Tài liệu Betty Azar - Basic English Grammar 2e-chapter2 doc

morning, Thursday morning, Friday morning, Saturday morning, and Sunday morning... 4 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark... Frequency adverbs co

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C H A P T E R 2

SINGULAR PLURAL Notice: The verb after she, he, it (3rd person singular)

1 st PERSON I talk we talk has a W-8: talks

2nd PWON you taR you taR

3rd PEXSON she talks they talk 7%: .,I ,

he talks

( a ) I eat b r e a a s t every morning The simple present tense expresses habits In (a): Eating ( b ) Ann apeaks English every day breakfast is a habit, a usual activity Every morning =

( c ) We sleep every night Monday morning, Tuesday morning, Wednesday

( d ) They go to the beach every weekend morning, Thursday morning, Friday morning, Saturday

morning, and Sunday morning

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ERClSe 1 : What do you do every morning? On the left, there is a list of habits On the

(t) stretch, yawn, and rub my eyes 21

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) 4

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2 USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS: ALWAYS, USUALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES,

seldom rarely

i never

*Some frequency adverbs can also come at the beginning or at the end of a sentence For example:

Sometimes Iget up at s m I sometimes get up at sewen I get up at seven sometimes

Also: See Chart 2-3 for the use of frequency adverbs with be

I Sun I Mon I Tues I Wed I Thvs

Joy never drlnks tea with lunch

I drink two cups of coffee in the morning - -"'

I eat carrots for breakfast

I watch T V in the morning

I have tea with dinner

Bob eats lunch at the cafeteria

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9 alwys I do my homework ,, I i h :; -q2.'-

10 often We listen to music after dinner

11 never

12 always

John and Sue watch T V in the afternoon

The students speak English in the classroom , : r

EXERCISE +ORAL: Use always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rawb, m d

1 eat dinner

2 eat dinner at six o'clock

3 eat dinner at eight o'clock

10 spend time with my friends

1 1 talk on the phone

_ I

22 go to bed at eleven o'clock

j,i, I * '

23 go to bed after midnight

24 go to bed early! I wrdi? (

25 go to bed late

26 turn off the lights :,.?rk>\ ' , ~

27 dream .,.,T,, ;

28 dream in English .!r:.d:il,:~ , , ? 9 : ' : ,., .L, i 11>i& :

USING FREQUENCY ADVERBS WITH B l

Frequency adverbs follow be

Frequency adverbs come before all simple present verbs except be

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EXERCISE 4: Add the PREQUW~CY AD= in italics to the sentence

I take the bus to school

The weather is hot in July

14 nswr Sue drinks coffec

EXERCISE &WRITTEN: Describe a typical day in your life, from the time you get up in the

I morning until you go to bed Use the following words to show the order of your ,

activities: then, next, a t o'clock, qftor that, later,

!

! Then I put on my clothes and go t o the student cafeteria for breakfast

After that I go back t o my room I sometimes watch the news on TV At i"

; * - - 8:15 1 leave the dormitory I go t o class My class begins at 8:30 I'm in

class from 8:30 to 11:30 After that I eat lunch I usually haw a sandwich

t

i and a cup of tea for lunch k- -~ - (Continue untilyou complete . A your -, &ye) ~ - -

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I VOICED VOICELESS

(a) Ibl nib

/dl ride Ivl drive

(b) /PI sleep It/ write If/ laugh

(c) rubs = mb/z/ (d) sleeps = slesp/s/

rides = ridrp/ writes = wnwnt%/s/

drives = dnve/z/ laughs = hughlsl

Some sounds are "voiced." You use your voice box to make voiced sounds For example, the sound /b/ comes from your voicc box The final sounds in (a) are voiced I

Some sounds are "voiceless." You don't use your voice box You push air through your teeth and lips For example, the sound lpl comes from air through your lips The f d

sounds in (b) are voiceless

as in (c)

sounds, as in (d)

EXERCISE 6: The final sounds of the VERBS in these sentences are "voiced." Final -s is

pronounced lzl Read the sentences aloud : : .'; w;; , !iA.1:?s eix+! v

ridclzl

i , , I ! ., 4 i t:;!nlA ! :

Jack usually drives his car to school

drivelzl j f L i Rain falls

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 1) B 49

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Find the VEM in each sentence Pronounce it Then read the sentence aloud

8 The teacher often stands in the front of the room: -w*.,~

- - 14 It snows in New York City in the winter

?s;lr s I : , .,,.::'~h : * ' % - h .:

pronounced Is/ Read the sentences aloud

Mike sleeps for eight hours every night

7 My child often claps her hands

8 Olga always bites her pencil in class ; :: i t , : , ,, 1 -, :, ,:<;I ;L 32[ ,:.ci> ,K-!

9 Maria usually gets up at seven-thirty

10 Yoko asks a lot of questions in class

11 Ahmed always talks in class

12 Sue coughs because she smokes

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iLLiNG AND PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -E -I

-sh (a) push + pushap pushlazl Ending of verb: -sh, -ch, -66, -x

-ch (b) teach -r teaches tea&/azl S p e w : add -6s

-6s (c) kiss -+ k i s w kisslazl Pronounciation: lazl

-x (d) fix - fixss fixlazl

Joon-Kee gften television at night

Peter always his children goodnight Tina us1

Jessica her dog twice each day." ,,!, + , ,

End of verb: consonant + -y

Spelling: change y to i, add -6s

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5 fb _- Kunio is a pilot He a plane

," I - , ,<% " .-?<'I

about her grades

( f ) She goes to school

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XERCISE 10: Use the given VERBS to complete the sentence

Yoko and Kunio their books i i: , , ,~

shopping I , I : : w,,.,.': , &.; ,

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PRONUNCIATION

(a) rub + rubs d l z l

ride + r i h ridelzl smile + smi7es smdle/z/

dream + dwms dreamlzl run + runs ~ n h l wear + wears wearlzl drive -+ drives drivelzl see -+ sees s&/

teach -* teaches teachlazl kiss -+ k b s kuslazl fix -+ fies fixlazl (d) cry -+ cties ~ b l

study -+ studios s & Y ~ /

To form a simple present verb in 3rd person singular, you usually add only -8, as in (a) and @)

In (a): -s is pronounced 121 The fmal sounds in (a) are vo,oiced

End of verb: consonant + -y

Spelling: change y to i, add -8s

<

End of verb: vowel + -y

Spelling: add -s The 3rd person singular forms of h e , go, and do are ,irregular

EXERCISE 1 I-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Talk about everyday activities using the given

STUDENT A: I eat breakfast every morning

TEACHER: What does ( ) do every morning?

STUDENT B: He/She eats breakfast

TEACHER: eat

STUDENT A: I always eat dinner at the student cafeteria

TEACHER: What does ( ) always do?

STUDENT B: He/She always eats dinner at the student cafeteria

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6 study

7 getup

1 1 listen to

12 wash

G 3 , 3 drink 8 , watch 13 put On , , , , :

4 brush 9 speak 14 carry

5 have ~ ~ 10 ~ ~~ do ! 5 kiss ,:;A

I , : STUDENT A: Tell Student B ten tofijieen things you do every morning

STUDENT B: Take notes while Student A is talking (You will use these riots hter to write a

:l+i .- paragraph about Student A's usual morning habits.) - - - - j -

STUDENT B: Tell Student A ten wfi;fieen things you do every morning

<\ 31 STUDENT A: Take notes while Student B is talking 3' ' ." ','

*&*z When you finish talking, each of you should write a paragraph about the other person's

daily morning activities Pay special attention to fmal 4 - e s

-,:ii,:.'w h r : x f d f t 3142 tLir , - - - - ~ i., A w :

EXERCISE 13: Complete the sentences Use the words in parentheses Use the SIMPLE

PRESENT TENSE Pay special attention to singular and plural, to spelling, and to pronunciation of final -s/-ap ,

1 The students (ask, often) often ask questions in class

2 Pablo (study, uusaUy) at the library every evening

4 Don (cash) - a check at the bank once a week

i Sometimes I (WOTVJ - about my grades at school

Sonya (my, n w t ) - about her grades

9 Jason (& always) his homework He

m) to bed until his homework is finished

-,

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10 Mr Cook (say, always)* hello to his neighbor in the morning

i:i (.+

- * - a big mess in the kitchen when he cooks After dinner, he

A J T I ~ ~ Z ?I$ the kitchen I (cook, -)

V I bnri .BI

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(a) I do not drinkcoffee NEGATIVE: I ii , ,:t ,

We do not drinkcoffee

- - < ,

They do not drink coffee

Do and dow are called "helping verbs."

(b) She doe8 not drink coffee

It doe8 not drink coffee i " I ': "

" he " 1 +doe8not+mainverb

I (d) He doesn't drink tea

I People usually use contractions when they speak

Mary doem't have a car People often use contractions when they write

i!w &%68 ?.,,rI I&DOI ~ ~ m o r i .:J

(c) I don't drink tea

They don't have a car

EXERCISE 14: Use the words in italics t o make NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Notice in (b): In 3rd person singular, there is no -8 on the

main verb; the final -a is pan of d m

INCORRECT: She h snot dri?ZkJ w f f ~

C O ~ ~ ~ ~ A C T I O N S : do not = don't , , ,, -

does not = doedn't

9 have, not A buttefly a long life

1 1 be, not Butterflies large

12 have, not We class every day

EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PAAT 1) 67

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- nice weather in the summer

13 have, not This city

a:""' " ":,

15 rain, not It every day, icwr ;&; : < , ,'

9 It (be) a nice day today It (be, not) - cold You

lo Today (be) a holiday We (have, not)

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EXERCISE 16: Use verbs from the list to complete the sentences Make all of the sentences

NEGATIVE by using does + not or do + not

2 My roommates are from Japan They Spanish

3 Fred has a beard He in the morning

4 Sue has a briefcase She a bookbag to class

10 My sister likes tea, but she coffee

11 I'mlazy I exercises in the morning

12 Sometimes Ann her shoes when she goes , , outside She likes to walk barefoot in the grass W J * I~;I

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EXERCISE 17-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Use not I , ,&I 5 2 : -,pa\ ,

-A , :<-I .3 , , ' I ' , :

TEACHER: eat breakfast every day

STUDENT A: I don't eat breakfast every day , * , ~

TEACHER: Tell me about (Student A) ; , ' ~2

STUDENT B: ShelHe doesn't eat breakfast every day , ,

1 walk to school every day 7, write a letter every day (

2 shave every day 8 go dancing every day

3, read a newspaper every day 9 drink coffee every day

4 go shopping every day 10 eat lunch every day &AL I

, 5 study grammar every day 11 listen to music every day .1 p

6 watch TV every day 12 come to class every day

EXERCISE 18-ORAL: Use the given words to make truthful sentences -M 1

1 Grass \ b e blue -+ Gmss isn't blue 19 An architect \ design buildings

2 Grass \ be green - Gmss is green

=JWrn.W .* _ 3 Dogs \have tails -+ Dogs have taih

i

-

3fh rri - 4 People* \ have tails -+ People don't have tails

6 A restaurant \ serve food

8 Animals \ wear clothes

f rJ11 9 A child \ need love, food, care,

and toys

10 A child \ need a driver's license

20 Doctors \design buildings

21 Doctors \take care of sick people

22 A bus \ carry people from one place to another

23 The weather \ be very hot today

24 It \ be very cold today

25 Glass \break

26 Rubber \ be flexible

27 Rubber \ break

28 English \ be an easy language

11 Refrigerators \ b e hot inside - - -~ .if I to learn

12 Refrigerators \ b e cold inside 29 People in this city \ be friendly,

13 Electricity \ be visible - 30 It \ rain a lot in this city

~ 3 - *14 Light \ be visible - - - - - 3 1 Apples \ have seeds

IS Fresh vegetables \ b e good for you * ; I : ~ I W ~ A; 32 Scientists \have all the answers to

17 Cats \have whiskers

18 Birds \ have whiskers

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DOlDOES + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

QuESTION FORMS, SIMPLE PRESENT

INCORRECT: Does Bob l l k d Coffee?

(c) Are you a student? When the main verb is a form of be, do is NOT

(d) INCORRECT: Do yew be a student? used See Chart 1-9 for question forms with be

I

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER + (LONG ANSWBR)

Do, don't, does, and doesn't are

(e) Do you like tea? + Yes, I do (I like tea.) used in the short answers to yes/ no

No, I don't (I don't like tea.) questions in the simple present

No, he doesn't (He doesn't like tea.)

,, , >, ' ,

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B: (I do exercises every morning.)

7 A:

B: (The teacher comes to class every day.)

.n ,

B: aim and Sue don't do their homework every day.)

.,*a# ' B : (It rains a lot in April.)

-:, ,:

12 A:

I., :

B : (My parents live in Baghdad.)

, ,,' 4

TEACHER: walk to school every day .!.' , <

STUDENT C: Yes, helshe does OR: No, helshe doesn't

1 walk to school every day

2 watch T V every day

3 eat breakfast every day

4 speak English every day

9 wear blue jeans every day

10 have a car

1 1 have a bicycle

12 like ice cream

5 come to class every day 13, l i e (name of city)

6 get up at seven o'clock every day 14 live in (name of a hotel)

7, talk on the phone every day 15 live in an apartment

8 go to the bank every day 16 go shopping every day

questions

I A: Does (Cados) speak Fnglish?

B: Yes he does (He speaks English.)

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2 A: Does (Yoko) s p & $ m i z h ?

B: NO -em t t (She doesn't speak Spanish.)

B: (They aren't from Indonesia.)

B: (They dan't have dictionaries on their desks.)

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2-1 1 THE SIMPLE PRESENT: ASKING INFORMATION QUESTIONS

UIIW WIUCDC

( a ) Do they live in Tokyo? + Yes, they do / No, they don't

( c ) Does Gina live in Rome? + Yes, she does I No, she doesn't

(WHERE) + DO/DOES + SUEjBCT + MAINVERB

NOTE: (a) and (c) are called "yes/no questions." The answer to these questions can be yes or no (b) and (d) are called "information questions." The answer gives information Where asks for information about place

SHORT ANSWER

Notice in the examples: The form of yestno questions and information questions is the same:

DOIDOES + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB

EXERCISE 22: Make questions

I A: Does lean eat lunch at the cafeteria every day?

B: Yes, she does (Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.)

2 A: Where does lean eat lunch every day?

B: At the cafeteria (Jean eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.)

Tiêu đề	Expressing Present Tense
Trường học	University of Texas at Austin
Chuyên ngành	English Grammar
Thể loại	Textbook
Năm xuất bản	2019
Thành phố	Austin

Định dạng
Số trang	40
Dung lượng	10,48 MB