SECTION 4 — WRITING The Writing section of the TOEFL measures your ability to write an essay in English.. On the paper test, the essay component is called The Test of Written English..
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QUESTIONS 30-40
If hurricanes are the largest storms on earth, tornadoes are the most violent
Nothing produces more destructive power in a restricted area than a tornado as it passes
by, sweeping the ground clear of all movable objects A tornado’s devastating blasts of
wind put all human life in jeopardy, sending debris flying and lifting buildings from their
5 _ foundations It is small wonder the sight of these intense storms strikes terror
In recent years, the origin of tornado formation has been the subject of increasingly fruitful research Nevertheless, some mystery still surrounds tornadoes, and
their formation cannot be predicted with absolute accuracy, even when conditions for
their occurrence seem just right Tornadoes are usually associated with thunderstorm
10 conditions They require a moist airstream that is warm for the season and usually comes
from a southerly direction Tornadoes favor the warmest part of the day, when solar
heating and thunderstorm development are at their maximum
The funnel-shaped cloud of the tornado reaches down to the ground from a parent cloud that is part of an active thunderstorm Several funnels may develop in a mature
15 tornado system, with small vortices continually forming and dissipating while whirling
around the central core of the main tornado A tornado funnel can assume various forms,
from a thin, writhing, rope—like column of grayish white to a thick, amorphous mass of
menacing black In the Northern Hemisphere, tornadoes almost always spin
counterclockwise
20 87 percent of all tornadoes move from southwest to northeast Rarely do
tornadoes move toward the west Tornadoes move forward at an average speed of 35
miles per hour, but great variations have been recorded During part of its course, the
great Tri-State Tornado of March 18, 1925, moved at the astonishing rate of 73 miles per
hour
25 The great Tri-State Tornado killed 695 people in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana,
making it one of the most deadly tornadoes ever recorded On that same day, seven other
tomadoes struck areas in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama, raising the total to 792
deaths; it was clearly the most tragic tornado day in U.S history
30 The passage mainly discusses tornadoes 32, It can be concluded from lines 6-9 that
in terms of their
CA) prediction of tornadoes will become
CA) characteristics and effects
causes
Ce) mysterious origins
Ce) direction and speed
31 The word “jeopardy” in line 4 could
best be replaced by
Œni
transition
Ce) repose
Cp) danger
more accurate in the future scientists have studied the effect
of tornadoes on fruit trees
© if the right conditions exist, a tornado
will form (> many questions about tornado formation remain unanswered
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According to John Dewey, the interplay
between a person’s previous knowledge and
the present situation is
CAD dangerous
a rejection of the old
CC) education
Cb) a correct idea of experience
The word “distorts” in line 15 is
closest in meaning to
CA) balances
deforms
Cc) mislays
CD) stimulates
All of the following were part of Dewey’s
theory of experience and education EXCEPT
CA) present experience affects future experience
knowledge and experience interact 8 p
Ce) experience is always educative
Ce) experience should develop the individual
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Review TEST
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According to Dewey, progressive education should include
CA) the active participation of the student
C8) both positive and negative experiences Cc) complete rejection of traditional methods (> directing new social processes
The word “prolifically” in line 20 is
closest in meaning to CA) carefully progressively
Ce) abundantly
@ intellectually
The following sentence can be added to paragraph 4 of the passage
He wrote several works on education, philosophy, logic, ethics, aesthetics, legal and
political theory, and the social sciences
Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose QM, &, G, or Bf
During his long life, Dewey lectured and published prolifically EJ These writings were influential both during his lifetime and after his death at the age of ninety—
two EJ He viewed his whole life as an experiment which would produce knowledge
that would lead to further experimentation [4] The range and diversity of Dewey’s
writings and his influence on society place him among America’s great thinkers BJ
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REVIEW TEST
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Questions 41-50
Advertising helps people recognize a particular brand, persuades them to try it, and tries to keep them loyal to it Brand loyalty is perhaps the most important goal of
consumer advertising Whether they produce cars, canned foods or cosmetics,
manufacturers want their customers to make repeated purchases The quality of the
5 product will encourage this, of course, but so, too, will effective advertising
Advertising relies on the techniques of market research to identify potential users
of a product Are they homemakers or professional people? Are they young or old? Are
they city dwellers or country dwellers? Such questions have a bearing on where and
when ads should be placed By studying readership breakdowns for newspapers and
10 magazines as well as television ratings and other statistics, an advertising agency can
decide on the best way of reaching potential buyers Detailed research and marketing
expertise are essential today when advertising budgets can run into thousands of millions
of dollars,
Advertising is a fast-paced, high-pressure industry There is a constant need for
15 _ creative ideas that will establish a personality for a product in the public’s mind Current
developments in advertising increase the need for talented workers
In the past, the majority of advertising was aimed at the traditional white family—
breadwinner father, non-working mother, and two children Research now reveals that
only about 6 percent of American households fit this stereotype Instead, society is
20 fragmented into many groups, with working mothers, single people and older people on
the rise To be most successful, advertising must identify a particular segment and aim its
message toward that group
Advertising is also making use of new technologies Computer graphics are used
to grab the attention of consumers and to help them see products in a new light The use
25 of computer graphics in a commercial for canned goods, for instance, gave a new image to
the tin can
41 What does the passage mainly discuss? 43 It can be inferred from lines 6-11 that
advertisers must CA) How to develop a successful
advertising plan CA) encourage people to try new products
New techniques and technologies aim their message at homemakers
of market research and professional people
Ce) The central role of advertising in Cé) place several ads in newspapers
(> The history of advertising in the 3 know about the people who
42 The word “this” in line 5 refers to
CA) the quality of the product
effective advertising
Ce) repeatedly buying the same brand
Cp) the most important goal
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REVIEW TEST
33 According to the passage, tornado
formation is related to
CA) dry air from the south
CB thunderstorms
Ce) cold air currents
CB) the season of the year
34, The word “their” in line 12 refers to
CA) tornadoes
the warmest part of the day and
a moist airstream
Ce) solar heating and thunderstorm
development
CD) thunderstorm conditions
35 The word “whirling” in line 15 is
closest in meaning to
CA) rotating
binding
Ce) leaning
@) roaring
According to the passage, the funnel-
shaped cloud of a tornado
36
CA) is usually rope—like and black
can take different colors or forms
Cc) signals the end of a thunderstorm
Cp3 can be seen only during the afternoon
40
Some tornadoes, however, have been reported to
follow zigzag paths, or perform complete circles
37 According to the passage, most tornadoes move
in a clockwise direction faster than 35 miles per hour
Ce) forward and backward (©) toward the northeast
38 Where in the passage does the author describe the appearance of a tornado?
CG) Paragraph 1
CB) Paragraph 2 Cc) Paragraph 3
@) Paragraph 4 From the passage, which of the following can be inferred about tornadoes?
39
CA) They are becoming increasingly unpredictable
They are among the most powerful forces of nature
Ce They usually accompany other
natural disasters
@) They cause more deaths in urban rather than rural areas
The following sentence can be added to paragraph 4 of the passage
change directions abruptly,
Where would it best fit in the paragraph? Choose &, Ef, l or B
87 percent of all tornadoes move from southwest to northeast Rarely do tornadoes move toward the west EJ Tornadoes move forward at an average speed of
35 miles per hour; but great variations have been recorded [@ During part of its course,
the great Tri-State Tornado of March 18, 1925, moved at the astonishing rate of 73 miles
per hour Bj
Detta’s Key To THE TOEFL® Test
475
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47ô Detta’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test
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44 According to paragraph 2, market 47 The word “fragmented” in line 20 is closest
CA) studying television ratings CD collated
hiring researchers with backgrounds divided
Ce) searching for talented workers @) forced
(®) determining the price of a product
48 The phrase “in a new light” in line 24 is
45 The author implies that the advertising closest in meaning to
industry requires
CA) differently Ca) millions of dollars with the use of color enhancement
a college-educated work force Ce) more distinctly
Cc) government regulation (> ina more energy-efficient way
innovative thinking
49 Where in the passage does the author
46 According to the passage, most advertising give an example of a new development
used to be directed at in advertising?
CA) working mothers with children CA) Lines 3-5
two-parent families with children CB) Lines 9-11
Cb) older adults @) Lines 23-24
50 The following sentence can be added to the passage
Advertising is an essential part of the marketing process that can be
tremendously influential in selling products
Where would it best fit in the passage? Choose WN, Ei, &, or BJ
BM Advertising helps people recognize a particular brand, persuades them to try
it, and tries to keep them loyal to it Brand loyalty is perhaps the most important goal of
consumer advertising Whether they produce cars, canned foods or cosmetics,
manufacturers want their customers to make repeated purchases [J The quality of the
product will encourage this, of course, but so, too, will effective advertising
Advertising relies on the techniques of market research to identify potential users of a product {ej Are they homemakers or professional people? Are they young or old?
Are they city dwellers or country dwellers? Such questions have a bearing on where and
when ads should be placed By studying readership breakdowns for newspapers and
magazines as well as television ratings and other statistics, an advertising agency can
decide on the best way of reaching potential buyers Detailed research and marketing
expertise are essential today when advertising budgets can run into thousands of millions
of dollars BJ
Answers to the Reading Comprehension Review Test are on page 662
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SECTION 4 — WRITING
The Writing section of the TOEFL measures your ability to write an essay in English This includes the
ability to generate and organize ideas, to support these ideas with examples or evidence, and to compose
in standard written English a response to an essay question The essay questions are about topics that are
appropriate for international students and require no specialized knowledge of any subject matter
You have thirty minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay on both the paper—based test and the
computer—based test
On the paper test, the essay component is called The Test of Written English On the computer-based test,
the essay component is in Section 4
Your essay will be evaluated according to the same procedures on both the paper test and the computer test
It will be read by two qualified essay readers who will rate it on a scale of ! to 6, with 6 being the highest
score possible
“~« answers the question
“~s shows organization and development
°~« supports a thesis or main idea
*n« uses English sentences and words
Neither essay reader will know the score assigned by the other reader Your essay will receive the average
of the two scores unless there is a difference of more than one point If this happens, a third reader will
score your essay Thus, your essay will receive a final rating of 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.5,
or 1 A score of 0 will be given if no essay is written, if the topic is simply copied, or if the essay is written
in a language other than English
E- THE TEST OF WRITTEN ENGLISH
The Test of Written English (TWE) is given with the paper-based TOEFL at the August, October,
December, February, and May administrations You cannot register to take the TWE only You must take
both the TOEFL and the TWE on the same day
On the TWE, your essay rating is not incorporated into the total TOEFL score Instead, a separate TWE
score is reported on your TOEFL score report
The TWE essay question comes at the beginning of the test, before the Listening Comprehension section
of the TOEFL
You will be allowed to make notes or plan your essay in the TWE test booklet You will write your essay
on the essay answer sheet given to you Only what you write on the answer sheet will be scored by the
essay readers
Sample TWE Essay Question
Some people prefer occupations in which they work primarily with machines Others prefer
occupations in which they work mainly with people Which type of occupation do you prefer?
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion
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THE COMPUTER-BASED TEST
On the computer test, your essay rating is incorporated into your score for Structure/Writing and counts
as one-half of the Structure/Writing score Your essay rating also appears separately on your score report
under the heading “essay rating.”
The essay question comes at the end of the test, after the Reading section
Before the computer gives you the essay topic, you must choose whether to type your essay on the
computer or to handwrite it
me If you choose to type your essay, you will first look at a tutorial on how to type the essay
on the computer
®% If you choose to handwrite your essay, the computer will allow you to go directly to the
essay question You can do this by clicking on Handwrite Essay Now If you handwrite
your essay, the test supervisor will give you a paper answer sheet to write on
The test supervisor will give you paper for making notes and planning your essay However, only the
response you type in the essay box on the computer or handwrite on the answer sheet will be scored by
the essay readers
The computer screen will look like this:
Read the question below and type your response in the box
Some people prefer occupations in which they work primarily with machines Others
prefer occupations in which they work mainly with people Which type of occupation
do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion
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You can end the Writing section at any time by clicking on Next and then on Confirm Answer At the
end of 30 minutes, the computer will automatically end the Writing section
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QUESTION TYPES
There are four general types of essay questions on both the paper test and the computer test Here is an
example of each type
Question Type 1 — Agree or Disagree with a Statement
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
You should not believe everything you read in the newspaper
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion
Question Type 2 —~ Choose and Defend a Point of View
Some people believe that in high school science classes, girls should be in classes with only girls,
and boys should be in classes with only boys Others believe that all high school students should
be in science classes that are coeducational, with students of both genders learning together
Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion
Question Type 3 — Explain Reasons, Causes, Results, or Qualities
What is the most important product or resource in your country? Why is it important? Use specific
reasons and details to explain your answer
Question Type 4 — Compare and Contrast Two Topics
Compare and contrast two cities or regions in your country Use specific details and examples
to support your answer
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WRITING
STRATEGIES FOR WRITING THE ESSAY
Prepare before the Test
* If you are taking the computer-based test, decide whether you are going to type or handwrite the
essay
*~« If you plan to type your essay on the computer, practice by using the Writing section tutorial on
the TOEFL Sampler CD-ROM
Sm Plan to handwrite your essay if you are not comfortable with typing, writing on a keyboard, or
using a keyboard with English characters
&~« Be familiar with the question types and writing topics typically assigned on the computer-based
TOEFL and the Test of Written English Study the list of TOEFL writing topics on pages 514 to
516 For a longer list of topics, see the TOEFL web site at http://www.toefl.org
Budget Your Time during the Test
S~« Use your 30 minutes wisely Spend your time approximately like this:
®*4 Prewriting — 5 minutes
® Writing ~ 20 minutes
®~« Checking — 5 minutes
“~« During the prewriting phase, read the question carefully and make sure you understand everything
it asks you to do Organize your thoughts by making an outline
°~s During the writing phase, support all of your points with evidence: details, examples, facts,
reasons, and personal experiences Write only about the given topic Use sentence structures and
vocabulary that you are familiar with
®~< Allow yourself five minutes at the end to check your work Make sure all of your points are
clearly stated and well supported Check for errors in sentence structure and word choice If you
handwrite your essay, the readers will not mind if errors are crossed out neatly and corrections
are written above them
Know the Scoring Criteria
*~e Do not be concerned about whether the essay readers agree with your opinion Be concerned
about whether your essay:
“~« addresses the writing task
®~ shows organization and development
“a supports a thesis or main idea
Se clearly communicates your ideas
®~a has good sentence structure
*s yses appropriate vocabulary