D ~ The main idea is stated in the first sentence, and the inaccurate; see lines 15-16.. 3.3 Some people is the subject of the previous clause in the same sentence, a parallel position t
Trang 134
35
36
37
38
39
40
The sentence needs a structure that can introduce a
clause The correct answer is a main clause followed
by that, which introduces a noun clause (2.9) (A)
lacks a subject (B) has the subject that where if is
needed as the “false” subject (2.1) (D) lacks the
auxiliary be, which is needed with the passive voice
verb believed (2.6)
The sentence needs an adjective structure to modify
hydrofoils The correct answer is the beginning of an
active voice adjective phrase (2.10) (A), (C), and
(D) are all verb phrases (2.5)
Should used \acks the auxiliary be (2.6) Correction:
should be used
Depend lacks a preposition where one is needed
(2.21) Correction: depend on
Nothing is a pronoun where an adjective is needed
to modify system (2.18) Correction: no
Is normally found is an incorrectly formed compara-
tive expression (2.19) Than must be used with
more Correction: than is normally found
Has is incorrect because the base form of the verb is
needed in that-clauses following expressions of
importance, such as it is essential (2.14) Correction:
have
DELTA'2 KEY TO THE TOEFL® Test
SECTION 3 — READING
EXERCISE 3.1.A (p 348)
2 B
Most of the sentences point out the advantages of tadio over field telephones
Most of the sentences discuss the benefits of rangelands: natural resources, mineral and energy resources, areas for scientific study
The subject of the paragraph is the first National Football League draft
The first sentence describes the appearance of dust devils The second and third sentences contrast the origin of devils with that of tornadoes
The most general idea of the paragraph is that Marian Anderson had a role in breaking barriers of tacial prejudice
Most of the sentences discuss one or both of the two existing health insurance programs: Medicaid and Medicare
EXERCISE 5.1.B (p 350) _D
Guz LứP- 555)
The fiat paragraph discusses causes and the second
and third paragraphs discuss effects of middle ear infections
Paragraph 2 lists the signs (symptoms) of ear infections
All of the paragraphs discuss the contributions of the Bernoulli family to the mathematics of probability
All of the paragraphs mention the Bemoullis and probability Paragraphs 2 and 3 give several examples of the Bernoullis’ practical applications
of probability
The passage does not mention the popularity of studying mathematics
The most general idea of the passage is that packaging plays a role in marketing products
All three paragraphs discuss ways customers are influenced by packaging
The passage does not specifically mention customers reading labels
The controlling idea of the paragraph is that the tiger shark uses many different senses to help it find its food (A) is inaccurate because the first sentence says the tiger shark relies mostly on other senses
(C) is a supporting idea (D) is not mentioned
All of the sentences discuss the structure and com- position of the earth (A) is too specific (B) and (C) are not dealt with
Most of the sentences discuss laments as a traditional communal form of expressing grief
Some key words are: ritualized, in the company of
other women, participation, communal expression,
(A) and (B) are supporting ideas (D) is not dealt with
Most of the sentences discuss the nutritional benefits
of almonds (A) and (C) are supporting details
(D) is implied but is not the idea that controls the passage
Most of the sentences relate almonds to lowering cholesteroi or risk of heart attack (B) is inaccurate;
meat eaters are not mentioned (C) is inaccurate
(D) is not dealt with
PCSIE.EIN
655
Trang 2ANSWER KEY
Most of the sentences discuss words and terms
relating to Americans’ experiences with imported
animals (A) is not known (B) and (C) are not dealt
with
All of the sentences in paragraph 2 give examples
of terms inspired by monkeys and apes (B) is a
background detail (C) is implied in some of the
details but is not a controlling idea (D) is
inaccurate; vulgarity is not mentioned
The most general idea of the passage is that there is
a transition from youth to adulthood (A) is not dealt
with (B) is inaccurate; an initial life structure, but
not a lifetime structure, is mentioned as part of the
Early Adult Transition (D) is inaccurate; both
external and internal values are mentioned, but not a
transition between them
The first sentence is the topic sentence; the rest of
the paragraph describes the two tasks (A), (C), and
(D) are all inaccurate; they try to trick you by using
words from the passage
The passage does not mention young adults facing
the Early Adult Transition on their own (B), (C),
and (D) are all aspects of the Early Adult Transition
ve >a>
weg owua
20.Z7)
.„.D
See lines 8-9, See lines 16-17
The passage traces the history of buying, selling, marketing, and distribution Each paragraph discusses a different time period
See lines 1-3
See lines 12-14
See lines 17~18
The passage says that people reacted strongly against the typewriter and gives examples of other inventions that met with similar resistance initially
See lines 22-24
The passage does not mention supermarkets and convenience stores
The main idea of the passage is that people’s attitudes toward money have changed as a result of economic changes and the development of consumer credit (A) is too general (B) is inaccurate; see lines 16-18 (C) is inaccurate, see lines 9-10 (3.1) The belief that people who buy as many things as possible are respectable is a more recent attitude;
see lines 16-18 (A), (B), and (D) all paraphrase
3 C The passage does not mention whether if is difficult 5 D_ This is the main point of paragraph 3; it paraphrases
to get established as a writer lines 16-18 (A) is untrue; see lines 1-2 (B) is
4 D ~ The main idea is stated in the first sentence, and the inaccurate; see lines 15-16 (C) is inaccurate;
rest of the passage develops this idea with details extravagant is an exaggeration (3.2)
6 A Burning the woods was a practice of Native range managers do (A) and (D) are not dealt with,
10 D The passage does not mention how to avoid a tornado 8 D See lines 9-10 (3.2)
9 C See lines 11-12 (3.2) Exercise 3.2.B (p 366) 10 C See line 16 (A) is not mentioned (B) is inaccurate;
the passage does not imply that range managers prefer working outdoors over indoors (D) is untrue;
the passage states that employers generally supply transportation; see lines 16-18 (3.2)
1 B_ The passage states that about 300 genera exist in
the Northern Hemisphere and nearly a quarter of
these genera are native to the United States You
must calculate a quarter (one fourth) of 300; the
Oe 2O
answer is 75
3 D_ See lines 7-8 and 10 1 B_ The kingdom of Axum is the subject of the first
5 A See line 2 Industry is the desirable quality and (you can easily see this if you cross out all
Inferiority is the danger This idea is explained in introductory and modifying phrases) This parallel
See lines 6~7
The passage does not give proof that Native
Americans came from Asia Proof is conclusive
evidence, and what archaeologists now have are
estimates, beliefs, and theories, not proof
The Bering Strait theory does not hold that the first
immigrants looked like present-day Asian peoples
See lines 12-13 and 17-19
Exercise 3.2.C (p 368)
The passage does not mention or imply that Reed
was confused about her career
See line 5
elements This is the only answer choice that you
would battle to produce nutritious food for your table
Human beings appears immediately before their and
is the only answer choice that could have behavior, values, interactions, and the other things listed in lines 2-4
Physical objects appears immediately before their
“Duke” refers to the strong, silent cowboy, who is later identified as John Wayne
The 1940s is the ten years following 1939, the date that appears before the next decade A decade is ten years
Deita’s Key To THE TOEFL® Test
Trang 3EXERCISE 5.5.B (p 380)
B_ Discs ant (disc) players appears before their, in the
same sentence (A) is inaccurate because it mentions
only discs
Bit of sound is the direct object of a verb, and so is
each This parallel position helps you see that each
refers to bit of sound A computer samples 44,000
bits of sound and assigns each (bit of sound) a
numerical value
Pennsylvania is the region that is the land between
New York and: Maryland, the domain of William
Penn, and the subject of this passage
Nine broad streets is the subject of the first clause,
and these is the subject of the second clause in the
same sentence This parallel position helps you see
that these refers to nine broad streets (D) is tricky
because fwo rivers could also be crossed, but
rectangular blocks are formed only when streets are
crossed by other streets
Each house appears before its and is the only answer
choice that could be placed in the middle of a lot
(C) is tricky because grass could be on a lot, but
grass would be planted or grown, not placed
The passage states that Penn insisted on religious
toleration and welcomed all creeds (beliefs); see
lines 3-4 This does not have the same meaning
as Penn wanted Pennsylvania to be settled only by
religious people Religious toleration includes
acceptance of all beliefs, including belief in no
religion
Saturn's specific gravity is the subject of one
sentence, and its diameter and its rotational speed
are the subjects of the clauses in the next sentence
This parallel position helps you see that its refers to
Saturn,
Atmosphere appears before that, closer than any of
the other answer choices
Saturn’ theoretical construction is the subject of the
first clause, and it is the subject of the other two
clauses in the same sentence This parallel position
helps you see that it refers to Saturn theoretical
construction
The passage states that the rings are estimated to be
no thicker than ten miles (lines 11-12), which means
less than ten miles thick (1.5, 2.18, 2.19)
10 C
EXERCISE 5.5.C (p 582)
The Amazon River, or the Amazon, is the subject of the
first two sentences, and J7 is the subject of the next
sentence This parallel position helps you see that it
refers to the Amazon River
2 Most of the river's drainage basin is the subject of one
sentence, and Jt is the subject of the next sentence This
parallel position helps you see that /t refers to the river &
drainage basin
3 Low, muddy islands appears immediately before These
These refers t0 low, ‘muddy islands
4 The homeowner is the one who answers the telephone
and has her dinner interrupted Common sense tells you
that her and she refer to the homeowner
5 Consumers is the subject of one sentence, and They is the
subject of the next sentence This parallel position helps
you see that They refers to consumers
6 Telemarketing is the topic of the passage This field refers
to telemarketing
DELTA's KEy 10 THE TOEFL® Test
Quz 5 (p 386)
2 D
3 C
4 C
3 A
6 B
7 D
8 B 9A
10 C
li A
12 D
13 C
14 A
15 C
16 A
17 D
18 B
19 C
Most of the sentences in paragraph 1 discuss effects
of the Great Depression (A) is not dealt with
(C) and (D) are too general (3.1) The previous two sentences discuss people who were unemployed and became poor (A) would not make sense (B) and (C) are not mentioned as thrown out of their apartments (3.3) Big business owners appears before their, closer than (A) or (B) (D) would not make sense (3.3) Some people is the subject of the previous clause in the same sentence, a parallel position that helps you see that others refers to people (A) would not make sense (B) and (D) are farther from others (3.3) The correct answer paraphrases lines 13-15 (B) and (C) are beliefs of President Reagan’s supporters, not his critics (D) is not known; the passage does not mention how many people received more wealth (3.2)
Whether President Reagan’s childhood shaped his philosophy is neither mentioned nor implied (A) is
a major point of paragraph 1 (C) paraphrases lines 1-2 (D) is a major point of paragraph 2 (3.1, 3.2) The general message of the passage is that merchandising is a way for retail stores to persuade shoppers to buy goods Most of the sentences in the passage define merchandising by giving examples of merchandising techniques (A) is a background detail (B) is inaccurate (C) is too general (3.1) See lines 5-6 (3.2)
At eye level appears before there, in the same sentence (B), (C), and (D) are farther from there
items appears before those, in the same sentence
(A), (B), and (D) are farther from those (3.3) The passage does not mention shopping carts (B), (C), and (D) are all mentioned (3.2)
Shoppers appears in the previous sentence, and common sense tells you that shoppers would be likely to pick up and buy additional items (A) and (B) are farther away in both structure and meaning
(C) would not make sense (3.3) Most of the sentences in the passage discuss the living habits of muskrats (A) is too
general (B) and (D) are too specific (3.1) The passage does not mention bushy tail Rudderlike tail (line 4) has a different meaning (B), (C), and (D) are all mentioned in paragraph 1 or 2 (3.2) See lines 6-7 (A), (B), and (D) are not mentioned in relation to the construction of the muskrat’s mouth
(3.2) Muskrats and their habits are the topic of the passage, and common sense tells you muskrats is a better answer than (B), (C), and (D), which are all parts of the muskrat’s body (3.3)
Houses and feeding platforms appears before they,
in the same sentence This is the only answer choice that would be added to and house only one individual (A) and (B) would not make sense
(C) is farther away from they (3.3) The correct answer paraphrases lines 14-17 (A) and (C) are not mentioned (D) is untrue; it is entrances, not houses, that are underwater (3.2)
Muskrats are the subject of the passage (A) would not make sense (B) appears in the previous paragraph (D) is not mentioned (3.3)
657
Trang 4ANSWER KEY
20 The correct answer paraphrases lines 19-21
(A) is inaccurate; see lines 13-14 (C) is inaccurate;
see lines 15-17 (D) is untrue; overcrowding is a
possible result, not a cause, of flooding; see lines
18-19 (3.2)
EXERCISE 3.4.A (p 398)
10
>>
wWoron
Demand it is similar in meaning to insist on it
Amounts tenames denominations, following or
Rain is a type of precipitation
Change is similar in meaning to transformation
All of the things in the list (lines 2~3) are people A
rogue is a dishonest person
Enhanced is similar in meaning to fortified
Additional is similar in meaning to supplemental
Insufficiencies is similar in meaning to deficiencies
: 5.4.B (p 400)
Prediction is similar in meaning to forecasting The
prefixes pre— and fore- both mean before
A modem is an electronic device that connects a
computer to a telephone line
Wares in this context are items for sale
An array is a collection of things that are arranged
in some kind of order
Excess is closest in meaning to dross, which is waste
material, or something to throw away
Called on is similar in meaning to invoke The stem
—vok— means call
Covered is closest in meanitig to decked in this
context
Picking is closest in meaning to plucking in this
context
Symbol is closest in meaning to token in this
context
Paragraph 3 discusses the rose as a sign of secrecy
Sub rosa means secretly
EXERCISE 3.4.0 (p 402)
1
10
B
The topic of the passage is the life span of stars
Paragraphs 2 through 4 each discuss a different
stage in a star’s existence
Unchangeable is a synonym for immutable
Interstellar clouds are clouds between stars The
prefix inter~ means between
Unites is closest in meaning to coalesces in
context
A protostar is the earliest form of a star; during this
stage, the star is still forming and is not yet a true
star
A process of fusion reaction, in which hydrogen is
converted to helium, is identified in the previous
sentence (lines 12~13)
Forced is closest in meaning to exerted in this
context
See lines 16-18 When a protostar stops contracting,
it becomes a star and enters its main sequence
Enlarges is similar in meaning to swells in this
context
A cinder is an object that is partially or completely
burned
Exercise 5.4.D (p 403)
1 Stands for is closest in meaning to signifies Both are
verbs with the same subject, the lotus
658
Derive has the same meaning as stem in this context
Both are verbs with the same subject, the last two meanings
Not dirtied is closest in meaning to unsullied
Sealed is closest in meaning to airtight in this context
Loaded is closest in meaning to /aden in this context
Intensify is closest in meaning to aggravate Both are verbs that mean make worse in this context
Quiz 4 AG 407)
10
Tool-like is closest in meaning to instrumental in this context, Clues: shaping rocks, sculpted by the water (lines 3-4)
Wear away is similar in meaning to erode Clues:
softer, at a different rate, creating pockets (lines 8-9); until a layer of erosion-resistant harder rock under it emerges (line 17)
Successive is closest in meaning to alternating
Clues: above and below, layers of hard and soft rock (lines 12-13)
Breaking is closest in meaning to faulting in this context Clues: exposed alternating layers, formed
by, and uplifting (lines 12-14)
Not numerical is closest in meaning to nonquantitative Clues: may relate to history, past experience, instinct, judgment, morality; decision making as an art (lines 4-6)
Consequences is similar in meaning to outcomes
Clue: resulting from these choices (line 9)
Express clearly is closest in meaning to spell out explicitly Clues: clarify, identify (lines 11-12)
Limitations has the same meaning as constraints in this context Clue: /imiting (line 12)
Confused by is closest in meaning to confounded by
Clue: different uncertainties (line 14)
Carried out is similar in meaning to implemented
Clue: the social and political context in which the decision will be (line 19)
Guz 5 DP 409)
apr
The passage does not support the idea that Americans are having fewer children than in the past (A) is supported in lines 1-3 (B) is supported
in line 10 (C) is supported in lines 7-8 and paragraph 4 (3.1)
Adult Americans appears before those, in the same sentence (B) would be redundant before more than
90 percent have married (line 3) (C) is inaccurate;
men are not specified (D) would not make sense with born in the 1920s (3.3)
C_ Never before seen is closest in meaning to unprecedented Clues: prefix pre—- means before;
growing share, postponing marriage for so long (lines 5-6) (3.4)
See lines 5-6 (3.2) Unavoidable is closest in meaning to inevitable
Clues: The general message of paragraph 2 is that people are either not marrying or waiting longer to remarry Also, a key clause is put these trends together with our increasing life expectancy (line 9)
(3.4) B_ Median age is defined following the verb is (line 13) 4.4)
DELTA'e KEY 10 THE TOEFL® Test
Trang 57D
8 Cc
9 A
10 C
1 B
12 8B
13 A
4, A
15 D
16 C
17 B
18 C
19 D
20 A
EXERCISE
1c
2D
3 €
4.B
5 D
6 A
EXERCISE
1B
2
3 A
4A
5 B
6 D
See lines 14~16 In 1890 the median age at which
men first married was 26.1, and in the 1950s (which
is between 1947 and 1962), it was 22.6 This is a
decrease of more than 3 years (3.2)
See lines 16-17 (3.2)
See line 18 The prefix inter- means between (3.4)
Unmarried couples appears before them, in the same
sentence (A), (B), and (D) are farther from them
G3)
The main idea of the passage is that the heroic and
the comic were combined and that American
popular heroes were comic heroes (A) and (D) are
supporting ideas (C) is inaccurate, (3.1)
Heroic themes appears before those and is the
subject of the same sentence (A) and (D) appear in
paragraph 1 (C)} would not make sense (3.3)
The passage does not mention fluid use of language
as a heroic theme (B), (C), and (D) are all
mentioned or paraphrased in paragraph 2 (3.2)
Opponents is similar in meaning to antagonists
Clues: combats, against (lines 9-10) (3.4)
See lines 20-22 and 25-27 The hero-clown is the
topic of the passage, and the blending of heroic and
comic themes is illustrated in the Davy Crockett
legends (3.2)
See line 15 (3.2)
Heroic act is closest in meaning to exploit in this
context Clue: saving the earth (line 15) (3.4)
Bravery is similar in meaning to prowess Clues:
fearlessness, bold (line 19) 3.4)
This is an important supporting idea in the passage;
it paraphrases lines 22-24 (A) is inaccurate; the
author does not imply that American writers strove
to be distinct (B) is inaccurate; the author implies
only that Americans liked laughing at hero—clowns
(C) is inaccurate; nothing is said about Americans
liking the comic more than the heroic (3.2)
Uncertainty is a synonym for ambiguity Clues:
vagueness, the unexpected, never quite certain
whether to laugh or applaud (lines 23-27) (3.4)
BBA (p 418)
Key: temporary workers are hired by shops during
busy seasons such as Christmas
Keys: have a large range, living in hollow trees,
hiss, snarl, spit
Keys: vague, burden, terrifying, self-defeating
illusion
All of the sentences discuss how either
communications or transportation has affected
business
Key: All fifty states have forest lands
Keys: shaping tongues and grooves, making wooden
pegs, fitting all these neatly together
3B.B (p 420)
Key: He evidently sighted land
Keys: battling local tribes of Inuits, Thorfinn was
killed, continued threats
Key: only the first attack of the European invasion
The topic of the passage is baseball statistics A//
those basics (line 4) means basic statistics
Key: sophisticated statistics
Ty Cobb and Mickey Cochran are mentioned with
Joe Dimaggio (lines 13-14), and Joe Dimaggio is
called a star player (line 18)
Detta’s Key To THE TOEFL® Test
10
The main idea of the passage is that baseball is the greatest statistics game there is
Mrs Lincoln died from drinking the milk of cows that had eaten snakeroot; you can conclude that snakeroot is a plant that is poisonous to humans
Keys: a reconstruction of the little house, interpreters, happy to answer one’s questions, visitor center
Keys: Thomas Lincoln took his family, Abraham Lincoin’s boyhood home, the presidents mother
EXERCISE 3.5.C (p 425)
wn wa
ma >w
Sox aus
A
Only BlBats that can withstand having their roots submerged in water grow in swamps, and red maple
is a swamp tree
Key: tree, shrub, and herbaceous layers
Herbaceous plants grow in the layer beneath shrubs, and cardinal flower, jewelweed, and marsh marigold grow beneath shrubs
Keys: half the expenditure of time and money (line 3), housed quickly (line 8), quick-grown American city (line 22)
The author compares the time and money it took
to build this church with what it usually took to construct a building in 1833
See lines 4-5
An upstart city is one that grows suddenly and quickly A flood of people is a large number of people
See lines 9~11 and 17-18
See lines 18-20
Balloon—frame construction became conventional (standard) and was used extensively in both city and suburban development in the twentieth century
Guz ° (p 426)
See lines 4-6 (A) is inaccurate; the author does not imply that people generally view culture this way
(B) and (C) are not supported by the information in the passage
Skin and eye color are physical adaptations to climate (A), (B), and (D) all involve knowledge, concepts, or values that are shared by members of a group
The author states that the U S is complex and that identifying the core culture of a premodern society is easier than identifying that of the U.S This implies that the culture of a premodern society is simpler
(A) is not true according to the passage (C) is not true according to the passage (lines 4-5) (D) is irrelevant here
See lines 14-15 to see who was excluded from the conception of “men” who were created equal; from this, you can conclude that “men” referred to white men who owned property (B) is irrelevant here
(C) is inaccurate; the idea had a limited meaning originally (D) is inaccurate; the idea was expressed
by the founding fathers in 1776, but this does not imply it became part of the core culture then
The idea of equality is still used by victimized groups in their struggle for equality (lines 17-18)
(B) is not supported by the information in the passage (C) is not true according to the passage
(D) is inaccurate; no cause—result relationship is implied between core values and victimization
659
Trang 6ANSWER KEY
10
Exercise
1
2
EXERCISE
1
2
3
660
D
Cc
A
Cc
D
D
Keys: The first man’s step onto the moons surface;
In the eight years from 1961 to 1969, .the reality
of a lunar landing (A) is inaccurate; several people,
including President Kennedy, believed it was
possible (C) and (D) are not supported by the
information in the passage
Nothing in the passage suggests when management
science was developed in relation to computers
(A) is implied in lines 9-12 (C) is implied in tie
together a project with thousands of disparate
components (line 11) (D) is implied in overcome
unforeseen obstacles (lines 10-11)
Keys: NASA administrators, had to choose the best
design, commissioned the Apollo module (A), (B),
and (D) are not supported by the information in the
passage
The main idea of the passage is that management
science played an important role in the space
program (A) and (B) are not supported by the
information in the passage (C) is inaccurate; by
stressing the essential role of management science,
the author is suggesting the opposite
Key: strove to find ways to make the operations
as productive and economical as possible (lines
20-21) (B) and (C) are too general; neither
mentions management science (D) is too general; it
does not focus on the space program
B.A (p 436)
The author is explaining the work, life, and reputa-
tion of Mary Cassatt
You can infer that Whistler and Sargent were
American painters The author compares Cassatt’s
“American—ness” to that of Whistler and Sargent
The author gives three reasons why Cassatt should
be seen in the American context
The passage is a historical account of Herschel’s
contribution to the development of the reflecting
telescope
Key: much like Galileo and Newton You can infer
that Galileo and Newton were also scientists who
either built or wanted to build telescopes
The discovery of Uranus was one of Herschel’s
accomplishments
Recording their positions and his “Book of Sweeps”
refer to a written record kept by Herschel
The quotation marks (“”) show where the author
quotes Herschel
3.G.B (p 437)
The author states that Gifford Pinchot was foremost
in promoting forestry as a career
Key: the first collegiate school of professional
forestry
Keys: do research, teach in colleges and
universities
A new class of worker is a group of employees
of a new type; because of telecommunications
technology, such as computers and modems, these
people can work at home rather than at their
company’s office
This paragraph discusses the benefits of
telecommuting
This paragraph discusses the disadvantages—
Self—discipline is the ability to motivate and train oneself Without supervision means independently
A secretary who works at home four days a week is
a telecommuter
EXERCISE 3.6.C (p 439) Paragraph 3 outlines the primary functions of most small business owners
Paragraph 2 discusses the three most common types of small business structures
To give an example of a franchise operation Such as tells you that gas stations are an example of franchise operations (3.2)
In general, companies are considered as small businesses
if their yearly sales are below $9 million
The owners are also liable for the firm’ debts This sen- tence refers to both sole proprietorships and partnerships
Liable means responsible; debts are money owed
Some businesses function with only one person The author illustrates this with the example of a bicycle shop owner who performs every job in the business
Guz 7 ÂU 442)
”ø ow
The passage illustrates the theory of probability with the example of a coin toss (B) is not supported; the experiment illustrates the theory (C) and (D) are supporting details (3.6)
The author tells you that a tossed coin will land sometimes heads and sometimes tails; you can infer that the two sides of a coin are called heads and tails, (A) is not supported; we cannot say what the result of a coin toss will be for certain, but we can guess (B) is irrelevant (C) is not supported; the author says perhaps you would argue that the coin has an equal chance; this does not imply the coin does have an equal chance (3.5)
In lines 13-15 the author summarizes the results
of Kerrich’s ten thousand trials (3.6) Keys: Probability describes the predictable long-run patterns of random outcomes (lines 2-3);
after many trials, the proportion of heads settled down to a fixed number (lines 14—15); also, Kerrich’s experiment involved ten thousand coin tosses (A) is inaccurate; Kerrich’s experiment led to the probability of a head as 0.507 (B) is irrelevant
(D) is not true according to the passage; see lines
8-10 and 13~14) (3.5)
The author discusses Franklin in a positive way, focusing on his accomplishments in science and politics (A) is inaccurate; the author does not try to change your opinion (C) is inaccurate; the author is not neutral (D) is inaccurate; the author focuses more on facts than feelings (3.6)
Keys: said many things we still say today, new American words (B) and (D) are not supported by the information in the passage (C) is inaccurate;
new words were created to describe Franklin’s inventions, not him (3.5)
The author tells you that Franklin owned a printing shop (line 6), and the possessive his appears before the names of both the newspaper and the almanac
(A), (B), and (D) are not supported by the information in the passage (3.5)
His famous “kite-key experiment.” (3.6) Paragraph 4 discusses Franklin’s political life (3.6)
DELTA'2 KEY To THE TOEFL® Test
Trang 710 D = Key: in his will, he listed himself first as “Printer.”
(A) is not supported by the information in the
passage (B) is inaccurate; Franklin helped Jefferson,
but this does not imply Jefferson could not finish by
himself (C) is inaccurate; whole man and man of the
world mean Franklin was well-rounded and widely
influential, not wealthy or materialistic (3.5)
Quiz & (p 445)
LB
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
All of the paragraphs discuss a popular American
house style called Queen Anne (A) is too general
{C) and (D) are too specific; they are supporting
details 3.1)
“Queen Anne” appears before This, closer than (A),
(B), or (D) (3.3)
The passage does not mention decorative windows
as a characteristic (B), (C), and (D) are all
mentioned or paraphrased in paragraph 2 (3.2)
Ornate means elaborate and showy (A), (B), and
(D) are not supported by the information in the
passage (3.5)
Unbalanced is closest in meaning to asymmetrical in
this context Clue: how drastically different the right
and left sides are (3.4)
See lines 17-18 (3.2)
Fans is closest in meaning to buffs in this context
Clues: favorite symbols, painstakingly and lovingly
3.4)
Keys: favorite symbols of the past, painstakingly
and lovingly restored, reproduced by contemporary
builders (A) is untrue according to the passage (C)
is not supported by the information in the passage
{D) is too general (3.5)
The style was loosely based on medieval buildings
(3.6)
Paragraphs 2-4 discuss either European or American
exploration of Colorado (B) is a background detail
(C) is a supporting detail (D) is an implied detail;
the emphasis is on exploration for potential future
exploitation (3.1)
Anasazi buildings can still be seen; they were
built of stone, which has withstood the wear of
the centuries since the 1200s Clues: Anasazi
archaeological site (lines 19-20), stone houses
and other Anasazi remains (line 28) (3.4, 3.5)
Gold, pelts, and slaves had commercial value
Keys: prospecting and trading party (lines 7-8),
commercial value (line 11) (A) is inaccurate; Rivera
found little of commercial value (B) is irrelevant
(C) is not supported; the author’s attitude is more
objective than critical, (3.5, 3.6) °
Southwestern Colorado is the subject of the passage
and the region explored by Rivera (3.3)
Key: left names on the land (A) is inaccurate;
unsuccessful can have many meanings (C) is inac-
curate; some details are known (D) is not supported
by the information in the passage (3.5)
See lines 16-17 (3.2)
Stronghold is closest in meaning to fastness in this
context, Clues: penetrated deeply, mountain (3.4)
Keys: adventurous, a tough bunch, penetrated
deeply into the mountain fastness (B) is inaccurate;
Peg—leg Smith obtained his supplies in the trapping
town of Taos (C) and (D) are not supported by the
information in the passage (3.5)
De.ta’s KEY To THE TOEFL® Test
18 D
19 C
20 B
EXERCISE
LA
2 8B
William Becknell was the father of the Santa Fe Trail; this implies he discovered or built the trail
(A), (B), and (C) are not supported by the information in the passage (3.5)
The passage is an account of a certain period in Colorado’s history (A), (B), and (D) are ali inaccurate or relate to details instead of the main purpose (3.6)
The passage does not mention the discovery of gold and mentions only some insignificant silver—-bearing rocks (line 9) (A) is the topic of paragraph 1 (C) is stated in lines 5-6 (D) is an important idea implied throughout the passage (3.2)
3.7.A (p 453)
In the added sentence, Most of them refers to kindergartners, the subject of the previous sentence
Tn the added sentence, However is a transition that shows contrast between appear relatively dry in the previous sentence and spongy and wet to the touch
The added sentence introduces peat accumulation, which is expanded on in the following sentence, Peat deposits 6 to 12 meters deep are not
UunCcOomMON
In the added sentence, The most obvious benefit refers to trees are good for the environment in the previous sentence
The added sentence introduces the demand for air-conditioning, which the following sentence develops with This translates into reduced emissions
In the added sentence, 7/ refers to Corn, the subject
of the previous sentence
The purpose of the added sentence is to introduce the topic of paragraph 2 The rest of the sentences give examples
In the added sentence, A// activities refers back to planting and harvesting in the previous sentence
Also, the added sentence introduces the concept of unity, which the following sentence expands on
Quiz 9 (p 452)
1 B In the added sentence, This irritation refers to an inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the previous sentence (3.3) (A) would not make sense (C) would interrupt the ideas in consecutive sentences
(D) would be less coherent than the correct answer
In the added sentence, Other symptoms naturally follows the cough in the previous sentence (A) and (B) would interrupt the ideas in consecutive sentences (D) would be less coherent than the correct answer
The added sentence introduces the topic of chronic bronchitis, which is developed in the rest of the paragraph (B) would be less coherent than the correct answer (C) and (D) would interrupt the ideas in consecutive sentences
In the added sentence, Their refers to Hopewell Indians in the previous sentence (3.3) (A) would not make sense (C) and (D) are too far away from the referent of Their
In the added sentence, They refers to artifacts in the previous sentence (A) would not make sense (B) would be less coherent than the correct answer (D) would not make sense; the pipes do not include shell beads, bear and shark teeth, and so on
66!
Trang 8ANSWER KEY
6 D
7D
8 C
9 A
10 D
Quiz 10 (
LA
2 C
3 B
4 D
5 C
6 B
1A
8 C
9D
10 A
662
The purpose of the added sentence is to describe
part of a process; then covered with earth and
overlaid is a clue; this sentence logically follows
the bodies were laid in the previous sentence (A)
and (B) would not make sense (C) would be less
coherent than the correct answer
In the added sentence, However is a transition that
shows contrast between traders worked out different
rates of exchange in the previous sentence and this
was a long, slow process (A) would not make
sense (B) and (C} would be less coherent than the
correct answer
In the added sentence, for example tells you the
purpose of the sentence is to illustrate something;
here it illustrates ordinary people continued to
barter, the idea introduced in the previous sentence
(A) would not make sense (B) would not make
sense because the added sentence would not
illustrate the previous sentence (D) would be less
coherent than the correct answer
The added sentence introduces the topic of paper
money (B) would interrupt the ideas in consecutive
sentences (C) and (D) would be jess coherent than
the correct answer
The added sentence expresses cause, Because paper
money made trade easier and more efficient, and
tesult, its use quickly caught on throughout the
world The sentence functions best as the conclusion
of the passage (A), (B) and (C) would interrupt the
ideas in consecutive sentences
p 465)
Material is closest to meaning to fodder in this
context Black holes give writers and scientists
material to work with (3.4)
The paragraph describes the conditions that lead to
the formation of a black hole (A) is too general (B)
is inaccurate; the paragraph does not instruct in how
to build (D) is a supporting detail (3.1)
See lines 7-8 The dashes are a punctuation clue;
the information between the two dashes defines
exclusion principle (3.2, 3.4)
Counteract is similar in meaning to offset Clues:
will not be strong enough, will overwhelm (lines
8-9) The prefix counter- means against (3.4)
Key: nothing, not even light, can escape (line 16)
(A), (B), and (D) are not supported by the informa-
tion in the passage (3.5)
Physicists is the subject of one sentence, and Most
is the subject of the next sentence This parallel
position helps you see that Most refers to physicists
(A), (C), and (D) are farther from Most (3.3)
The passage does not mention experience of
amusement, (B), (C), and (D) are all mentioned
or paraphrased in paragraph 4 (3.2)
A cartoon character who jumps into a hole (lines
13-14) is a graphic image (3.6)
Keys: provided endless imaginative fodder endless
theoretical fodder (lines 1-2), physicists have been
amusing themselves (line 19) (A), (B), and (C) are
not supported by the information in the passage
(3.5)
The purpose of the added sentence is to introduce
the topic of black holes The sentence functions best
as the opening of the passage (B), (C), and (D)
would interrupt the ideas in consecutive sentences
ll B_ The stockaded villages contained longhouses (lines
1-5), but nothing in the passage suggests that each longhouse was a separate village (A) is supported in paragraphs 34 (C) is supported in paragraph 2 (D)
is supported in lines 9-10 and 24-25 (3.1, 3.2)
12 B_ Fences is closest in meaning to palisades in this
context Clues: twenty—foot long, surrounded and protected, acted as a defensive wall (3.4)
13 A Keys: elevated areas which were easy to defend, palisades surrounded and protected, defensive wall, (B), (C), and (D) are not supported by the information in paragraph 1 (3.5)
14 D_ The passage does not mention small windows as
part of a fonghouse (A), (B), and (C) are all mentioned in paragraph 3 (3.2)
15 C Smokes holes is the subject of one sentence, and
These is the subject of the next sentence This parallel position helps you see that These refers to smoke holes (A) and (B) are farther from These
(D) would not make sense; intervals means the spacing between smoke holes (3.3)
16 C See line 20 Animal hide is animal skin (3.2)
17 A Partitioned is closest in meaning to
compartmentalized in this context; both words have the stem —part- Clue: accommodate each family
@.4)
18 D_ Key: ứnages oƒclan symbols represented the families From this, you can infer that each family
in the longhouse was a member of a clan (A) and (B) are not supported by the information in the passage (C) is inaccurate; the clan symbols were over the door, not part of the door (3.5)
19 .B_ The longhouse varied in size from twenty feet by
sixteen feet, to huge multiple family dwellings sixty feet by eighteen feet (3.6)
20 C The purpose of the added sentence is to give
examples of the trees from which bark was obtained, (A), (B), and (D) would interrupt the ideas in consecutive sentences (3.7)
READING COMPREHENSION REVIEW TEST (p 467)
1 B_ See lines 2-3 (3.2)
2 D_ Hired is closest in meaning to recruited in this context Clue: to be his co—-commander (3.4)
3 D The author states that Sacajawea later became an American legend (line 12) From this, you can infer that she is a well-known heroine (A) is inaccurate;
the author implies Charbonneau was not Native American but Sacajawea was (lines 10-11)
(BŸ¡s inaccurate; Sacajawea had been abducted as
a child (line 17) (C) is inaccurate; the Teton Sioux demanded tribute (line 16) (3.5)
4 A Elk and antelope appears before they, in the same sentence, and is modified by the phrase so innocent
of human contact that, common sense tells you this
is the most likely answer choice to tamely approach the men (B) and (D) are farther from they (C) would not make sense (3.3)
5 B_ Ruined is closest in meaning to blighted in this context Clues: a hell, by mosquitoes (3.4)
6 A Lewis and Clark did not encounter dinosaurs, which are extinct, but they did find dinosaur bones (line 23) (B), (C), and (D) are all mentioned in paragraph
3 (3.2)
DELTA’S KEY TO THE TOEFL® Teer
Trang 910
il
12,
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Benefit is closest in meaning to boon in this context
Clues: Their glowing descriptions provided a, to
the westward migration now becoming a permanent
part (3.4)
The explorers also found a hell blighted by
mosquitoes and winters harsher than anyone
could reasonably hope to survive They became
desperately lost, then found their way again (3.6)
Keys: a new natural wealth of variety and
abundance (lines 6~7); their glowing descriptions of
this vast new West provided a boon to the westward
migration (lines 25-26) (A), (C), and (D) are not
supported by the information in the passage (3.5)
All of the paragraphs develop the idea that the
invisible aspects of culture are important (B) is too
general (C) and (D) are supporting details (3.1, 3.6)
Intentionally is closest in meaning to deliberately in
this context Clues: earned consciously {line 4)
(3.4)
Most aspects of culture can not be seen, just as
most of an iceberg can not be seen because it is
underwater; only the tip of the iceberg is visible, just
as only the explicit aspects of culture are visible
(3.4, 3.5)
The passage does not mention what food to eat in a
courthouse (A), (C), and (D) are all mentioned or
paraphrased in lines 8-10 (3.2)
Invisible cultural assumptions appeats before those,
in the same sentence (A), (C), and (D) are farther
from those (3.3)
The author states that conflicts may arise when we
fail to recognize others’ behavioral differences as
cultural rather than personal (B), (C), and (D) are
not supported by the information in paragraph 3
(3.5)
Key: collection sites for invisible cultural differences
(line 20) (A) is untrue according to the passage
(B) is not supported; in fact, the context suggests
otherwise (D) is irrelevant (3.5)
Foreign is closest in meaning to exotic in this
context Clue: Yet when such a man is dressed
similarly to us (lines 24-25) (3.4)
Strange behavior from someone speaking our
language is an example of an invisible cultural
difference; because that person speaks like us, we
might misinterpret their behavior as a personal
rather than a cultural difference (A) involves no
cultural difference and thus no misunderstanding
(B) and (C) would probably not be misinterpreted
because they invoive visible, rather than invisible,
cultural differences (3.5) _
In the added sentence, Rather is a transition that
shows contrast between we usually do not recognize
their behavior as cultural in origin in the previous
sentence and we see them as rude or uncooperative
Also, them refers to other people in the previous
sentence (A), (B), and (C) either would not make
sense or would be less coherent than the correct
answer (3.7)
All of the paragraphs develop the topic of Dewey’s
theory of experience (A), (B), and (C) are all
supporting details (3.1)
Key: born in Vermont in 1859; throughout his life he
kept the respect for experience that shaped the
character of the nineteenth-century Vermonter (lines
2-4) (A), (B), and (C) are not supported by the
information in the passage (3.5)
DeLtA’s Key TO THE TOEFL® Test
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
35
36
37
39
oO”
Creative is closest in meaning to reconstructive
in this context Clue: experience and knowledge building on each other You can also analyze the parts of reconstructive: re- means again; con—
means together; —struct- means build (3.4) Theory of experience appears before its, in the same sentence, closer than (A), (C), or (D) (3.3) The interplay between one’s previous knowledge and one’s present situation is Dewey’s definition
of experience; see lines 9-11 (A) and (B) are inaccurate; rejecting the old could be dangerous unless the new were rooted in a correct idea of experience (C) is inaccurate; Dewey believed that education and experience were not the same thing
(line 13) (3.2)
Deforms is closest in meaning to distorts in this context Clues: contributes to the growth of, but, miseducative (3.4)
Dewey believed that experience can be miseducative
if it distorts the growth of further experience (lines 15-16) (A), (B), and (D) are all paraphrased in paragraph 2 or 3 (3.2)
See lines 18~19 (B) is untrue according to lines 14-16 (C) is inaccurate according to lines 8-9 (D)
is not dealt with in the passage (3.2) Abundanily is closest in meaning to prolifically in this context Clues: long life, lectured and published, range and diversity of Dewey's writings (3.4) The added sentence gives examples that develop lectured and published prolifically in the previous sentence; also, These writings in the following sentence refers to several works in the added sentence (B), (C), and (D) would be less coherent than the correct answer (3.7)
Most of the information in the passage discusses the characteristics and effects of tornadoes (B), (C), and (D) are all supporting ideas (3.1)
Danger is similar in meaning to jeopardy Clues:
devastating blasts, sending debris flying, lifting buildings from their foundations (3.4)
Keys: some mystery still surrounds tornadoes, cannot be predicted (A) is not supported by the information in lines 6-9 (B) is irrelevant (C) is inaccurate according to the information in lines 6-9
(3.5) See lines 9-10 (3.2) Solar heating and thunderstorm development appears before their, in the same sentence (A), (B), and (D) are all farther from their (3.3)
Rotating is closest in meaning to whirling in this context Clues: vortices, around the central core, spin (3.4)
See lines 16-18 (A) is inaccurate; the funnel can be grayish white (line 17) (C) is not supported; the passage does not mention the end of a thunderstorm
(D) is inaccurate; tornadoes favor the warmest part
of day (line 11), but this does not imply they occur only during the afternoon (3.2)
See line 20, (3.2) Paragraph 3 discusses the shape and color of tornadoes
The passage develops the idea that tornadoes are
a powerful and destructive force of nature (A) is inaccurate; see paragraph 2 (C) is inaccurate;
tornadoes accompany thunderstorms, which are not generally considered to be disasters (D) is not supported by the information in the passage (3.5)
6653
Trang 10ANSWER KEY
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
30
664
B In the added sentence, Aowever is a transition that
shows contrast between the discussion of a tornado’s
direction in the two previous sentences and the
discussion of tornadoes that change directions (A)
would not make sense (C) would interrupt the ideas
in consecutive sentences (D) would be less coherent
than the correct answer (3.7)
All of the paragraphs discuss the central role of
advertising in selling products (A) is inaccurate; the
passage does not describe a process (B) and (D) are
supporting details (3.1)
Repeatedly buying the same brand is mentioned in
the previous sentence (A) and (B) would not make
sense (D) is too far from ¢his (3.3)
Key: identify potential users of a product (A) is
inaccurate; new products are not specified (B) is
inaccurate; homemakers and professional people are
not specified (C) is inaccurate; newspapers and
magazines are not the only places for ads (3.5)
See lines 9-10, (B) and (D) are not dealt with in the
passage (C) is inaccurate; searching for workers is
not part of market research according to the passage
(3.2)
Key: constant need for creative ideas (A) is
inaccurate; it repeats words from lines 12-13 to
confuse you (B) is inaccurate; college-educated
workers are not necessarily the same as talented
workers (line 16) (C) is irrelevant (3.5)
Traditional families had two parents and two
children; see lines 17-18 (3.2)
Divided is closest in meaning to fragmented in this
context Clue: into many groups (3.4)
Differently is closest in meaning to in a new light in
this context Clue: for instance, gave a new image
(line 25) (3.4)
Computer graphics is an example of a new
technology (3.6)
The purpose of the added sentence is to introduce
the topic of advertising as an essential part of the
marketing process The sentence functions best as
the opening of the passage (B) and (C) would
interrupt the ideas in consecutive sentences (D)
would be less coherent than the correct answer (3.7)
PRACTICE TESTS TEST 1
SECTION 1 — LISTENING (p 519)
1,
10
i
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
20
B_ Bill doesn’t know how to program his VCR; the woman asks a negative question, “Why doesn’t he just read the instruction manual?” implying Bill should read the instructions (1.7)
C The woman says Dr Hernandez is great and inspired her to major in science; the man says Dr Hemandez
is teaching zoology in winter; the man will probably register for zoology (1.8)
Get out of = avoid work or trouble The woman managed to avoid working this weekend (1.2)
A The man asked at an upholstery shop, but new covers would be “really expensive”; he implies he does not want to pay a lot for new covers (1.1, 1.7}
B_ The negative expression “Nothing could surprise me more” means the news of Gregorio being accepted into medical school surprises her more than any other news she might hear (1.4)
C The condition “if only they would call” is unreal;
the past tense verb means they did xof call;
therefore, the woman does not know if she got the job (1.3, 2.12)
Rick has been building houses at least six or seven years, which means more than six years (1.5) Figure out = find the answer, solve a problem (1.2) Keys: intern in surgery, continue working at the university hospital (1.8)
Back out = withdraw from a promise or agreement
(1.2, 1.7)
The woman is looking for her tour group; the man says, “There’s a bunch of folks over on the boardwalk.” A bunch of folks is a group of people
(B) and (D) have words that sound similar to bunch and boardwalk (1.1)
D_ “I don’t want to miss that” implies she is looking forward to hearing Tom play at his piano recital
(1.8)
B In this context, complimentary means free of charge
ap
Deal with = control or manage (1.2) The man’s house and deck need work; the woman mentions someone at the hardware store who gave her excellent advice, implying the man should also seek the advice of a professional (1.7)
B The student’s father had surgery; therefore, the student must leave school for family reasons (1.14) The student will have to take the final exam within six weeks; there is also a form to fill out
(1.1)
B_ The man says, “I’ve been rethinking our route.”
Most of the conversation is about a change in their driving route to avoid delays due to construction
(1.10) C-A-B-D
oF
A,C
1, Drive north on Route 150 2 Drive through Springdale 3 Drive east to Ransom 4 Take the ferry (1.13) D_ The woman reminds the man that they must be in Ransom by eleven o’clock to make the ferry; she asks, “ are you sure we can go that way and still catch the ferry?” (1.14)
DELrA's Key 10 THE TOEFL® Test