in part or in full the thermal barrier requirements of thisInternational Standard
3.1.31
protective wristlet
interface component that provides limited protection to the protective garment/glove interface area
3.1.32
removable inner liner
inner garment designed to be attached or to be worn separately under an outer garment in order to provide thermalinsulation
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3.2 Symbols and subscripts
3.2.1 Symbols
Ar total retroreflective trim surface area
Ap total surface area of the plate
C l coefficient of luminous intensity
Cr coefficient of reflectivity
H heat power input
Im permeability index
I Q heat transmission index
I T thermal protection index
p water pressure
pa water pressure of the ambient environment
pp water pressure at the plate surface
Qtot total heat loss
Re evaporative resistance
Re,in intrinsic evaporative resistance of the test specimen
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Re,p evaporative resistance of the bare plate
Re,tot total evaporative resistance
R T thermal resistance
R T,in intrinsic thermal resistance of the test specimen
R T,p thermal resistance of the bare plate
R T,tot total thermal resistance
T temperature
Ta temperature of the ambient environment
Tp temperature of the bare plate
t1,t2 time necessary to reach the levels 1 and 2
w mass fraction expressed as a percentage
ww mass fraction of water absorbed
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4.2.1 Configuration
The firefighters’ protective clothing shall provide protection for the firefighter’s upper and lower torso, neck, arms,and legs, but excluding the head, hands, and feet It shall consist of:
a) a single outer garment; or
b) an outer two piece suit consisting of a jacket and a pair of trousers with a minimum overlap of 30 cm; or
c) a series of outer and undergarments designed to be worn together
If choosing to comply with Approach A of this clause — which allows an area of limited protection — the followingpoints shall be met:
a) the upper body shall be protected by clothing meeting requirements of Approach A of this clause;
b) the area of limited protection shall be in the lower body area;
c) the level of performance when tested in accordance with ISO 6942 at 40 kW/m2 and ISO 9151 shall bedeclared
4.2.2 Restriction of movement
The clothing shall be designed to minimize restrictions of movement It shall be compatible with other protectiveequipment which may be necessary, for example boots, helmet, gloves and breathing apparatus
4.2.3 Multilayer clothing assemblies
Where multilayer clothing assemblies are used to achieve the specified performance levels, the layers shall beeither permanently attached or the various garments shall be clearly labelled that they must always be used incombination (see 4.2.6)
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Any labels or trim shall not adversely affect the performance of the garment
4.3 Sampling and pretreatment
4.3.1 Samples
Samples shall be taken so as to be representative of the materials and garment construction employed
4.3.2 Number and size of specimens
The number and size of specimens for the different tests shall be in accordance with the respective standards Alltests shall be carried out on materials as received unless otherwise specified (see 4.3.4)
at (603) °C and drying by procedure E (tumble drying) unless otherwise specified in the care labelling Dryingshall be in accordance with the procedures of ISO 6330 A total of five washing and drying cycles shall be used.Materials which are labelled as dry cleanable only shall be dry cleaned five times in accordance with ISO 3175-2
4.4 Requirements
4.4.1 Flame resistance (surface exposure)
Flame spread shall be tested in accordance with EN 532 after the pretreatment specified in 4.3.4 and the followingrequirements shall be satisfied
a) No specimen shall give flaming to top or either side edge;
b) No specimen shall give hole formation in any layer, except the outer layer of a multilayer assembly;
c) No specimen shall give flaming or molten debris;
d) The mean value of afterflame time shall beu2 s;
e) The mean value of the afterglow time shall beu2 s
Trang 16`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -The component assembly of the outer garment shall be tested by applying the flame to the outer surface of thegarment.
If the outer garment has a lining material, the component assembly of the outer garment shall also be tested withthe flame applied to the innermost lining of the outer garment
If the clothing assembly consists of several separate garments and the undergarment may be exposed to flame,the component assembly of this undergarment shall also be tested applying the flame to the outer surface of thisinner garment
If the clothing assembly incorporates wristlet material, this shall be tested separately applying the flame to the outersurface of the wristlet material
NOTE Hole formation is permitted in moisture barrier interlinings The following clarification is offered for 4.4.1 b): “Nospecimen shall give hole formation in any layer, except for a layer which is used for specific protection other than heatprotection, for example, liquid penetration, high visibility, etc.”
4.4.2 Heat transfer (flame exposure)
The component assembly or multilayer clothing assembly when tested in accordance with ISO 9151 after thepretreatment specified in 4.3.4 shall give a mean heat transmission index (I Q) of I Q,24W13 and a mean(I Q,24- I Q,12)W4
4.4.3 Heat transfer (radiant exposure)
The component assembly or multilayer clothing assembly when tested in accordance with method B ofISO 6942:1993 at a heat flux density of 40 kW/m2, after the pretreatment specified in 4.3.4, shall give a mean
t2W22 s, a mean (t2- t1)W6 s, and a mean transmission factoru60 %
4.4.4 Residual strength of material when exposed to radiant heat
One machine and one cross machine specimen of the outer material shall be tested in accordance with ISO 5081before and after pretreatment of the complete assembly by method A of ISO 6942:1993 at a heat flux density of
10 kW/m2 Each specimen shall have a tensile strengthW450 N
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4.4.9 Cleaning-shrinkage resistance
The materials of the outer garment assembly when tested in accordance with ISO 5077 using the cleansingpretreatment specified in 4.3.4 shall give a dimensional change u3% in both the machine and cross machinedirections
4.4.10 Liquid-chemical penetration resistance
The component assembly or multilayer clothing assembly when tested in accordance with ISO 6530 using:
a) 40 % sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 20 °C;
b) 36 % hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 20 °C;
c) 30 % sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at 20 °C;
d) white spirit;
shall give>80 % run-off and no penetration to the innermost surface
NOTE Fabrics shall be conditioned for 24 h at (20±2) °C and (65± 5) % RH before testing All tests shall be carried outwith a pouring time of 10 s and at a temperature of 20 °C
4.4.11 Water-penetration resistance and water-vapour resistance
It is recommended that the manufacturer should supply information on the behaviour of the clothing assembly whentested according to ISO 811 for hydrostatic pressure and to ISO 11092[2]for water-vapour resistance
4.5 Additional garment testing
If agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the complete garment assembly may be additionally tested
to typical scenarios encountered by a firefighter (see Table 1)
Table 1 — Additional testing
Conditions Exposure time Temperature Heat flux density
If the requirements are only met by the use of a combination of garments [see 4.2.1 c)] this must be declared onthe labels of all the garments involved
General marking requirements shall be as specified in ISO 13688
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`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -4.7 Manufacturers’ information
The manufacturer’s information shall be given as specified in ISO 13688
5 Design and performance requirements — Approach B
The thermal barrier or portion of the thermal barrier shall be permitted to be configured as a protective-uniformgarment When configured in this manner, the assembled protective garment shall meet all requirements specified
in this International Standard
5.2.2 Attachment of moisture barrier and thermal barrier
Protective garments shall have a means of securing the moisture barrier and thermal barrier to the outer shell.NOTE The fastener system should be specified by the purchaser Fastener system methods can include (but are not limitedto) stitching the thermal barrier and moisture barrier into the coat in the neck, or into the trouser in the waist area with snap orhook and pile fasteners securing the remainder; entirely stitching the thermal barrier and moisture barrier to the outer shell;entirely securing the thermal barrier and moisture barrier to a component part of the outer shell with snap fasteners or fastenertape; or zipping the thermal barrier and vapour barrier to the outer shell
5.2.3 Use of fasteners
Protective garments, including the front closure, shall be constructed in a manner that provides secure andcomplete moisture and thermal protection If non-positive fasteners, such as snaps or hook and pile tape, areutilized in garment closures, a positive locking fastener, such as hooks and dees or zippers, shall also be utilized
5.2.4 Extension of moisture and thermal barriers
The distance from the outer-shell cuffs and hems to the moisture and thermal barriers shall not exceed 76 mm Atthe neck, the coat moisture barrier and thermal barrier shall extend to the neckline seam The upper edge of thetrouser moisture barrier and thermal barrier shall extend, as a minimum, to the waistline
5.2.5 Cargo pocket requirements
Cargo pockets, where provided, shall have a means of drainage of water and shall have a means of fastening them
in the closed position
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NOTE Purchasers should specify pockets large enough to carry tools and items normally carried Placement should allowfor access to the pockets while wearing SCBA Specifying ballooned pockets will increase capacity but could interfere withmanoeuvrability Ballooning only the back edges could minimize the manoeuvrability problem Divided pockets could be desired,
as well as pockets for specific items, such as SCBA facepieces and radios
5.2.6 Trim dimensions and coverage
Trim utilized to meet visibility requirements shall be permanently attached to the outer shell of protective garmentsand shall be no less than 50 mm wide and shall have both retroreflective and fluorescent surfaces Retroreflectivesurface of trim shall be no less than 16 mm wide Fluorescent and retroreflective areas of trim shall appear to becontinuous for the length of the trim, with gaps between areas of retroreflectivity of no more than 4 mm
NOTE Users of protective clothing should be aware that retroreflective trims have varying durability under field useconditions Trim may be damaged by heat but appear to be in good condition when in fact it may have lost retroreflectiveproperties Trim may become soiled and lose fluorescing and retroreflective qualities Trim may lose retroreflective qualities inrain or firefighting water exposures
5.2.7 Excess trim
Trim affixed to protective garments exceeding the visibility requirements specified in 5.4.8 of this InternationalStandard shall be permitted to be obscured by components such as, but not limited to, pockets, storm flaps, andreinforcing patches as long as the minimum trim required in 5.2.8 and 5.2.9 is not obscured
NOTE Purchasers of protective clothing should realize that trim patterns can materially affect the visibility of the firefighter.Trim patterns should be evaluated on live models as the models proceed through a series of arm and leg motions, bending,stooping, and turning
5.2.8 Additional requirements for protective coats
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Protective coat trim shall have no less than 2 100 cm2of fluorescent area
5.2.8.7 Visible trim minimum areas
Protective coat trim shall include no less than 1 050 cm2of fluorescent area visible from the front and 1 050 cm2offluorescent area visible from the rear when the coat is properly closed and is laid on a flat inspection surface
5.2.9 Additional requirements for protective trousers
5.2.9.1 Area of protection
Protective trousers shall provide protection as specified to the lower torso and legs, excluding the ankles and feet.NOTE A protective ensemble consisting of both protective coat and protective trousers is required to be utilized forstructural firefighting in order to assure better protection for the firefighter’s torso and limbs in accordance with 5-2.6 ofNFPA 1500 An overlap of no less than 203 mm of coat and trousers is also required by 5-2.1 of NFPA 1500 and should bespecified to assure adequate protection
5.2.9.2 Hardware
Protective trouser hardware shall not penetrate through the outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier tocontact the wearer’s body when trouser is worn with closure fastened, unless the hardware is located on or abovethe waistline or hardware is completely covered by external closure flaps
5.2.9.3 Trim location
Protective trouser trim shall include a circumferential band around each leg between the hem and knee
5.2.9.4 Trim minimum area
Protective trouser trim shall have no less than 520 cm2of fluorescent area
5.2.9.5 Visible trim minimum areas
Protective trouser trim shall include no less than 260 cm2of fluorescent area visible from the front and no less than
260 cm2of fluorescent area visible from the rear when the trouser is properly closed and is laid on a flat inspectionsurface
5.2.10 Additional requirements for protective coverall
That portion of the protective coverall that corresponds to the protective coat shall meet all requirements of 5.2.8.That portion of the protective coverall that corresponds to the protective trouser shall meet all requirements of5.2.9
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5.2.11 Specific requirements for protective hoods
The protective hood shall be designed to cover and provide the limited protection specified in 5.5 to the head, face,and neck, which are not protected by the protective coat, helmet, or SCBA facepiece
The protective hood shall be designed to contact the sides of the SCBA facepiece, when worn, to cover all exposedfacial areas The protective hood shall be designed so that it does not interfere with the proper use of SCBA andthe SCBA facepiece-to-face seal, as specified by the SCBA manufacturer
The protective hood shall be designed so that it does not interfere with the proper use and fit of helmets, asspecified by the helmet manufacturer
5.2.12 Specific requirements for protective wristlets
The protective wristlet shall be designed to cover and provide the limited protection specified within this subclause
to the wrist areas
The protective wristlet shall be permanently attached to the protective coat
5.3 Sampling and pretreatment
5.3.1 Sampling levels
Sampling levels for testing and inspection shall be established by the responsible testing laboratory and themanufacturer to assure a reasonable and acceptable reliability at a reasonable and acceptable confidence levelthat products certified as being compliant with this International Standard are compliant
5.3.4 Pretreatment
When pretreatment is specified as part of the test procedure or performance requirement, the test materials shall
be washed five times in a front loading horizontal drum machine with 1 g/l IEC reference detergent (annex B ofISO 6330:1984) in soft water and dried in accordance with the procedures of ISO 6330 Washing shall be carriedout by procedure 2A at (603) °C and drying by procedure E (tumble drying) unless otherwise specified in thecare labelling Drying shall be in accordance with the procedures of ISO 6330 A total of five washing and dryingcycles shall be used A laundry bag shall not be used
5.4 Performance requirements
5.4.1 Protective garment requirements
5.4.1.1 Heat transfer (combined radiant and flame exposure)
The protective garment composite consisting of outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier shall have a heattransfer burn time of no less than 17,5 s when tested for heat transfer (combined radiant and flame exposure) in
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`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -accordance with ISO 17492, using the thermal protection index (I T) analysis method with the specimens in thecontact configuration, before and after the pretreatment specified in 5.3.4.
5.4.1.2 Seam strength
All seams shall be tested for breaking strength and shall demonstrate a seam strength equal to or greater than
675 N force for major A seams, 337 N force for major B seams, and 180 N force for minor seams when tested asspecified in ISO 5082, with the test machine operated at a rate of 305 mm/min Seam breaking strength shall beconsidered acceptable when the fabric strength is less than the required seam strength specified above, providingthe fabric fails without failure of the seam below the applicable forces specified above
5.4.1.3 Breathability
It is recommended that the manufacturer supply information on the behaviour of the composite when tested inaccordance with ISO 11092 as modified by annex B for total heat loss
5.4.2 Textiles
5.4.2.1 Flame resistance (edge exposure)
Outer shell, moisture barrier, thermal barrier, collar linings, winter liner fabric, and trim shall be individually testedfor flame resistance and shall have an average char length of no more than 102 mm, an average afterflame of nomore than 2 s, and shall not melt or drip when tested in accordance with ISO 15025 as modified by annex D, beforeand after the pretreatment specified in 5.3.4
5.4.2.2 Thermal-shrinkage resistance
Outer shell, moisture barrier, thermal barrier, collar linings, and winter liner fabric shall be individually tested forthermal-shrinkage resistance and shall not shrink more than 10 % in any direction when tested in accordance withISO 17493, using the procedure for flat textile and other sheet materials at a test temperature of 260 °C, before andafter the pretreatment specified in 5.3.4
5.4.2.3 Heat resistance
Outer shell, moisture barrier, thermal barrier, collar linings, and winter liner fabric, and other materials used inconstruction — including but not limited to padding, reinforcement, garment labels, interfacing, binding, hangerloops, and emblems, but excluding trim, elastic and hook and pile fasteners when not placed in direct contact withthe body — shall be individually tested for heat resistance and shall not melt, separate, or ignite when tested inaccordance with ISO 17493, using the procedure for flat textile and other sheet materials at a test temperature of
260 °C, before and after the pretreatment specified in 5.3.4
Moisture barrier seam seal materials shall be tested for heat resistance and shall not drip or ignite when tested inaccordance with the method given in ISO 17493 when tested at a temperature of 260 °C
5.4.2.4 Cleaning-shrinkage resistance
Outer shell, moisture barrier, thermal barrier, collar linings, and winter liner fabric shall be individually tested forcleaning-shrinkage resistance in accordance with ISO 5077 using the cleansing pretreatment specified in 5.3.4 andshall not shrink more than 5 % in any direction Knit fabric specimens shall be pulled to original dimensions andshall be allowed to relax for 1 min prior to measurement
5.4.3 Outer shell requirements
5.4.3.1 Tear resistance
Outer-shell and collar-lining fabrics shall be tested for tear resistance and shall have a tear strength of no less than
100 N when tested as specified in accordance with ISO 9073-4