digital logic design book by p raja

... configurable by designer/user – Design with PLD is via a CAD tool Dr D J Jackson Lecture 1-8 Electrical & Computer Engineering Types of chips • Custom-designed chips – Optimized for a specific ... Electrical & Computer EngineeringTwo & three variable properties Two & three variable properties Trang 20Dr D J Jackson Lecture 3-7 Electrical & Computer EngineeringInduction proof of ... (algebraic manipulation) • Algebraic manipulation can be used to simplify Boolean expressions – Simpler expression => simpler logic circuit • Not practical to deal with complex expressions in

Ngày tải lên: 27/03/2014, 20:00

... Trang 1TP.HCM 2007 dce Digital Logic Design 1 FLIP-FLOP 2009 dce Introduction • So far we have seen Combinational Logic – The output(s) depends only on the current values of the input variables ... flip-flops: (a) PGT; (b) NGT The duration of the CLK* pulses is typically 2–5 ns Clocked J-K Flip-Flop • Operates like the S-R FF J is set, K is clear. • When J and K are both high the output ... Clocked D Flip-Flop • One data input. • The output changes to the value of the input at either the positive going or negative going clock trigger. 2009 dce Edge-triggered D flip-flop implementation

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 21:11

... inputs x, y and z and three outputs A, B and C, when the binary input is 0, 1, 2 or 3, the binary output is two greater than the input When the binary input is 4, 5, 6 or 7, the binary output ... input Trang 7Design a combinational circuit with three inputs x, y and z and three outputs A, B and C, when the binary input is 0, 1, 2 or 3, the binary output is two greater than the input ... binary input is 4, 5, 6 or 7, the binary output is three less than the input Trang 8Design a combinational circuit with three inputs x, y and z and three outputs A, B and C, when the binary input

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 13:52

... represent a function: Trang 5Combinational logic design° Use multiple representations of logic functions ° Use graphical representation to assist in simplification of function ° Use concept ... 26Optimization – BCD-to-Excess-3° Lay out K-maps for each output, W X Y Z ° A step in the digital circuit design process. Trang 27Placing 1 on K-maps° Where are the minterms located on a K-Map? ... circuits from problem descriptions 1 Determine number of inputs and outputs 2 Determine truth table format 3 Determine K-map 4 Determine minimal SOP o There may be multiple outputs per design o Solve

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 14:29

... single clock pulse, the loading is parallelFor each I that is equal to 1, the corresponding flip-flop inputs are S = 1, R = 0 For each I that is equal to 0, the corresponding flip-flop inputs are ... registers are designated by variables x and y Two inputs, x and y, that provide a pair of significant bits, an output S that generates the sum bit, and Hip-flop Q for storing the carry The present ... feedback connection in each flip-flop is necessary when a D type is used because a D flip-flop does not have a "no change" input condition. Trang 6Sequential-Logic Implementation Since registers

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 15:09

... Network for Example 1: ABAB Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification Trang 24Simplification Using Boolean Algebra.Gate Network for Example 1: B+AC C B+AC ACA B Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification ... Using Boolean Algebra.Example 4: Using Boolean algebra techniques, simplify the following expression: C B A AC Trang 31Boolean Algebra and Logic SimplificationExample 4: Simplify the following Boolean ... Expressing Boolean functions ° Relationships between algebraic equations, symbols, and truth tables ° Simplification of Boolean expressions ° Minterms and Maxterms ° AND-OR representations • Product

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 15:12

... INVERTER, the operation symbol is not changed) Trang 28Positive Logic and Negative LogicWe will be emphasizing primarily on positive logic in this course Trang 29Axioms and Graphical representation ... operation is , i.e. Trang 15simply the complement ofthe XOR gate. ° The switching algebra symbol for this operation is , i.e. Trang 16XOR Implementation by NANDTrang 17XNOR Implementation by ... negative logic • We use primarily positive logic in this course. Trang 3Logic functions of Nvariables ° Each truth table represents one possible function (e.g AND, OR) ° If there are N inputs,

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 15:41

... Trang 52Step 1: Take 2’s complement of 2 nd operandStep 2: Add binary numbers Step 3: Ignore carry bit 2’s comp Add Ignore Trang 532’s Complement Subtraction: Example #2 ° Let’s compute (13) ... Add carry Final Step 1: Take 1’s complement of 2 nd operand Step 2: Add binary numbers Step 3: Add carry to low order bit 1’s comp Add Trang 51Step 1: Add binary numbersStep 2: Ignore carry bit ... complement by Mano since 1’s complement for base (radix 2). • To find negative of 1’s complement number take the 1’s complement. 000011002 = 1210 111100112 = -1210 Trang 46Two’s Complement Representation

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 15:41

... switch closed - logic 0 is switch open • Outputs: - logic 1 is light on - logic 0 is light off. • NOT input: - logic 1 is switch open - logic 0 is switch closed Trang 16° Example: Logic Using Switches ... Algebra, Logic and Gates° Logical operators operate on binary values and binary variables. ° Basic logical operators are the logic functions AND, OR and NOT. ° Logic gates implement logic functions. ... of inputs ° Design problem: given a task, develop a circuit that accomplishes the task • Many possible implementation • Try to develop “best” circuit based on some criterion (size, power, performance,

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 15:51

... be represented, stored and processed by a computer Trang 16° Numbers are important to computers as they • Represent information precisely • Can be processed ° Decimal numbers are favored by humans ... Result Step 1: Take 2’s complement of 2 nd operand Step 2: Add binary numbers Step 3: Ignore carry bit 2’s comp Add Ignore Carry Trang 122’s Complement Subtraction: Example #2 ° Let’s compute (13) ... register. ° Digital logic used to process data ° We will learn to design this logic Register C Digital Logic Circuits Trang 31Transfer of Information ° Data input at keyboard ° Shifted into place °

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 18:08

... FF to FF path (NS to PS) ROM ROM Present State Next State Outputs Inputs Trang 25° ROMs provide stable storage for data ° ROMs have address inputs and data outputs • ROMs directly implement ... circuit? • Look at the FF to FF path (NS to PS) Present State Next State Outputs Inputs Trang 24ROM Implementation of a Mealy Machine ° ROMs implement combinational logic ° Note that ROMs do not ... newer types of ROMs do allow for easier writing, although the speeds still don’t compare with regular RAMs. • MP3 players, digital cameras and other toys use CompactFlash, Secure Digital,

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 18:25

... In a processor chip often a 5 to 1 ratio of datapath to control logic Trang 16Using a Datapath° Consider the following computation steps 1 ADD A, B and put result in A 2 Subtract A, B and put ... ROM to implement an n-input function ° A programmable logic array, or PLA, makes the decoder part of the ROM “programmable” too Instead of generating all minterms, you can choose which products ... control inputs ° Individual chips can be chained together to make larger ALUs ° ALUs are important parts of datapaths • ROMs often are used in the control path ° Build a data and control path Trang

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 19:02

... gate output based A B C’ Out R Trang 21Approach 1: Substitute in subexpressions  Step 2: Form a relationship based on input variables A B C’ Out R Trang 22Approach 1: Substitute in subexpressions ... (transition) in input ° As a result the change in the gate output is delayed w.r.t to the input change ° Such delay is called the propagation delay of the logic gate (t p ) ° The propagation delay ... 9Relationship Among RepresentationsHow do we convert from one to the other? Trang 10° Combinational circuit performs a specific information-processing operation fully specified logically by a set

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 20:23

... and input Output depends upon present state and input • Example: Flip-Flops etc ° A Sequential Circuit can be defined as circuit having sequential logic Sequential logic is a type of a logic ... output Output depends on input. • Example: AND,OR,NAND,NOR,XOR etc ° Sequential Circuits • Sequential circuits have input, present state, next state and output Next state depends upon present ... outside logic signal inputs to the circuit Typically, the clock is not consider part of the signal inputs of the circuit. ° Outputs – The logic signal outputs. ° Present State – the logic value

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 20:43

... Output state: 0, 1, and high-impedance (open ckts) • If the Enable input is low, the three-state gate has no output Trang 6Problem Design a 4-bit combinational circuit 2’s complementer (The output ... output C = A ° Enable Signal B = 0 the output C = Open Trang 4Three-State Buffers ° Four kinds of three-state buffers ° Can not operate: Output = Z Unclear output: Output = X Trang 5• A multiplexer ... 2’s complement of input binary number) Show that the circuit can be constructed using XOR gates Can you predict what the output functions are for a 5-bit 2’s complementer? Trang 8Problem Design

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 22:25

... Flip-FlopTrang 39T Flip-flop Implementation by JK Flip-flopTrang 40Q TTrang 41Implement JK Flip-flop by T Flip-flopTrang 43° Asynchronous design is often unavoidable: • User interfaces • Different speed ... inputs LOW a no change • both inputs HIGH a toggle Trang 33J/K Flip-Flop: Example TimingNO CHANGE SET Trang 34JK Flip-flop Implement by D Flip-flopTrang 35Clocked J-K Flip Flop ° Two data inputs, ... inputs and force the outputs to a predefined state. The Preset (PR) input forces the output to: The Clear (CLR) inpt forces the output to: 0 Q & 1 Q 1 Q & 0 Q Trang 46D Flip-Flop:

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 23:39

... the output. • A demultiplexer (DEMUX) performs the opposite task as the multiplexer: it divides one high-speed input signal into several low-speed components. • Multiplexers and demultiplexers ... the proper signals are selected. • This type of multiplexing is referred to as time-division multiplexing (TDM) Another type of multiplexing is frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) • Multiplexed ... with three-state gates • Output state: 0, 1, and high-impedance (open ckts) • If the select input (E) is 0, the three-state gate has no output Opposite true here, No output if E is 1 Trang 39° 3-State

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2020, 23:58

... analysis process is much more complicated. Cannot write a Boolean expression by inspection. Must follow a procedure to implement the analysis. Trang 4Logic Circuit Analysis1 Identify inputs and outputs ... 30Combinational logic design° Use multiple representations of logic functions ° Use graphical representation to assist in simplification of function ° Use concept of “don’t care” conditions. ° Example ... to implement the logic circuit. Standard TTL and CMOS chips Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) Trang 49Multilevel Logic Circuits Example: Realize the

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2020, 00:14

... flip flop° 2 characters are used in order to represent flip-flop input: first character represents the flip-flop input (J or K for JK flip-flop, S or R for SR flip-flop, D for D flip-flop, ... the flip-flop and the input This is explained using algebra by circuit output function • In previous example : y= (A+B)x’ ° Circuit part that generate input to flip-flop is represented by using ... flip-flop input’s function ° Flip-flop input function determine next state ° From flop input function and criteria table for flip-flop, next state of the flip-flop is obtained Trang 21° Example:

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2020, 00:30

... a 64-bit (8-byte) bus. ° Speeds are rated in megahertz: PC66, PC100 and PC133 memory run at 66MHz, 100MHz and 133MHz respectively. ° The memory bandwidth can be computed by multiplying the ... transfers per second by the size of each transfer. • PC100 can transfer up to 800MB per second (100MHz x 8 bytes/cycle). • PC133 can get over 1 GB per second. Trang 15° A newer type of memory ... 82 Apply data bits to data input lines 3 Activate write input Data output lines unused Read input signal should be inactive Delay associated with write Trang 92 Activate read inputData input

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2020, 00:35