PAST TIME PRESENT TUlE (a) I am in class today ( c ) Alice b at the library today ( e ) My friends are at home today (b) I was in class yesterday (d) Alice was at the library yesterday ( f ) My friends were at home yes&rday - SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF BE Singular Iwas you were (one person) she was he was it was H EXERCISE 1-ORAL: Plural we were you were (more than one person) they were Change the sentences to the past He was in class yesterday too Bob is in class today + I'm in class today I was in class yesterday too + Mary is at the library today The classroom is hot today We're in class today Ann is in her office today You're busy today Tom is in his office today I'm happy today 10 Ann and Tom are in their offices today Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark EXERCISE 2-ORAL ' Example: Response: Examph: Response: (BOOKS CLOSED): l l l k about today and yesterday I'm in class I'm in class today I was in class yesterday too ,, ( ) is in class 'I ( ) is in class today ShelHe was in class yesterday too ! ' I - ?*' , :; % ,a, r , " I'm in class , "" " a., (a) I (b) I ( ) is in class ( ) and ( ) are in class ( ) i s h e r e waa not in class yesterday wcrsn't in class yesterday : ~ ( ) is absent I'm tired ( ) and ( ) are (in the front row) The door is open/closed 10 It's hotlcold J! i R." We're in class .P , * NEGATIM! C O ~ C T I O Nwaa + not = waan't S: were + not = weren't ( c ) They woro not at home last night (d) They waven't at home last night vpbws! EXERCISE 3: Study the time expressions Then complete the sentences Use wcrwr't or weren't Use a past time expression PRESENT today this morning this afternoon tonight this week Ken is here today, but I'm at home tonight, but PAST + + yesterday yesterday morning yesterday afternoon last night last week + + + he wasnIt here yesterw I wasn't at home last night Olga is busy today, but We're in class this morning, but , , Tom is at the library tonight, but It's cold this week, but Alex and Rita are at work this afternoon, but Please172 m CHAPTER purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark I Mr and Mrs Jones are at home tonight, but You're in class today, but 10 Dr Ruckman is in her office this afternoon, but - - YES/NU LpYESTIONS ( a ) Were (be) in class yesterday? YOU + (subject) -r -r ( b ) Was Carlos (be) + (subject) at home last night? -r -r Whae + (be) + + (LONG ANSWER) yesterday? -r In class (I was in class yesterday.) Jennifer last night? (subject) -r At home (She was at home last night.) you (subject) (d) Where was Yen, he was (He was at home last night.) No, he wasn't (He wasn't at home last night.) SHORT ANSWER INFORMATION QUBSTIONS ( c ) Where were We + (be) + hn Yes, I wan ( I was in class yesterday.) No, I wasn't ( I wasn't in class yesterday.) EXERCISE 4: Make questions and give short answers (you \ at home \ last night) A: - \, I Were ,youat h w e last n u t ? ,*I' (Mr Yamamoro \ absent @om class \yesterday) B: Yes, Y ' ' (Alex and Sue \ at home \ last night) ( ,a,, , ' 111, B: Yes, (you \ nervous \ the first day of class) B: No, Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark (Ahmed \ at the library \ last night) A: B: Yes, (Mr Shin \ in class (yesterday) B: No, A: Where B: At home (you and your wife \ in Canada \ last year) -c:*ri3 ' *,,8 a " A: 7: No, A: Where B: In Ireland EXERCISE 5: Make questions and give short answers (you \ in class \yesterday) A: B: Yes, Were you in class yesterday? / WQS (Anita \ in class \ today) : i A: B: NO, : , ?.,, Is Anita in class today ? she rsn t I She's absent (you \ tired \ last night) A: B: Yes, I went to bed early (you \ hungry \ right now) A: B: No, ,but I'm thirsty Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark (the weather \ hot in New York City \ last summer) A: B: Yes, It was very hot (the weather \ cold in Alaska \ in the winter) A: B: Yes, It's very cold ( r (Yoko and Mohammed \ here \ yesterday afernoon) A: ,' ' B: Yes, (the students in this class \ intelligent) A: ! They are very intelligent! B: Of course (Mr lbk \ absent \ today) A: B: Yes, , A: Where L B: 10 (limy and Benito \ at the party \ last night) A: B: No, - ., ,, A: Where B: 1 (Mr and Mrs Rice \ in town \ this week) A: B: No, They're out of town A: Oh? Where Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark " 12 (Anna \ out of town \ last week) B: Yes, A: Where EXERCISE 6-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Pair up with a classmate and ask questions If Student B answers yes, the exercise item is finished If Student B answers n , o Student A should follow with a whsre-question Example: in class \ now STUDENT A: ( ), are you in class now? (StudentA's book is open.) STUDENT B: Yes, I am (Student B's book is closed.) Example: at the library \ last night STUDENT A: ( ), were you at the library last night? STUDENT B: NO,I wasn't STUDENT A: Where were you? STUDENT B: I was (at home /inmy room / at a party, etc.) 'f t ,~ d at home \ now at home \ yesterday morning at home \ last night in class \two days ago in (name of a place in this city) \ now in (mame of this city) \ last year (name ofyour teacher) \ in class \ yesterday (names of two classmates) \ here \ yesterday Change roles Student B should now ask StudentA questions in (name of this country) \ two weeks ago 10 in (name of this country)\ two years ago 11 in (name of a city) \ now 12 at (name of a park in this city) \ yesterday afternoon 13 at (name of a famous place in this city) \ this morning* 14, at (name of a popular plnce where students like to go) \ last night 15 (name of the teacher) \ at home \ last night 16 (names o two students) \ (name of this building) \ yesterday aftemoon f 1, *Student B: If you are asking this question in the morning, use a present verb If it is now afternoon or evening, use a past verb Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark I wrb + -ed = the simple past tense toschool wory day walk waRed to school yesterday SIMPLB PRESEN (a) I SIMPLE PAST: (b) I SIMPLE PRESEN SIMPLE PAST: ( C ) Ann walks ( d ) Ann walked to school to school every day yeafmday i 't +walked (verb + -ed) we they EXERCISE 7: Complete the sentences Use the words in the list; use the SIMPLE PRESENT or the SIMPLE PAS? I ~t often yesterday rain5 famed in the morning ~t I to school every morning I school yesterday morning Sue often question in class yesterday I questions She to a a movie on television last night I usually T V in the evening because I want to improve my English Mike his own dinner yesterday evening He his own dinner every evening I usually home at night because I have to study I home last night I have a job at the library I at the library every evening I there yesterday evening .I When I am asleep, I often about my family last night.*, , *The past of d r a m can be dreamed or dwamt EXPRESSING PAST TIME W Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 177 for the bus at a bus stop in front of her Linda usually for the bus there yesterday apartment building She morning some words from the board a couple of 10 The teacher minutes ago He used his hand instead of an eraser when 11 Our teacher is a warm, friendly person She often she is talking to us five days ago 12 Rick doesn't have a beard anymore He Now he every morning 5-5 PAST TIME WORDS: YESTERDAY, LAST, AND AGO NOTICE: In (a): yesterday is used with morning, afrernoon, and evening In (b): last is used with night, with long periods of time (week, month, year), with seasons (spring, summer, etc.), and with days of the week In (c): ago means "in the past." It follows specific lengths of time (e.g., two minutes + ago, five years + ago) AGO YESTERDAY (a) Bob was here yestorday yesterday morning yesterday afternoon yesterday ewening (b) Sue was here Iast night last week Iast month last year last spring last summar last fall last winter (c) Tom was here five minutes ago two hours ago three days ago a (one) week ago six months ago a (one) year ago last Monday last Tuesday last Wednesday etc Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark EXERCISE 8: Use yesterday or last I dreamed about you /aSt I was downtown night morning Friday Two students were absent Ann wasn't at home night Ann wasn't at home evening week Carmen was out of town fall I visited my aunt and uncle Roberto walked home afternoon Sunday My sister amved in Miami 10 We watched T V night evening 11 Ali played with his children summer 12 Yoko arrived in Los Angeles 13 I visited my relatives in San Francisco month 14 My wife and I moved into a new house year morning 15 Mrs Porter washed the kitchen floor EXERCISE 9: Complete the sentences Use ago in your completion I'm in class now, but I was at home ten minutes a_ao/two hours a&70/et I'm in class today, but I was absent from class I'm in this country now, but I was in my country 1was in (name o a city) f I was in elementary school I arrived in this city There is a nice park in this city I was at the park We finished EXERCISE 1was home in bed 10 It rained in this city EXPRESSING PAST TIME H Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 179 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 5-18 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb (a) S v I ate breakfast = a main clause (b) bqforo I went to class = a time clause S v S (c) v I I ate breakfast I I b4fore I went to class I main clause time clause v B4fore I went lo class, I II ate breakfast time clause main clauae S (dl I (e) I We took a walk I I qPsr wefinished our work I I &%rwefinished our work, I I we took a walk I time clause (g) [ time clause main clause (f ) We took a walk main clause I afer the movie I prep phrase (h) A main clause is a complete sentence Example (a) is a complete sentence Example @) is an incomplete sentence It must be connected to a main clause, as in (c) and (d) I had a cup of coffee I before class I prep, phrase A time clause can begin with before or qffor: befare+s+v=atimeclause qPer + s + v = a time clause A time clause can follow a main dause, as in I (c) and (e) A time clause & come in front of a main clause, as in (d) and (0 There is no difference in meaning between (c) and (d) or between (e) and (0 Before and qfler don't always introduce a time clause They are also used as prepositions followed by a noun object, as in (g) and (h) See Charts 1-7 and 4-1 for information about prepositional phrases EXERCISE 1: Find the main clauses and the time clauses Before I ate the banana, I peeled it main clause = Ipeeled it time clause = before I ate the banana + + We arrived at the airport before the plane landed 1went to a movie after I finished my homework After the children got home from school, they watchedTV.* Before I moved to this city, I lived at home with my parents *NOTE: When a time clause comes before the main clause, a comma is used between the two clauses A comma is not used when the time clause comes after the main clause Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark EXERCISE 52: Add a capital letter and period to the complete sentences Write "Inc." to mean "incomplete" if the group of words is a time clause and not a complete sentence we went home + W d went home after we left my uncle's house + Inc - we went home after we left my uncle's house W& went home qfter we left my uncle's house + , ' , - < ,#j A before we ate our picnic lunch we went to the zoo we went to the zoo before we ate our picnic lunch the children played games after they did their work the children played games after they did their work 10 the lions killed a zebra 11 after the lions killed a zebra 12 they ate it 13, after the lions killed a zebra, they ate it 1- - ' r EXERCISE 53: Combine the two ideas into one sentence by using before and qftor to introduce time clauses Example: I put on my coat I went outside + Before I went outside, Iput on my coat Iput on my wat before I went outside After Iput on my coat, I went outside I went outside after Iput on my coat , ,4 I EXPRESSING Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark PAST TIME 217 She ate breakfast He did his homework We bought tickets She went to work He went to bed We entered the theater Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark EXERCISE 54: Use the given words to write sentences of your own Use the SJMPLE PAST Exampla: after I Written: I went to college after I graduated from high school After I finished dinner, I watched TV Etc after we before they Mr after he before I came here after I got home last night I went before I ih (b) When Tom was a child, he lived w t his aunt OR: Tom lived with his aunt when he was a child When can introduce a time clause when + s + v = a time clause In (a): when the rain stoaped is a time clause In (b): Notice that the noun (Tom) comes before the pronoun (he) COMPARE: ( C ) When did the stop? = a question (d) when the stopped = a time clause When is also used to introduce questions.* A question is a complete sentence, as in (c) A time clause is not a complete sentence ( a ) When the rain stopped, we took a walk OR: We took a walk when the rain stopped - *See Charts 2-12 and 5-13 for information about using when in questions EXERCISE 55: Choose the best completion T h e n change the position of the time clause Example: When the phone rang, When the phone rang, I answered it.* I answered the phone when it rang + When the phone rang, When I was in Japan, Maria bought some new shoes I took a lot of photographs When a stranger grabbed Ann's arm, Jim was a wrestler When the rain stopped, The antique vase broke A B C D r/ E E G H she screamed when I dropped it I closed my umbrella when he was in high school I answered it when she went shopping yesterday I stayed in a hotel in Tokyo when I was in Hawaii If *NOTE: a sentence with a when-clause talks about two actions, the action in the when-clause happens fust In the sentence When the phone rang, I answered it: first the phone rang, and then I answered it Not logically possible: When I answered the phone, it rang EXPRESSING PAST TIME Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 219 EXERCISE 56: Add a capital letter and a question mark to complete the sentences Write "Inc." to mean "Incomplete" if the group of words is a time clause and not a question when did Jim arrive when Jim arrived W edhen did Jim arrive? + + Inc when you were a child when were you in Iran when did the movie end when the movie ended 7, when Mr Wang arrived at the airport 8, when Khalid and Bakir went to a restaurant on First Street yesterday p, ' when I was a high school student 10 when does the museum open EXERCISE 57: Use the given words and your own words to create sentences Don't change the order of the words , you,ior teaching me that lesson Now I will live a long and happy life Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark (39) BEAR: Yes, we (learn) a good lesson today, and that's good But still hungry Hmmm I (have) (40) I (be) (41) a gold tooth in my mouth (you, would like) come closer and look at it? Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark to This Page Intentionally Left Blank Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark ... bought - caught - drank drive read - drove - read* ride-m& run teach think - rcm - taught - thought I *The past form of read is pronounced the same as the color red 198 H CHAPTER Please purchase PDF. .. PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark H 189 5-9 THE SIMPLE PAST: IRREGULAR VERB5 Some verbs not have -ed forms The past form is irregular PRESENT PAST - came - did eat -. .. ) 11 12 13 14 At seven-thirty 15 ( ) A shirt 16 17 18 19 20 A hamburger No Because I wanted to Grammar - break broke &- f i w hear -heard & leave k - EXERCISE 49-ORAL - Yes Nothing In the