c for dummies 5th ed 2004 5177

C++ For Dummies ® , 5th Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc.. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 Copyright © 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published

C++

FOR

DUMmIES

C++ For Dummies ® , 5th Edition

Published by

Wiley Publishing, Inc

111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 Copyright © 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2004102365 ISBN: 0-7645-6852-3

Manufactured in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5B/SW/QU/QU/IN

417

starting Dev-C++, 17 statement, executing single

See

single-stepping statements, basing programs on, 23–24 static objects

complex data member, constructing, 228–232 constant data member, constructing, 232–233 data, referencing, 253–255 functions, declaring,

234–235 protecting, 204 reasons for using, 251–252

this keyword, 258 using, 252–253 static variable, 91, 233 STL (Standard Template

Library) See template

library storing Dev-C++, 14 logical values with simple operators, 49–51 results of expressions, 26 stream I/O

endl, terminating with,

322

fstream subclasses,

320–322 subclasses (strstream), 322–325

string arrays, manipulating with characters, 103–106 characters, arrays of, 101–103

container, template library, 364–366

expanding pointer variables to, 129–131 length of, 153

manipulation, justifying,

131 variable, described, 33, 34 variables, 106–108

students, sample programs about

courses, associating, 170–177, 182 GPA, 186–192, 193 graduate school, 263–268,

tuition calculation, 269–275

style, importance of clear and consistent, 379 subclass

abstract classes, 287–289 constructing, 265–266 described, 159 destructing, 267 stream I/O (strstream), 322–325

using, 265 subscripts, 55

switch statement, 74–75, 135 syntax, defined, 10 system requirements back-of-the-book CD, 393

• T •

tab character (‘t’), 35, 385–386

tail pointer, 196

“tell me your address”

pointer operator (&), 111–113

temperature conversion sample program, 17–21, 26

template library container classes objects linked to, 200

described, 363 iterators, 368–370

list containers, 366–368 maps, 371–374

sort() method, 371 string container, 364–366 templates

BUDGET4, BC31–BC37 BUDGET5, BC37–BC44 classes, 355–361 function, generalizing

maximum()

temporary object avoiding, 249–250 described, 248–249 referential argument, referring to, 250 terminator

character string to, returning (getline()), 320–321

endl, 322 newline character (‘n’),

322 null terminated array, 129 string, 103

test program, running debugger, 148–149 text editor, entering instructions with, 17–18 text, string displaying, 364–366

this keyword, 258

throw keyword, 335–337

true/false See boolean

variable (bool) truncation problem integers (int variable), 29–30

solving, 30–31 try block, 332–335 typing errors, 20

418 C++ For Dummies, 5th Edition

• U •

unary mathematical operators, 43–44 unary operator (+), 40 Unix, origins of, 10 unwinding the stack, 332 user-defined objects operators, 306, 307 prompting for, 199 references, passing, 191–192

value container for, 24 passing pointers to functions by, 117–118

variable See also array;

pointer functions returning, 84 mixing in functions, 89 scope, limiting, 120–121 storage types,

functions, 91

variable declaring See

declaring variables variable size, 109–110 vector, 355

virtual inheritance, 346–348 virtual member functions described, 269–272 exception to identical declaration rule, 276

limitations, 277–278 polymorphism, 272–276 visibility, limiting access to class internals, 379–381 Visual C++.NET (Microsoft)

debugger commands,

compatibility with, 12 managed mode, 119, 123 new program project,

project, building, BC45–BC47

void return type of function, 84

warnings See error

messages while condition is true (while loop), 64–65 whitespace, 24

whole numbers See

integers (int variable) width parameter stream manipulator, 327

Windows 98 For Dummies

(Rathbone), 393

Windows 2000 Professional For Dummies

(Rathbone), 393 Windows (Microsoft)

CD, back-of-the-book, 394–395

Dev-C++ development and, 12, 21

program arguments, accessing, 137–138 versions other than 9x and ME (Win32), BC46 WRITE debugging

technique average, ridiculous value for, 143–146

divide by zero problem, 142–143

limitations, 146–147 writing

declarations, 24–25 functions, 79–83 program, 11–12

XOR bitwise operator (^),

56, 58

zero division error, 142–143

as non-pointer, 196 string terminated by, 103