© ISO 2016 Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 3 20° gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method Papier et carton — Mesurage du brillant spéculaire — Partie 3 Brillant à 20° avec un[.]
Trang 1P aper and boar d — Measur ement of
Part 3:
Pa ier et carto — Mesura e du brilla t spéculaire —
P artie 3: Bri l l ant à 2 ° av ec u f i sc a co v ergent, méth d e
TAP PI
S con edition
2 16-04-0
Refer ence n mb r
ISO 8 54-3:2 16(E)
Trang 2COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, P blshed in Sw itz rlan
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Trang 3F reword i v
Introduction v
1 Sc ope 1
2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1
3 Terms and definitio s 1
4 Principle 2
5 A pparatus 2
5.1 Glos mete 2
5.2 Glos stan ar ds 2
6 S mpl ng 4
7 Preparatio of test piec es 4
8 Calbratio of the instr ument 4
9 Proc ed re .4
10 Calculation and ex pr es io of results 5
11 Test r epor t 5
A nne x A (normative) Specification of the o tical system of the glos meter 6
A nne x B (informative)Precisio 9
Biblog raphy 10
Trang 4ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards
b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out
through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical
committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational
org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work
ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of
ele trot ech ical s an ardization
The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar
desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the
dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the
edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)
A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of
p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of
any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r
on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not
cons itut e an en orsement
F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity
as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the WTO principles in the Te h ical
Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the fol owing URL: F or word - Sup lementary information
The committ ee r sp nsible for thisdocument is ISO/TC6, Pa e , b ard a d p lps
This se ond edition canc ls an r plac s the f irs edition (ISO 8 54-3:2 04 ), w hich has be n edit orialy
r vised t o pro ide a pr cision s at ement, t o updat e the biblo ra hic r fe enc s an t o pro ide
ad itional clarification on S o e and a plcation of the method desc ibed in this Int ernational Stan ard
ISO 8 54 consis s of the folowing p rt , u de the g ene al title Pa e a d b ard — Meas ur ment o
s pec ular glos s:
— Part 1: 7 ° glos s w ith a c on e gin beam, TAP I meth d
— Part 2 : 7 ° glos s w ith a p ralel beam, DIN meth d
— Part 3: 2 ° glos s w ith a c on e gin beam, TA PI meth d
Trang 5This p rt of ISO 8 54 deals with the as es ment of the spe ular glos of pa e an b ard at an angle
of 2 °, using a conve ging beam g eometry commonly k own as the TAP I method an desc ibed in
TAP I T6 3
[2]
ISO 8 54-1 an ISO 8 54- 2 deal with the measur ment of spe ular glos at 7 °
Although the word “ measur ment” is used, it is t o be not ed that this is s rictly speaking only an
“as es ment” be a use the def inition of glos ( e 3.1) r lat es t o a scale of visual pe c ption, w he eas
the method desc ibed uses a phy sical measur ment of mix ed r gular an difuse r fle tion The ex ct
cor elation betwe n the visual pe c ption an the scale es a lshed b the phy sical measur ment is not
known Howeve , this phy sical glos scale has pro ed t o be useful for a n mbe of t ech ical a plcations
an , conseq ently, it s an ardization is jus if ied
Trang 7P aper and boar d — Measur ement ofspecular gloss —
Part 3:
This part ofISO 8 54 spe ifies a method for measuring the spe ular glos of p pe and b ard at an
angle of 2 ° t o the normal t o the p pe surfac It isa pl ca le chiefly t o highly glos y surfac s, such as
cas -co t ed, lacq e ed, highly v rnished or wax ed p pe s an high-glos ink f ilms
NOTE T is part of ISO 8 54 has b en developed from T AP I T 5
[2]
, ISO 2 1
[1]
an from ISO 8 54-1
2 Normati ve r eferences
The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar
in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed
r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es
ISO 1 6, Pa e a d b ard — S mpln to dete mine a e a e q alt y
ISO 1 7, Pa e , b ard a d p lps — Sta dard atmos phe e fr c onditionin a d tes tin a d proc edur fr
mo itorin the atmos phe e a d c onditio in o s amples
3 Terms and definitions
F or the purposes of this document, the folowing t ermsand definitions a ply
3.1
glos (of a surfac )
mode of a pearanc b w hich r fle t ed highl ght of o je t ar pe c ived as supe imposed on the
surfac d e t o the dir ctional y sele tive pro e ties of that urfac
[ SOURCE:CIE S 0 7 E:2 1 , 17-5 0
[3]
]
3.2
re ular reflection
spe ular r fle tion
r fle tion in ac ordanc with the law s of g eometrical o tics, without difusion
[ SOURCE:CIE S0 7 E:2 0 , 1 -1 7
[3]
]
3.3
dif use reflection
difusion b r fle tion in w hich, on the mac osco ic scale, the e is no r gular r fle tion
[ SOURCE:CIE S0 7 E:2 1 , 17-3 5
[3]
]
3.4
specular glos
measur d v ria le eq al t o 1 0 times the ratio of the luminous flux r fle t ed b the t es -pie e surfac
int o a spe ified a e tur at the spe if ied angle of spe ular r fle tion t o that r fle t ed b a glos
s an ard spe ularly r fle ting surfac u de the same con itions
Trang 84 Principle
Light incident on the t es -pie e surfac at an angle of 2 ° t o the normal an r fle t ed from the surfac at
an angle of 2 ° t o the normal int o a defined a e tur is det ect ed b a phot odet ect or, the output of w hich
is displa ed on a met er The glos scale is es a l shed b r fe enc t o the r fle tion from a s an ard
black glas of k own r fractive in ex Annex B pro ides pr cision data
5.1 Glos meter
It has the g ene al ar ang ement an r lative dimensions of the principal p rt desc ibed in Annex A It
consis s of:
a) a sour e of lgh
b) a lens giving a conve ging beam of lght incident on the t es pie e;
c) a suita le devic , such as a suction plat e t o hold the t es pie e flat, ifr q ir d;
d) a phot odet ect or t o r c ive an measur c rtain of the ra s r fle t ed b the t es pie e
These comp nent ar combined in a l ght-tight housing that is matt e black inside an is s ructuraly
an o ticaly s a le at the o e ating t empe atur
5.2 Glos standards
5.2.1 Pr imar y glos standar d, a fla clean an p lshed surfac , ha ving a refr active in ex of 1,540 at
5 7,6 nm (he helum D-lne) This ma y be show n b the Fr esnel formulae to measure 1 0 glos u it on
a scale r elated to thetheoretical primary g los s an ar d T e theor etical primary spe ular glos s andar d
is an ideal, completely r efle ting plane mirr or ha ving an as ig ned g los v lue of 21 9
[4]
5.2.2 High glos r eferenc e standar d, a clean plaq e of p lshed black glas for which the 2 ° spe ular
refle tanc has be n computed fr om its r efractive in ex measur ed at a wa veleng th of 5 7,6 nm
If the r fractive in ex dife s from 1,540, theglos v lue shal be calculat ed asfolow s:
w he e
K n
,
,
,
ε
=
05
05
2
2
+
−
−
−
+
2
2
05
2
0 n
n
2
2
,
,
2
05
,
cos
2
2
2
ε
+
−
−
05
2
2
05
2
1 540
1 540 ,
,
,
+
2
0
2
,
(2)
w he e
n is ther fractivein ex of the glas ;
ε is theangle of incidenc
Trang 9When ε = 2 ° , the formula r d c s t o
K n
,
,
05
0
°
=
(
) 5
2
2
05
2
05
+
−
−
−
(
) +
n
n
,
,
2
(3)
NOTE 1 If the refractive in e is k own, the glos value can b calculated by ad ing or subtracting from 1 0,0
a value of 0,2 for e ch 0,0 1departure of the refractive in e from the stan ard value of 1,540 For e ample, for
a glas of refractive in e n = 1,5 3, the as igned glos value G would b
G
n
n
=
=
=
10
0 29 1 54
0 0 1
29 34 6
95 1
−
−
−
,
,
,
(4 )
This method is, howeve , v ld only for r fractive in ex v lues betwe n 1,5 an 1,54 It is not a pl ca le
t o q artz s an ards for w hich n is a out 1,46
NOTE 2 Commer ial glos met er with 2 ° glos s ales b sed on Int ernational Stan ards with refractive in e
of 1,56 for g neral materials (paint, plastic , ceramics) wil report diferent glos re dings for paper samples
which are b sed on a refractive in e of 1,540an are not compatible with this part of ISO 8 54
5.2.3 Inter mediate glos standards, ha ving a r efle ted flux dis ribution comp rable with that of
the p pe to be tes ed Such standar ds can consis of c r amic tiles which ar e suficiently flat to remain
stationary without r ocking when plac d in the measurement p sition an ar e u iform in glos o e a
c ntr al r eg ion lar g er in ar ea than the i uminated ar ea defined b Formulae (A.3) an (A 4) Each of these
ties shal be calbrated agains the high glos r efer enc s an ar d b a te h icaly competent la oratory
in an instrument conforming to 5.1
5.2.4 Wor king standar ds, ha ving refle ted flux dis ributions corr esp n ing to difer ent glos levels,
calbr ated in the ins rument conc rned agains a rang e of inte mediate glos s an ards
St or s an ards in a closed containe w hen not in use K eep them awa from any dirt w hich ma sc at ch
or mar their surfac s Neve plac s an ards fac down on a surfac w hich ma be dirty or a rasive
Alway s hold s an ards b their side edg es t o a oid trans e ring oi from the skin t o the s an ard surfac
Clean s an ards in warm wat er an mid det erg ent solution, brushing g ently with a sof ny lon brush
(Do not use so p solutions t o clean s andards ) Rinse in hot ru ning wat er (t empe atur near 6 °C) t o
r mo e det erg ent solution, folowed b a f inal rinse in dis i led wat er Do not wipe int ermediat e glos
s an ards (5.2.3) The high glos r fe enc s an ard (5.2.2) ma be da bed g ently with a lnt-fr e pa e
t owel or othe lnt-fr e a sorbent mat erial Plac rinsed s an ardsin a warm o en t o dry
The r fractive in ex of the surfac , an conseq ently the glos v lue of the high glos r fe enc
s an ard (5.2.2), might chang e slow ly over a pe iod of a few years This could be ac ompanied b a
los of u iformity It is r commen ed that this s an ard be sent t o a t ech icaly compet ent la orat ory
at leas onc eve y two years for a che k on it calbration an for p s ible r p lshing t o r st or it
uniformity
[5]
5.3 Zer o-glos standar d, consist ing of a black velvet -l ned ca it y or any ot he suit able t ype of
black cav it y
NOTE A variety of suita le cavities are availa le, inclu ing those co t ed with a matt e black paint or having
an interior black p ramidal construction
Trang 106 Sampl ng
Samplng is not inclu ed in this p rt of ISO 8 54 If the mean q alty of a lot is t o be det ermined, samplng
shal be car ied out in ac ordanc with ISO 1 6 If the t es s ar made on anothe ty e of sample, make
sur that the t es pie es ar r pr sentative of the sample r c ived
7 Preparation oftest piec es
Av iding wat ermarks, dirt an o vious defe t , cut at leas five t es pie es(1 pie es if both sides ar t o
be measur d) each of suff icient siz t o complet ely co e the t es -pie e o ening ofthe ins rument K eep
the t es pie e clean an do not han le the ar a t o be t est ed C ndition the t es pie es in an atmosphe e
at 2 °Can 5 % r lative h midity ac ording t o ISO 1 7
Ex osur of pa e t o high h midity could ir eve sibly de r ase the glos If pa e s ar t est ed at a
r lative h midity highe than 6 %, or if the e is r ason t o beleve that the sample might ha e be n
ex osed t o a r lativeh midity highe than 65 %, this should be s at ed in thet es r p rt
8 Cal bration ofthe instrument
8.1 C ve the tes -pie e o ening w ith an o aq e mate ial an , with the glos -mete sour ce turned of,
che k an adjus the z r o of the mete T urn on the sour ce an , afe a suita le warm-up pe iod, inse t
the high g los refer enc s an ar d (5.2.2) an adjus the scale contr ols to g ive an ins rument reading
eq al to the v lue of the g los stan ar d
8.2 Re he k the z r o of the ins rument with the tes -pie e o ening eithe u co er ed an ex posed
to a dar k r oom or co er ed with a z r o-glos s an ar d (5.3) to prevent ex te nal lght fr om ente ing the
rec ptor win ow With the sour ce turned on, the z r o reading should ag r ee with the sour ce-of z ro
setting
NOT Disa re ment in the zero re dings sugg ests that u want ed light ray s are ent ering the recept or win ow
8.3 Reinse t the high glos r eferenc s an ar d (5.2.2) an adjus the ins rument as before to g ive the
corr ect glos v lue for the stan ar d Inse t an inte mediate glos stan ar d (5.2.3) or a wor king s andard
(5.2.4) an se that the ins rument r eads it correctly If the reading dife s b more than one glos u it
fr om the as ig ned v lue, the ins rument should be che ked for conformanc to the g eometrical, spe tral
and photometric r eq ir ement , an the Inte national Standar ds should be che ked with r espe t o their
calbration
NOTE Cor ect re dings on the high glos reference stan ard an intermediat e glos stan ard sugg est that
the instrument is in ap ro imat e, but not neces arily e act, conformance with the ap aratus specif ications
9.1 Inse t a wor king s an ar d at fr eq ent inte v ls to ensure that he ins rument r emains in calbr ation
thr oug hout the pe iod in which the glos measur ement ar e being made, and again at the en of the test
9.2 Inse t a tes pie e, make sure that it isflat and r ead the glos v lue fr om the mete Re ord the glos
v lue reading s for al four dir ections, in the machine dir ection an cou te -machine direction an in
b th cr os dir ections Repeat the measur ement for a total of at leas five tes pie es
9.3 If r eq ir ed, make simiar measur ement on the othe side of the p pe using new tes pie es