cnn PHIIT TRig''''n sirm neOn nGuf THI GIAC CHO TRC 1 Ngdn ngu cua con ngudi dupc chia thdnh hai toai ngdn ngu ttiinh giac (nghe ndi) va ngdn ngQ ttij giac (dpc v''''l^) Ngdn ngQttiinh giac dupc sudyng rpng[.]
Trang 1cnn PHIIT TRig'n sirm neOn nGuf THI GIAC CHO TRC
1 Ngdn ngu cua con ngudi dupc chia thdnh hai
toai: ngdn ngu ttiinh giac (nghe - ndi) va ngdn ngQ
ttij giac (dpc - v'l^) Ngdn ngQttiinh giac dupc sudyng
rpng rai, thudng dung trong cudc sdng diii ttiudng,
nhd nd md giao tilp cda con ngudi nhanh nhay, tilt
kidm, gpn nhg Tuy nhidn, tinh quy pham, tinh he
thdng cua ngdn ngu thinh giac thd'p, vi vdy, nlu con
ngudi chi cd ngdn ngQ thinh giac thi tU duy khd cd
the sdu sdc Ngdn ngQ thj giac ed tinh quy pham
hon, he ttidng hon ngdn ngQttiinh gide ChQvi^dupc
xem la tin higu cua tin higu (ngdn ngQ ndi la tin higu
cila y; chu vilt la tin hidu cua ngdn ngQ ndi) se kich
thich sy phdt trien tu duy, tri nhd va tri tudng tupng
ciia con ngud( Kit qua nghidn ciiu cua gido su, Tmng
Qudc Phung Ode Toan (2011) cho thiy, nhQng cdu
chuyen nghe dupe thudng khdng an tupng va dupe
hieu sdu sde bdng nhung tmyen dd doc, bdi an ta;png
thj giac hQu hinh do kha ndng ndm bdt thdng tin cila
mdt uu vidt hon tai
6 mdt dua be, r\m de ngdn ngQ thj gide phat triln
chdm, bd qua ttidi ki vang eua nhdn thde thi tu duy,
tri nhd, tri ta;ong tupng se khd phat trie'n Ngdn ngQ
thinh giac bdt dau tQ 0 tud'i, ludn ludn di tmde ngdn
ngQ thj giac, nlu khoanci each giQa hai ngdn ngQ qua
xa thi sd cang giam ttiieu sy phat trien cua ngdn ngQ
thj giac Phat trien sdm ngdn ngQ thj giac cho tre la
mpt vigc ldm cin ttiilt, dupc xem la mdt trong nhQng
nguyen tdc dao tao td chat Uidl ki sdm eua con ngudi
Chu dpng phat trien sdm ngdn ngu thi giac la gdp
phln hinh thanh vdn hda dpc cho Idp tre
Phit trien ngdn ngd thi giic cho tre tdluc nio?
Lim the nio di'phit trie'n ngdn ngd thi giic? Tieh
hgp viee phit trien ngdn ngu thi giic vdi phit trien
ngdn nguthinh giic nhu the nio? la nhQng van d l
ma bai viet d l cap
2 Tmde hit, can nhdn thQc vide phit trien ngdn
ngu thi giic cd ttie bdt dau, song song vdi phat trie'n
ngdn ngu thinh giac Nhilu y kiln eho rdng, ddy la
quan diem khai ttiac b'i tug philn didn, cd hai, nhdi
nhet va tdng ap luc cho tre; nhQng tre nhdn biet chQ
sdm, khi di hpc tieu hpc se khdng thieh nghe giang
va khdng tuan thu ki luat do khdng edn hQng thu
Tuy nhien, can hieu rdng, giai doan dau cua vide
phat trie'n ngdn ngQ ttij giac la giup tre nhin biit
40 Tap chi Gido due so 302
TS NGUYEN TH! XUAN YJN"
mat chu C i n xem vide nhdn biet mat chQ eiia tre
nhu vide nhdn biet ngudi, vdt, rd't ty nhien, khdng
dp lye, khdng nhdi nhet Thye trang tre da nhdn bilt ChQ sdm mat hung thu, md't tinh ki ludt khi hpc tieu hpe ehi xay ra d nhQng em chi don thuin hpe nhan bilt chQ ma chua dupc phat trie'n sang giai dogn dpc hieu
Trong giai dogn dlu giup tre nhdn bilt mgt chQ, dilu quan trpng la xdy dyng dupe dtre mdt hanh vi, mdt tlidi quen tdt vd tao cho fre hdng thu Tre can biet trong cudc sd'ng nay cd chQ, hiimg thu vdi vide nhdn bilt mat chQ gidng nhu tre quen nhin ngudi, nhin "vdf, hdng ttiu nhdn bilt ngudi, nhan bilt "vdf, Vige giup tre nhdn bilt mat chQ ein xem Id mpt
bd phdn cua giao dye td chit eo ban, Id mdt trd choi, khdng cin xdy dyng myc tieu va tiln dp, khdng cin tidu ehi danh gia ddng nhd't cho td't ca tre eung tudi Oilu mong dpi trong glal doan dau la su hdng thu ciia tre dd'i vdi chQ chQ khdng phai Id tre da nhdn bilt dupc bao nhidu chu Chinh vi vdy, tre hpc nhgn biet chQ phai tii mdi tmdng sinh hoat xung quanh, bdng phuang phdp "lan tmyIn mdi tmdng", kich thich hiing khdi, tieh cyc cd vu, chai ma hpc, O l mdi tmdng sinh hoat xung quanh tre ludn cd chQ, ngudi kin can tao cac phuang tidn d l kilm, d l lam nhu the chQ, bang vilt, phd'n, tranh chQ, ; gdn the chQ vtii
"vdf, ddt trong nha, trong Idp Cde vdt ndy se khich thieh uu ttii ghi nhd vd thQc cila tre, giup tre din vdi chQ vilt mdt each tu nhien Ngudi Idn vui ve chi va dpe eho tte xem va nghe nhung khdng ein giai ttiich (mdi chQ ehi vd dpc vdi lan mdi ngdy) Cin tan dyng ttidt^de ngoai canh "gdy anh hudng dd'n vigc hgc chu" Chdng hgn, khi eho tre dn kem, de tre vui ve nhdn bilt chQ "kem"; di choi vdi tre trong vudn thu, nhin thd'y con khi, con vol, viet chQ "kh?', ehu "vor de tre nhdn biet; cung xem ti vi vdi tre, giup tre nhdn biet cac ChQ trdn man hinh Nhu vdy, tre khdng chi hpe mdt each vui ve ma cdn linh hdi nhanh, nhd nhanh,
do dd se dem lai hieu qua eao
Giai doan dau giup tre nhan biet mit chQ can gdn vdi vide day be phat dm, day nghe, ndi Vige phat
am, ndi cda tre can to, rd rang bdl dpc to cd the viia 'BpGnodKfaBaotao
(ki2-1/2013)
Trang 2sQdyng ttij giac, viia sudyng ttiinh giac, taiddcdk)i
cho kha nang chu y, ki tic, ii giai, cd Ipi cho bdi dudng
tam li phdng khoang cua tre Mudn vdy, ngudi Idn
phai ttiich dpc to, tre nhd nghe ttiay, nhin ttiay se
bdt chudc mpt each vd thuc, din din hinh ttianh sd
ttiich dpc saeh, hi "ttiinh gia" chuye'n sang "dpe gia"
Hinh ttianh dupc ttidi quen ttiich sach, ttiich dpc saeh
chinh la tdi san vd tan cua cudc ddi tre
Sau khi tre dd cd hiing thu vdi vide dpc, da nhdn
bilt dupc mat chQ, ngudi Idn can nhanh chdng
chuyen sang giai doan giup tre dpc hid'u Ope hieu
cd ttii ttiuc day sy phat triln kha nang nghe ndi, giup
be kham pha "ve dgp ben trong" cila ngdn ngu ttij
giac Nlu vigc nhan bilt mat chQ sdm lam phat biln
tinh chii y, phat trie'n tri nhd, tinh i^uan sat cho tre thi
vi$c giup tre dpc hie'u se phat tridn tinh suy ludn, tii
h;png ta;dng Nhung tri thde thu dupc tu vide dpe hilu
tQ nhd se ed an tupng rat sdu dam trong cupc diii
mdi con ngudi va v l Idu dai se phat huy tac dyng
Bdl, dpc hid'u trong thdi ki sdm cd anh hudng rat Idn
ddi vdi phat trien ngdn ngu, phat trie'n tu duy KT ndng
sir dyng ngdn ngQ eua tre 6uqc vi nhu chia khda
vang, giiip tre md canh cda tri tug, ndng eao nang
k/c ty hpc, tie'p thu nin van hda, vdn hidn cila ddn
tgc, ndm bdt tri ttiQc cua nhdn toai
Oedgy tre dpc hid'u, tmde hit phai ehpn ndi dung
Npi dung tre dpc phai dac bidt sinh dpng, hdp ddn;
cau cd cd'u tnic don gian, dpc len cd dm dieu; chu
viet Idn Tmygn tranh, tho va van van (ddc bidt la
nhung tac phd'm giau dm thanh, nhip digu, tilt tdu)
la tai ligu tdt nhd't trong giai doan nay Cd the de tre
thudng thde tranh tn;dc, doan cdu chuydn trong
tranh ho$c cdu dd trong sach, sau dd mdi dpe O l u
tidn, tre dpe ttieo kie'u "dpc vgt", nhung, tre vdn cam
nhgn dupc ve dgp ngdn ngQ ciia bai van, bai tho
qua ngQ dm (van, lugt) Sau dd, vdi kha nang ghi
nhd d'n tupng vd ttiQc cap, tre se nhgn biet dupe
m$t chu Cung vdi vd'n sd'ng dupe tieh luy dan, tre
se cam nhdn dupc "ve dgp ben trong" cua ngdn
ngQ thj giac, cang ydu thich vide dpc sach Khi tre
dpc sach can dupe yeu eau ngdi dung tu the' Ngudi
kim cd ttie dung ngdn tay trd hoae que chi de ehi
taing chu, chi chu nao, dpc chQ dd Oau tidn ngudi
kin dpc, tre dpc theo, sau khi dpc theo vai lan, nen
khich Ig tre ty dpc Khi tre da cd bilu hign thanh
thyc, ngudi Idn khdng cin chi chQ, tre cd the tn/c
tilp dpc Vigc dQC to thanh tilng se chuye'n sang
dpc thim, dpc bdng mdt Tre se dupe luydn cac kT
ndng nay khi hpc dpc vdi tu each la mdt mdn hpc
trong nha tn/dng tid'u hpc
Dgy tre nhdn bilt mat chu va dpc hilu bdt budc kit hpp vdi vide xdy dyng tinh each, phd'm chat dao ddc tdt thi mdi thanh cdng Cac ddc tinh: vui ve, hoat bat, chuyen tdm, ti mi, cham chi, cau tie'n, ta; tin, khdng sp khd khdn, nhiet tinh, hod ddng se dupc hinh thanh trong qua trinh phdt trie'n ngdn ngu thj gide cho tre
Chu ddng phdt triln sdm ngdn ngu thj gide cho tre la sdm xdy dung thdi quen thich sach, ttiich dpc saeh, gdp phln hinh thanh van hda dpc - van hda dang ed nguy co bj gkii tre lang qudn •
(ki2-1/2013) •
Tai li$u tham khdo
1 Hodng PhS Logic ngdn nga hpc, NXB Khoa htfc
xdh^i,U 1989
2 Robert J Marzano Ngh$ thuSt vi khoa hpc day
hpc NXB Gido diic Vift Nam, H 2011
3 Phiing DIIC Todn Phuong an 0 tudi: phat tri^n
ngOn ngu' tdr trong ndi NXB Lao d^ng - Xd hdi,
H.2011
4 NguySn Quang USn (chii biSn) TSm li hpc dai
cuong NXB Gido dif c, H 1996
SUMMARY
Today, the reading culture is in danger of degra-dation and neglected by the young Therefore, the maintenance and development of reading culture for young people is essential Early development of the visual language for chUdren as measures to address the root of the problem Because, the early develop-ment of visual language contribute to the formation
of youth culture reading
Che tao va Sir dung
(Tiep theo tmng 57)
3 Trdn Ngpc Oanh NghiSn ciu thiit ki, khai thde vd
si dung thi nghiim tu tao trong day hpc vdt ll chuong
CO hpc v(lt li ldp 8 & trudng trung hpc casd vung nii
tfnh Qudng Tri Ludn v5n thstc si, Tru&ng D?i hpc su
pham Hu^, 2010
4 NguySn Dtre Thdm Phuong phap d^y hpc vit U &
truong phd thOng NXB Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2002
SUMMARY
As the trend towards innovative teaching meth-ods in high schools is growing, one of the require-ments is to enhance the use of experirequire-ments and visual aids in teaching This article we reseach making and using selfcreated-experiments to investigate f^enom-enon of the stationary wave on the elastic in high schools physics, grade 12
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