10.Whooping cough /hu:ping kɔf/ ho gà Whooping cough also called pertussis, is a serious respiratory infection caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis.. The infection ca[r]
Trang 11 Rickets /'rikits/ còi xương
is a condition that results in weak or soft bones in children.[1] Symptoms
include bowed legs, stunted growth, bone pain, large forehead, and trouble
sleeping.[1][2] Complications may include bone fractures, muscle spasms,
an abnormally curved spine, or intellectual disability.[1][2]
The lack of vitamin D causes rickets
2 Refractive error / ri'frækʃənl 'erə[r]/ tật khúc xạ
also known as refraction error, is a problem with focusing light accurately onto the retina due to the shape of the eye.[1] The most common types of refractive error are near-sightedness, far-sightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia.[1]
3 Otitis /ou'taitis/ viêm tai giữa
Otitis is infection and inflammation of the middle ear Otitis media with effusion
is when fluid (often sticky and thick) builds up behind the tympanic membrane This occurs without signs or symptoms of infection It is very common in
childhood and may resolve spontaneously, leading experts to think that it may be a natural phenomenon
However, sometimes the build up of fluid may lead to hearing loss which may cause language problems if it occurs when children are learning to speak
Acute otitis media is an infection due to either a virus or bacteria Bateria (n) vi khuẩn
4 Dental caries /'dentl/ /'keəriz/ sâu răng
It is caused by specific types of bacteria They produce acid that destroys the tooth's enamel and the layer under it, the dentin
Enamel (n) men răng
Dentin (n) ngà răng
5 Tuberculosis /tju:,bə:kju'lousis/ (n) bệnh lao
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes
Tuberculosis can also affect other parts of your body, including your kidneys, spine or brain
infectious (v) lây nhiễm
droplet (n) giọt nhỏ
via (adv) qua, theo đường
cough (v) ho
sneeze (v) hắt xì
Trang 26 croup /kru:p/ viêm thanh khí phế quản
Croup is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus The
infection leads to swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal
breathing and produces the classic symptoms of "barking" cough, stridor, and
a hoarse voice.[1] Fever and runny nose may also be present
Croup most commonly occurs between 6 months and 5 years of age but may rarely
be seen in children as old as fifteen
7 Chickenpox /'t∫ikinpɒks/ thủy đậu
Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the
initial infection with varicella zoster virus
The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over
8 Rubella /ru´bellə/ sởi đức
Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles,[5] is
an infection caused by the rubella virus
Rubella is usually spread through the air via coughs of people who are infected
9 Mumps /mʌmps/ quai bị
is a viral disease caused by the mumps virus.[2] Initial signs and symptoms often include fever, muscle pain, headache, poor appetite, and feeling tired
Mumps is highly contagious and spreads rapidly among people living
in close quarters
10.Whooping cough /hu:ping kɔf/ ho gà
Whooping cough also called pertussis, is a serious respiratory infection caused by a
type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis The infection causes violent,
uncontrollable coughing that can make it difficult to breathe
While whooping cough can affect people at any age, it can be deadly for infants and young children
11.Tonsillitis /,tɔnsi'laitis/ viêm amidan
Trang 3Tonsils are the two lymph nodes located on each side of the back of your throat They function as a defense mechanism They help prevent your body from
infection When the tonsils become infected, the condition is called tonsillitis
A two-year-old child with acute tonsillitis and otitis media had been infected by his babysitter.
12.Flu /flu/ cúm
a respiratory illness caused by a virus
– She had a bout of flu over Christmas.
13.Diarrhea / ˌdīəˈrēə / tiêu chảy
an illness where your body very frequently passes waste in more of a liquid than solid form
A child who has diarrhea from giardiasis may lose too much fluid in the stool and become dehydrated