Thay vi chi tap trung vao mdt vai chi sd lien quan den tang tmdng kinh te cd tinh tmyen thdng nhu GDP de darih gia su tien bd xa hdi, bao cao phat trien con ngudi nam 1990 da dua ra ch
Trang 1^
BAO CAO PHAT TRIEN CON NGl/dl 2010:
XU HU"6NG P H A T T R I E N CON NGl/Ol VA M O T SO
THAY DOI TRONG TINH TOAN CAC CHI SO
NGUYEN DINH TUAN
Nam 1990, danh dau mpt budc ngoat quan trpng trong qua trinh khang dinh vai trd
cua con ngudi trong qua trinh phat trien vdd sy ra ddd cua bao cao phat trien con ngudi
(Human Development Report - HDR) Bao cao da mang lai cho nhan loai mpt each
nhin, mdt quan diem va mdt phuang phap tiep can mdi ve phat trien day du hon, toan
dien hon va nhan van hon Thay vi chi tap trung vao mdt vai chi sd lien quan den tang
tmdng kinh te cd tinh tmyen thdng nhu GDP de darih gia su tien bd xa hdi, bao cao phat
trien con ngudi nam 1990 da dua ra chi sd phat trien eon ngudi (HDI) tap trung yao 3
yeu td: tudi thg, giao dye va thu nhap de danh gia sy tien bd cua xa hdi Ke tii dd den
nay, bao cao phat trien con ngudi ludn thu hiit su quan tam cua cac nha lanh dao, cac
nha hoach dinh chinh sach va cac nha khoa hgc d nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi Dieu do,
dugc the hien thdng qua viec xay dung cac bao cao phat trien con ngudi cap khu -vuc va
cap qudc gia Tinh den nay da ed hon 130 qudc gia tren the gidi xay dung bao cao phat
trien con ngudi vdi tren 600 bao cao
Nam 2010 - ky niem 20 nam phat hanh bao cao phat trien con ngudi cua Chuang
trinh phat trien Lien hgp qudc (UNDP) Trai qua 20 nam, quan diem phat trien con
ngudi va chi sd HDI da dugc cdng ddng the gidi ddn nhan mdt each rdng rai Vdd quan
diem va each tiep can mdi ve phat trien, bao cao phat trien con ngudi da cd tac ddng
tich cyc den quan diem va chinh saeh phat trien cua nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi Nam
nay bao cao phat triln eon ngudi mdt lan niia tai khang dinh quan diem va each tiep can
diing dan ve phat trien con ngudi - "con ngu&i chinh la cita cdi ciia moi quoc gid"
Bao cao nam 2010, mdt mat ra soat, danh gia lai nhiing thanh tyu va thach thiic cdn
tdn tai trong phat trien con ngudi, mat khac di vao phan tieh nhiing tac ddng ve mat
chinh saeh ddi vdi phat trien con ngudi mdt each cd he thdng d cap do toan cau va cap
do qudc gia
Bai viet nay gidi thieu khai quat ve mdt so thay ddi trong each tinh toan cac chi sd
lien quan den phat trien con ngudi va xu hudng phat trien con ngudi tren the gidi thdng
qua bao cao phat trien con ngudi 2010
1 Xu huong phat trien con ngiroi tren the gioi
Nhin nhan ve xu hudng phat trien 40 nam qua cho thay, chi sd HDI trung binh cua ca
* ThS.; Vi^n Nghien ciru Con ngudi
Trang 2thl gidi da tang 41% kl tfr nam 1970 va 18%) kl tfr 1990 Trong dd, khu vuc Ddng A va Thai Binh Duong la khu 'vuc dat dugc nhieu tien bd nhat ve chi sd HDI - tang 0,260 -diem (tfr 0,383 nam 1980 Ien 0,643 nam 2010), cdn khu 'vuc chau Phi can Sahara tien bg cham nhit - tang 0,096 diim (til 0,293 nam 1980 Ien 0,389 nam 2010)
Trong 135 qudc gia dugc chgn lam mau tinh toan chi sd HDI cho giai doan
1970-2010 (vdi 92%) dan sd the gidi) chi cd 3 qudc gia (CHDC Cdng-gd, Zambia va Zimbabue) ed chi sd HDI hien nay thap hem nam 1970, cdn lai hau het cac qudc gia it nhieu deu cd su tien bg
Miroi quoc gia co sir cai thien ve HDI, HDI phi thu nhap va thu nhap
Thir
hang
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Cai thien ve
HDI Oman
Trung Qudc
Nepal
Indonesia
A rap Xe lit
CHDCND Lao
Tunisia
Han Qudc
Angeri
Morocco
HDI phi thu nhap Oman
Nepal
A rap Xe lit Lybi Angeri Tunisia Iran Ethiopia Han Qudc Indonesia
Thu nhap Trung Qudc Botswana Han Qudc Hdng Kdng, TQ Malaysia
Indonesia Malta Viet Nam Mauritius AnDd
Nguon: Human Development Report 2010
10 qudc gia cd tien bd nhanh nhat trong phat trien con ngudi 40 nam qua la: Oman, Tnmg Qudc, Nepal, Indonesia, A rap Xe ut, Lao, Tunisia, Han Quoc, Angeri, Morocco
Su tien bg cua cac qudc gia nay chu yeu nhd vao tang nhanh trong thu nhap va tiln bg trong khia canh phi thu nhap (giao due, y te) Trong do, Tmng Qudc, Indonesia va Han Qudc - la cac qudc gia nhd vao tang tmdng nhanh trong thu nhap, cdn Oman, Nepal, Tunisia - la cac qudc gia nhd vao su tien bd til khia canh phi thu nhap Ben canh cac qudc gia cd su tien bg nhanh ve HDI thi van cdn nhilu qudc gia mile do tiln bg cdn cham nhu cac nudc thugc khdi Lien bang Xd viet cfi - noi ti le tu vong d ngudi ldn dang gia tang va cac nudc d khu vuc chau Phi can Sahara bi hoanh hanh bdi dai dich HIV Trong thanh tuu ve thu nhap, Tnmg Quoc la quoc gia dat dugc thanh tuu ldn nhit Thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi cua Trung Qudc tang 21 lin trong vdng 4 thap ky qua, tuy nhien Trung Qudc lai khdng phai la qude gia diing diu trong danh sach 10 qudc gia ndi bat nhat ve phat triln con ngudi do chua cai thien dugc nhilu ti le nhap hgc va tudi thg trung binh Viet Nam trong 4 thap ky qua thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi cung tang 5 lan va dugc xlp d vi tri thii 8 trong 10 qudc gia diing diu vl cai thien thu nhap Day cd the coi la mdt thanh cdng trong chinh sach phat triln kinh tl ciia nudc ta trong nhting
64 NghlSn ciiu Con ngudl sd 1 (52) 2011
Trang 3nam -vfra qua Nhung Viet Nam ciing gidng nhu Hdng Kdng - Trung Qudc, Malaysia hay An Do la nhting quoc gia cd tiln bd trong thu nhap (diing d nhdm 10 qudc gia) nhung lai khdng dung d nhdm 10 quoc gia cd tien bd ve phat trien con ngudi do chua cai thien nhieu trong khia canh phi thu nhap
Trong ITnh -vuc y te, 4 thap ky qua the gidi da dat nhieu tien bd dang khich le, tudi thg binh quan tang, trong dd khu -vuc Ddng A va Thai Binh Duong dat thanh tuu nay tdt nhat (trung binh 59 tudi vao nam 1970 tang len thanh 73 tudi vao nam 2010) C) Viet Nam, tudi thg binh quan tang nhanh chdng tfr 49 tudi vao nam 1970 len 75 tudi vao
2010 Hien nay, tien bd trong ITnh -vuc y te tren the gidi dang cd xu hudng cham lai do nhting thut lui rat dang ke d mgt sd qudc gia bdd tinh trang HIV va ty le til vong d ngudi ldn tang
LTnh -vuc giao due cting cd nhiing tien bg rat to ldn, the hien khdng chi d cai thien ve mat sd lugng ma cdn the hien d su binh dang trong viec tiep can giao due gitia tre nam
va tre nu Khu -vuc Ddng A va Thai Binh Duong cfing la khu vue cd su tien bg nhieu nhat trong giao due the hien qua ty le biet chii, tang tu 53% nam 1970 len 94% nam
2010
2 Nhirng thay doi va sir bo sung trong each tinh toan cac chi so
Nam trong muc tieu khdng ngung hoan thien bd cdng cu do dac chi sd HDI, bao cao phat trien eon ngudi nam nay da cd sy dieu chinh trong each tinh toan chi sd HDI va bd sung them 3 chi sd mdi (IHDI, GII, MPI) nham the hien nhfrng khia canh quan trgng cua su phan bd an sinh, dd la bat binh dang, binh dang gidi va ngheo ddi da chieu Viec
bd sung them 3 chi sd mdi cho phep tiep can dugc nhieu sd lieu phong phii hon, phan anh dugc nhieu khia canh hon trong phat trien con ngudi
* Thay doi trong cdch tinh chi so phdt trien con ngir&i (HDI)
So vdd ribiing nam trudc, each tinh chi sd HDI nam nay cd su thay ddi d thudc
do ve kien thiic va mile sdng 6 thudc do ve kien thilc, chi tieu sd nam di hgc trung binh
va sd nam hgc du kien thay cho ti le biet chft d ngudi ldn va tdng ti le di hgc Cdn d thudc do muc sdng hgp ly, chi tieu GNI/dau ngudi thay cho GDP/dau ngudi
' , ! Cuoc song khoe manh
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MiJc s5ng hppiv GNI/dau nguW _ (PPPUSD)_
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Oil so ph^t trien con ngu^i (HDI)
Do cd su thay ddi vl cac chi tieu va each tinh nen chi sd HDI nam 2010 khdng dung
de so sanh vdd chi sd HDI cua cac nam trade Su thay ddi nay cting lam thay ddi sd diim xlp hang d cac nhdm phat trien con ngudi khac nhau (phat triln con ngudi rit cao
Trang 4phat trien con ngudi cao, phat trien con ngudi trung binh va phat trien con ngudi thap)
so vdi nam 2009
Theo each tinh mdi, 5 vi tri dilng dau ve chi sd HDI nam nay la Nauy, Australia, My, New Zealand va Ireland So vdi nam 2009, cd 2 vi tri thay ddi - vi tri sd 3 va sd 4 (My
va New Zealand thay vi tri cua Iceland va Canada) Cdn 5 vi tri cudi cung nam nay thugc vl Mozambique, Burundi, Niger, Congo va Zimbabwe
d khu -vuc Ddng Nam A, cd 2 qudc gia nim trong nhdm phat triln con ngudi rat cao
la Singapore - thil 27 (0,846 diim) va Brunei - thii 37 (0,805 diim); 1 qudc gia nim trong nhdm phat triln con ngudi cao la Malaysia - thil 57 (0,744 diim); 7 qudc gia nim trong nhdm phat triln con ngudi tmng binh la Thai Lan thil 92 (0,654), Philippines -thil 97 (0,638 diim), hidonesia - thu 108 (0,600 diim), Viet Nam - -thil 113 (0,572 diim), Ddng timor - thil 120 (0,502 diim), Lao - thil 122 (0,497 diim), Campuchia - thil
124 (0,494 diim); va cudi cfmg la Myamar - thil 132 (0,451 diim), thudc nhdm phat trien eon ngudi thap
Nhu vay, so vdi cac qudc gia trong khu 'vuc Viet Nam chi dung d vi tri thil 7/11 qudc gia vl chi sd HDI Trong nhting nam tdi dl cd nhung budc tiln vl phat trien con ngudi trong khu vuc, ben canh viec nang cao mile sdng cho ngudi dan thi Viet Nam can phai quan tam ban ntia den ITnh -vyc y te va giao dye
* Chi so phdt trien con ngifdi co dieu chinh bat binh dang (IHDI)
Chi sd phat triln con ngudi cd dieu chinh bat binh dang (Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index - IHDI) la mgt trong 3 chi sd mdi (chi sd IHDI, chi so GII va chi sd MPI) dugc UNDP dua vao bao cao phat trien con ngudi nam 2010 nham lam rd hon cac khia canh trong phat triln eon ngudi Chi sd IHDI cho phep nhin nhan su tae ddng cua bit binh dang din phat trien con ngudi Chi sd IHDI dugc tinh toan dua tren each tinh cua chi sd HDI vdi 3 khia canh (cudc sdng khde manh, kien thilc va mile sdng hgp ly) nhung cd tinh den van de bat binh dSng Theo do, mgt xa hgi dugc coi la binh dang hoan hao khi chi sd IHDI bang chi sd HDI Ngugc lai, neu ed su chenh lech gitia chi sd IHDI va chi sd HDI thi xa hdi dd cd su bat binh dang va muc do chenh lech cang ldn thi bat binh dang cang ldn Cach tinh toan chi sd IHDI dugc the hien d so do nhu sau:
:Thudc do
I Chi tieu
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valau dAi Kien thirc
Tu^ithp S6 nam di hpc
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CNI/d^u ngu6ri (PPP USD)
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: 11161 thp frung binh j S5 nSm di hpc Thu nh|p/ti€u dCing
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dieu chinh BBD
Chi s6 tuoi thp dieu chinh BBD
i:
Chi so gao due dieu chinh bat binh ding
Chis6thunh|p diki chinh BBD
i-\ Chis6FTCNdi^chinhBBD(lrt)l)
66 NghlSn ciiv Con ngudl sd 1 (52) 2011
Trang 5Khi dua them khia canh bit binh dang vao chi sd HDI, cd the thay, hau bet eac qudc
gia diu ed "thit thoat" vl chi sd HDI va eac chi sd thanh phan (giao dye, tudi thg va thu
nhap) Mile thit thoat trung binh cua chi sd HDI do bat binh dang tren toan the gidi la
21,7% - dilu dd cd nghTa la chi sd HDI toan cau nam 2010 giam tfr 0,62 xudng edn
0,49 Mile thit thoat cua chi s l HDI dao ddng tfr 6,1% (CH Sec) din 45,3%
(Mozambique) Cdn miic that thoat d chi sd giao due til 1,3% (CH Sec) din 49,8%
(Yemen), d chi sd tudi thg tfr 3,5%o (Iceland) den 58,8% (Afghanistan) va d chi sd thu
nhap tfr 4,4% (Azerbaijan) den 68,3% (Namibia)
Cd su ddng thuan gifia cac nhdm phat trien con ngudi vdd miic do that thoat ve chi sd
HDI khi dua them khia canh bat binh dang - dd la phat trien con ngudi cang cao thi mile
do that thoat cang thap va ngugc Iai Chang ban, d nhdm phat triln con ngudi rit cao ti
le that thoat chi la 10,2%), trong khi do nhdm phat trien eon ngudi thap la 32,0% Dilu
nay cho thay bat binh dang van la mdt thach thiic ldn ddi vdi eae nudc cd mile do phat
trien con ngudi thap
Xem xet ve sy that thoat chi sd HDI cua cae khu vyc tren the gidi (khi dua them khfa
canh bat binh dang) thi ehau Au va trung A la noi cd mile that thoat thap nhat (13,6%),
cdn khu 'vyc chau Phi can sa mac Sahara cd miic that thoat ldn nhat (32,0%) Trong su
that thoat ve cac ehi sd thanh phan thi khu vuc chau Phi can sa mac Sahara ciing la noi
cd miic that thoat ldn nhat ve ehi sd tudi thg (40,8%), cac nudc A-rap cd mile that thoat
ldn nhat ve chi sd giao dye (43,4%)), cdn ehau My Latinh va khu vuc Ca-ri-be la noi cd
mile that thoat ldn nhat ve chi sd thu nhap (37,6%)
Trong khu vyc Ddng Nam A khdng ke Singapore, Bmnei, Malaysia va Myamar (do
khdng ed sd lieu vl IHDI) thi Viet Nam la nudc cd muc that thoat chi sd HDI thap nhat
(16,4%), cdn Ddng timor cd mile that thoat cao nhat (33,3%) Trong cac chi sd thanh
phan, thit thoat d chi sd tudi thg thap nhat la Thai Lan (9,5%)) va cao nhat la Ddng timor
(34,3%); thit thoat d chi sd giao due thap nhat la Philippines (12,9%) va cao nhat la
Ddng timor (44,3%); thit thoat trong ehi sd thu nhap thap nhat la Viet Nam (18,2%) va
cao nhit la Thai Lan (34,0%)
* Citi so bat binli ddng gi&i (GII)
Chi sd bat binh dang gidi (Gender Inequality Index - GII) dugc cac chuyen gia
cua UNDP dua ra nhim the hien rd hon su khac biet gitia phu nti va nam gidi ve cac
thanh tyu dat dugc Qua dd ed the nhan thay su bat binh dang gidi da tac ddng den phat
trien eon ngudi d mdi cdng ddng nhu the nao
Khac vdi chi sd phat trien gidi (GDI) dugc edng bd hang nam trong cac bao cao phat
triln con ngudi trudc do, chi sd GII dugc tinh toan dua tren 3 khia canh sirc khde, trao
quyin va thi tradng lao ddng vdi 5 chi tieu va 5 thudc do chi sd Tfr viec tinh toan dugc
5 chi sd (chi so siic khde cua phy nfr, chi sd trao quyen cua phu nfr, chi sd thi tradng lao
ddng cua phu nfr, chi sd trao quyen cua nam gidi, chi sd thi trudng lao ddng cua nam
gidi) se tinh toan tilp cbi sd gidi cua phu nii, cua nam gidi va cudi cfing la chi sd bat
binh dang gidi (GII)
Trang 6Thuac do
Chi tieu
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Sirc khoe Trao quven Tile Tisuat Tile giao due Tile so bametu sinh san trung hoc nu dai bieu qu6c vong I thanh nien vanam hpi nu vanam
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ChisSSK sinh san ciia phu nix
Chi so Chi so Chiso trao quyen ciia thi truang ID trao quyen
ciia phu nir cua nam giai
so thi truang
LD cuanam nai Chi so giai ciia nam giai
Chi so bat binh dang giai (GH)
Ciing gidng nhu chi sd HDI hay GDI, chi sd GII nhan gia tri tfr 0 den 1 Tuy nhien, y nghTa cua viec nhan gia tri tfr 0 den 1 cua chi sd GII khac vdi chi sd HDI va GDI NIU chi sd HDI va GDI ed gia tri cang gan den 1 thi mile do phan anh ve phat trien con ngudi va phat trien gidi cang tdt, cdn chi sd GII gia tri cang gan den 1 thi cang eho thay mile do bat binh gidi dang cao, ngugc lai, chi sd GII d cdng dd ed gia tri cang gin 1 thi tinh trang bat binh dang gidi d cdng ddng do cang thap
Trong nhdm cac qudc gia cd binh dang gidi cao thi Ha Lan la nudc dilng diu (chi so GII la 0,174), sau dd la Dan Mach (chi sd Gil la 0,209), Thuy Diin (chi sd GII la 0,212), Thuy ST (chi sd GII la 0,228) va Nauy (chi sd GII la 0,234) Cac qudc gia bit binh ding cao nhit la Yemen (0,853 - xlp tin! 138/138), CHDC Cdng-gd (0,814 - xlp thli 137/138), Niger (0,807 - xlp thil 136/138), Mah (0,799 - xlp thir 135/138) va Afghanistan (0,797 - xep thu 134/138) Nam A va ehau Phi can sa mac Sahara la nhfing khu vyc cd chi sd GH cao nhat (0,739 va 0,735) Cdn Ddng A va Thai Binh Ducmg la khu vuc cd chi sd GII thap hon (0,467)
Xem xet chi sd HDI va chi sd GH cho thay, nhiing qudc gia cd thanh tuu phat triln con ngudi tdt ciing la nhting qudc gia cd su bat binh ding gidi thip (chi so GII cua nhdm phat trien eon ngudi rat cao la 0,319) Ngugc lai, nhfing quic gia ed thanh tuu phat trien con ngudi thip la nhiing qudc gia cd su bit bmh ding gidi cao (Chi sd GH cua nhdm phat trien con ngudi la 0,748) Qua day cho thiy van dl bit binh ding gidi van la mdt rao can ldn ddi vdi phat trien con ngudi d nhilu qudc gia tren thl gidi
Bat binh dang gidi d Viet Nam dugc danh gia d mile trung binh (chi sd GII la 0,530
- xep thli 58/138) So vdd eac nudc tirong khu vuc Ddng Nam A ngoai trfr Branel, Ddng tunor va Myamar (do khdng ed sd lieu vl GII), Viet Nam dung thii 3 sau Singapore (0,225 - xlp thfr 10/138) va Malaysia (0,493 - xlp thir 50/138)
* Chi so ngheo kho da chieu (MPI)
Cung vdd chi sd IHDI va chi sd GII, chi sd ngheo khd da chieu (Multidimensional
68 NghiSn ciiu Con nguHsdl (52) 2011
Trang 7Poverty Index - MPIs) ciing la chi sd lan dau tien dugc UNDP dua vao tinh toan trong bao cao phat triln con ngudi nam 2010, thay the cho chi sd HPI (chi sd ngheo khd tdng hgp) Chi sd MPI phan anh su ngheo khd khdng chi don thuan d chieu canh thu nhap,
ma cdn d nhieu chieu canh khac nhau Nd cho phep xac dinh nhting thieu thdn chdng chit nghiem trgng ve sue khde, giao due va thu nhap d cap hd gia dinh Chi sd MPI giiip cho cac qudc gia hay cac cdng ddng biet dugc mile do ngheo khd va sd lugng ngudi ngheo phai chiu dung nhting thieu thdn nhat dinh trong ddd sdng
Chi sd MPI dugc tinh toan dya tren 3 khia canh lien quan den chi sd HDI - do la sue khde, giao due va mile sdng Trong dd, siic khde dugc tinh toan dua tren 2 chi tieu la dinh dudng va ti le tu vong tre em; giao due dugc tinh toan dya tren 2 chi tieu la sd nam
di hgc va ti le tre em di hgc; cdn mile sdng duge tinh toan dua tren 6 chi tieu la nhien lieu dung de dun nau, nha ve sinh, nude, dien, nha va tai san cd dinh
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So sanh thang diim gitia chi sd HPI va chi sl MPI cho thiy cd su khae nhau, trong khi chi so HPI nhan gia tri tir 0 din 100 thi chi sd MPI nhan gia tri til 0 din 1 Tuy nhien, gifra chiing cfing cd diim chung ve each giai thich cac gia tri - dd la gia tri nhd phan anh trinh do phat triln con ngudi tdt, ngugc lai, gia tri ldn phan anh trinh do phat triln con ngudi kem Trong bao eao phat trien con ngudi nam 2010, cd 103 qude gia du dir lieu dl tinh toan ehi sd MPI trong giai doan 2000-2008 Trong dd, CH Sec, Slovakia, Belams la cac qude gia khdng cd ngudi nao roi vao "ngheo da chieu" nen eac qudc gia nay cd chi sd MPI tdt nhit (chi so MPI bing 0,000), cdn Niger, Ethiopia va Mali la cac qude gia cd ti le ngheo da chiiu cao nhit (Niger 92,7%; Ethiopia 90,0% va Mali -87,1%) vdi chi sd MPI lin lugt la: 0,642; 0,582; 0,564 Ty le ngheo da ehilu d nudc ta
la 14,3% (chi so MPI la 0,075) - thugc nhdm ty le ngheo da ehilu thip
3 Thay loi ket
Trong 20 nam qua vdi nhfing chu dl khac nhau, bao cao phat trien con ngudi cua UNDP da cd tac dgng khdng nhd din quan diem, chinh sach va chien lugc phat trien cua nhilu qude gia tren thl Nhilu quic gia da dat ra cac myc tieu, chien lugc cu the trong phat triln nhim hudng din mye tieu phat trien vi eon ngudi Dieu nay giiip cho da
sl ngudi dan cd nhilu co hdi ban de nang cao miic sdng, nang cao trinh do hgc van va nang cao siic khde Ngudi dan d nhieu qudc gia cting cd tieng ndi ban trong viec xay
Trang 8dung cac chinh sach phat trien ciia cdng ddng Xu hudng phat triln con ngudi cua hau het cac qudc gia tren the gidi trong 20 nam qua deu cd chiiu hudng tang, trong do khu vuc Ddng A va Thai Binh Duong la khu 'vuc dat dugc nhieu tien bd nhat ve phat trien con ngudi Ben canh nhting thanh tuu do cting cdn nhiing van de ddi hdi cac qudc gia can phai quan tam trong qua trinh phat trien nhu van de bat binh dang, van de ngheo ddi, van de mdi tradng, van de bien ddi khi hau
Cung vdi viec xac dinh va phan tich nhung van dl anh hudng den phat tirien con ngudi, bao cao phat trien con ngudi ciing ludn cd su bd sung cac chi sd mdi vao he thdng cac chi sd phan anh kha nang phat trien con ngudi Bao cao phat trien con ngudi nam 2010 (ky niem 20 nam bao cao phat triln con ngudi) da gidi thieu them 3 chi sd mod (Chi sd phat trien con ngudi cd dieu chinh khia canh bat binh dang gidi - IHDI; chi
sd bat bmh ding gidi - GII; chi sl ngheo da chieu - MPI) Viec bd sung 3 chi sd nay trong giai doan hien nay la het sue can thiet - khi ma van de bat binh dang dang cd xu hudng gia tang d phan ldn cac qudc gia tren the gidi Ba chi sd nay ciing cho phep tiep can dugc vdd nhieu ngudn sd lieu hon, phan anh sat thuc ban vdd thuc tien phat trien con ngudi cua cac qudc gia
Tai lieu tham khao
Human Development Report 2010
7 0 NghlSn ciiu Con ngudl sdi (52) 2011