Khí mỏ Sao Vàng Đại Nguyệt sẽ là nguồn bổ sung quan trọng, góp phần cung cấp và đáp ứng nhu cầu tiêu thụ tại khu vực Đông Nam Bộ. Trong đó, các nhà máy điện khí khu vực này chiếm khoảng 22% sản lượng điện cả nước, và nhà máy đạm khu vực này (Phân bón Phú Mỹ PVFCCo) cung cấp khoảng 35% sản lượng urê toàn quốc. Sao Vàng Đại Nguyệt ước tính sẽ bổ sung 1,8 tỷ m3 khí (15% sản lượng hiện tại) cho PV GAS trong năm 2021, tổng sản lượng khí ẩm về bờ năm 2021 tăng 9,5% so với năm 2020, ước tính sẽ đem lại khoảng 8.550 tỷ đồng doanh thu và 1.710 tỷ đồng lợi nhuận gộp cho PV GAS.
INTRODUCTION
This procedure outlines the steps for conducting Coating Procedure Tests (CPT) in compliance with the project’s Coating and Painting Specification All tasks will adhere to project specifications and the latest manufacturer instructions Skilled workers will execute the work safely and professionally.
SCOPE
This procedure outlines how the Contractor will conduct Coating Procedure Tests (CPT) at the worksite before applying coatings to project materials The CPT will be performed under realistic conditions expected during the application process and will adhere to the guidelines provided by the coating manufacturers.
EQUIPMENT
Regular maintenance and inspection of blasting and painting equipment is essential before starting any work, ensuring that the equipment is safe to operate and in optimal condition.
Blasting equipment is essential for effective surface preparation and includes various tools such as auto-blast machines and manual blast machines Key components also feature air compressors, blasting helmets or hoods, and air manifolds with hoses Safety is prioritized with hose safety whip checks and couplings, while air tools for power brushing enhance efficiency Additionally, air filters and separators ensure clean air supply, and adherence to regulations is crucial Lastly, the selection of appropriate blasting hoses and nozzles is vital for optimal performance.
5.2 Painting Equipment a) Airless spray pump b) Airless spray gun c) Paint agitator d) Paint brush/ roller e) Moisture filter/ Separators f) Spray hose/ Tips
TEST PANEL PAINTING REQUIREMENTS
Test panel painting requirements consists of the followings:
PAINT MANUFACTURERS
It is expected that the following paint manufacturers will participate in the Coating Procedure Tests for the Sao Vang Project
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SELECTION OF TEST PANEL
When selecting a test panel, it is essential to choose new plates with a minimum size of 1000 x 1000mm x 5mm Each panel must be properly surface treated and cleaned to meet the required standards Subsequent coats should be applied according to the specified procedure and thickness The Sub-Contractor is required to notify both the Contractor and Client at least one week in advance before conducting qualification tests for each paint system Upon completion of a Coating Performance Test (CPT), if the results are satisfactory, the CPT panel will be marked with the Coating System Number and test date, and it must be retained for the project's duration Additionally, the test panel should be available for inspection by the Company as needed throughout the project.
SURFACE PREPARATION
Before using a test panel, verify its suitability by checking for defects such as pitting To prepare the steel surface for blasting, conduct solvent cleaning following SSPC-SP1 standards to eliminate oil, grease, and other contaminants Additionally, ensure that the abrasive used is the correct size, dry, and uncontaminated; suitable abrasives for blast cleaning should meet these criteria.
- Steel Grit and Steel shot (using for Auto-Blast Machine)
Before commencing the Compressed Air Testing (CPT) and painting process, it is essential to evaluate the quality of the compressed air and abrasive materials, as well as to document the weather conditions The surface finish grade must comply with ISO 8501-1:1988 Sa 2.5 or as specified Surface profile measurements should be checked using a profile comparator, ensuring they fall within the required range of 50-85 microns Additionally, before applying paint, the substrate temperature must be recorded, and spraying can only begin when the steel temperature is at least 3°C above the dew point and relative humidity is below 85%.
When applying coatings and painting, it is essential to check the spray gun tip size for compatibility with the specific coating Ensure that the equipment used, whether conventional or airless, meets the recommended standards During the paint mixing process, begin by agitating the paint base with a power stirrer before adding the curing agent Additionally, document the batch numbers of both the base and curing agent, along with any thinning percentages, in the test panel inspection report for accurate record-keeping.
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The Coating System Qualification Test Procedure outlines essential steps for achieving optimal paint application First, determine the volume solids of the paint to establish the required wet film thickness (WFT) for the minimum specified dry film thickness (DFT) Next, spray the paint on a sample plate or beam to ensure proper atomization and flow, maintaining a distance of 200mm to 600mm from the surface Record the number of passes needed to achieve the required WFT, and immediately clean the system with the recommended cleaner after spraying Allow the coating to cure for at least 12 hours at 32°C or as per the manufacturer's guidelines before applying subsequent coatings Prior to the next application, tape off an 8-inch section of the painted surface and lightly abrade the remaining area, adhering to the overcoating intervals specified by the manufacturer For subsequent coats, repeat steps (a) to (j) to ensure consistency and quality.
Individual coats and completed coatings must undergo a visual inspection to ensure they are smooth and free from defects such as dry spray, pinholes, blisters, craters, and excessive sagging In the case of glass flake surfaces, it is typical to observe an orange peel or wavy texture due to the high dry film thickness (DFT) application.
& high pressure used b) Surface Profile Measurements “Elcometer 124 guage with Testex Press –O- Film Tape”
This article discusses a method for measuring the surface profile of abrasive blasted steel surfaces The process involves using a compressible plastic tape, which is placed on the blast-cleaned surface and compressed with a roller to create a print After removing the replica, its thickness is measured with a micrometer screw gauge, providing the maximum peak-to-valley heights of the blasted surface Additionally, the assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting is addressed.
Dust, blast abrasives etc shall be removed from the surface after blast cleaning such that the particle quantity and particle size do not exceed rating 2 of ISO 8502-3
Acceptable criteria: Dust quantity and size rating 2 is acceptable d) Salt Contamination Test
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File Name: Rev B4
According to ISO 8502-6, the maximum allowable soluble impurities on the blasted surface, when sampled with distilled water, must not exceed a conductivity level that corresponds to a sodium chloride (NaCl) content of 20 mg/m², as measured in accordance with ISO 8502-9.
To ensure accurate measurements, a comb-type gauge should be utilized on a smooth surface The gauge is inserted into the freshly applied wet film, indicating the wet film thickness at the point of contact To determine the desired wet film thickness from the dry film thickness, use the formula for Dry Film Thickness (DFT) measurements.
To determine the dry film thickness (DFT) of a non-magnetic coating on a magnetic substrate, it is essential to use calibrated film thickness gauges, such as those based on magnetic resistance or eddy current principles, like "Elcometer" or "Minitest." Additionally, these gauges must be calibrated daily following the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure accurate measurements.
The determine the dry film thickness (DFT) from the measured wet film thickness, the formula is:
The measurement procedure for measuring of dry thickness thickness shall be in accordance with SSPC-PA2 standard g) Temperature and Relative Humidity:
Temperature and relative humidity must be measured using a Dew Point Meter E319 or an equivalent device, with readings taken before blasting or painting and at regular intervals during any climatic changes All gauges and recorders should be calibrated and certified prior to testing, and any gauges with questionable accuracy must be re-calibrated or discarded Additionally, the Pull Off Test should adhere to ISO 4624 or ASTM D4541 standards.
The adhesive and cohesive strength of coatings is measured using the Elcometer 108 method This test involves applying six dollies to each coat with Epoxy Araldite glue after lightly abrading the attachment area, allowing the glue to cure for a minimum of seven days post-application of the final coat.
Twenty-four hours prior to the Pull-Off Test, it is essential to document the force needed to detach the dollies, reporting the average from at least three pull-off attempts Additionally, the area and mode of failure must be noted If all six dollies on the same coating exhibit glue failures and the results fall below the specified pull-off strength value, reattachment of the dollies will be necessary to assess the coating's strength.
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Coating System No 1 and 7A – Required minimum pull off value 5 Mpafor any single measurement
During the adhesion test conducted during the CPT, any glue failure resulting in values below 15 MPa is deemed unacceptable If the pull-off test fails completely due to 100% glue with a value below 15 MPa, one dolly must be reapplied, and the retest will be conducted the following day.
Contractor may utilize approved inspection equipment or its equivalent, i.e Elcometer, Positector, etc other than describe herein for the inspection of test panel/coating system a) Surface Profile
The Surface Profile Gauge Model 124, equipped with Press-O-Film, delivers accurate peak-to-valley measurements ranging from 0 to 600 microns after blasting Additionally, equivalent instruments can be utilized to evaluate the surface profile effectively Another essential tool is the Wet Film Thickness Gauge, which complements the assessment of surface conditions.
The Wet Film Thickness Gauge (comb type) Model 112 is a specialized measuring tool designed to assess the wet film thickness of freshly applied paint Its unique comb-like structure features teeth that progressively decrease in length, allowing for precise monitoring of paint thickness during application Additionally, the Dry Film Thickness Gauge complements this tool by measuring the thickness of the paint once it has dried.
A magnetic or electro – magnetic gauge maybe used to determine the dry coating thickness, i.e Elcometer 355; 456; Minitest 600; Positector 600 or equivalent d) Temperature and Relative Humidity
The Elcometer E319 or Positector DPM “Dew Point Meter”: Measure and records climatic conditions includings:
Relative humidity, air temperature, surface temperature, dew point temperature and difference between surface and dew point temperatures Ideal for surface preparation as required by ISO 8502-4 e) Pull-Off Test
The Elcometer 108 Hydraulic Adhesion Testers is used to measure the adhesive/cohesive strength of coating system
INSPECTION/ TESTING
Individual coats and completed coatings must undergo a visual inspection to ensure they are smooth and free from defects such as dry spray, pinholes, blisters, craters, and excessive sagging It is important to note that glass flake surfaces may exhibit an orange peel or wavy texture as a result of high dry film thickness (DFT) application.
& high pressure used b) Surface Profile Measurements “Elcometer 124 guage with Testex Press –O- Film Tape”
This method measures the surface profile of abrasive blasted steel by using a compressible plastic tape placed on the blast-cleaned surface A roller compresses the tape, creating a print that captures the surface details After removal, the tape's thickness is measured with a micrometer screw gauge, providing the maximum peak-to-valley height of the blasted surface Additionally, this method assesses dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting.
Dust, blast abrasives etc shall be removed from the surface after blast cleaning such that the particle quantity and particle size do not exceed rating 2 of ISO 8502-3
Acceptable criteria: Dust quantity and size rating 2 is acceptable d) Salt Contamination Test
Title: Coating System Qualification Test Procedure Rev.: Date: Page:
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File Name: Rev B4
The maximum allowable level of soluble impurities on the blasted surface, as determined by ISO 8502-6 using distilled water, must not exceed a conductivity equivalent to a sodium chloride (NaCl) content of 20 mg/m², as measured in accordance with ISO 8502-9.
To measure wet film thickness accurately, a comb-type gauge should be utilized on a smooth surface The gauge is positioned in the freshly applied wet film, and the thickness is determined at the point where the tooth contacts the paint To derive the required wet film thickness from the dry film thickness (DFT), a specific formula can be applied.
To determine the dry film thickness (DFT) of a non-magnetic coating on a magnetic substrate, calibrated film thickness gauges, such as those based on magnetic resistance or eddy current principles (e.g., "Elcometer," "Minitest"), should be utilized It is essential to calibrate these gauges daily following the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure accurate measurements.
The determine the dry film thickness (DFT) from the measured wet film thickness, the formula is:
The measurement procedure for measuring of dry thickness thickness shall be in accordance with SSPC-PA2 standard g) Temperature and Relative Humidity:
Temperature and relative humidity must be measured using a Dew Point Meter E319 or an equivalent device, with readings taken before blasting or painting and at regular intervals during changes in weather conditions All gauges and recorders should be calibrated and certified prior to testing, and any gauges with questionable accuracy must either be re-calibrated or discarded Additionally, the Pull Off Test should adhere to ISO 4624 or ASTM D4541 standards.
The adhesive and cohesive strength of a coating is evaluated using the Elcometer 108 method This test involves applying six dollies to each coated surface with Epoxy Araldite glue, following a light abrasion of the attachment area The glue must be allowed to cure for a minimum of seven days after the final coat is applied.
Twenty-four hours prior to the Pull-Off Test, the force needed to detach the dollies must be documented, with the average taken from at least three pull-off attempts Additionally, the area and type of failure should be noted If all six dollies exhibit adhesive failures and the results fall below the required pull-off strength, reattachment of the dollies is necessary to assess the coating's strength.
Title: Coating System Qualification Test Procedure Rev.: Date: Page:
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File Name: Rev B4
Coating System No 1 and 7A – Required minimum pull off value 5 Mpafor any single measurement
For adhesion tests conducted during the CPT, a glue failure is unacceptable if it yields values below 15 MPa In the event of a pull-off test failure due to 100% glue below this threshold, one dolly will be reapplied and retested the following day.
INSPECTION OF EQUIPMENT
Contractor may utilize approved inspection equipment or its equivalent, i.e Elcometer, Positector, etc other than describe herein for the inspection of test panel/coating system a) Surface Profile
The Surface Profile Gauge Model 124 with Press-O-Film offers dependable peak-to-valley measurements ranging from 0 to 600 microns after blasting This instrument is essential for accurately assessing surface profiles, and a Wet Film Thickness Gauge can also be utilized for similar evaluations.
The Wet Film Thickness Gauge (comb type) Model 112 is a specialized measuring tool designed to assess the wet film thickness of freshly applied paint This instrument features a comb-like structure with teeth that gradually decrease in length, allowing for precise measurements of paint thickness Additionally, it complements the use of a Dry Film Thickness Gauge for comprehensive paint application monitoring.
A magnetic or electro – magnetic gauge maybe used to determine the dry coating thickness, i.e Elcometer 355; 456; Minitest 600; Positector 600 or equivalent d) Temperature and Relative Humidity
The Elcometer E319 or Positector DPM “Dew Point Meter”: Measure and records climatic conditions includings:
Relative humidity, air temperature, surface temperature, dew point temperature and difference between surface and dew point temperatures Ideal for surface preparation as required by ISO 8502-4 e) Pull-Off Test
The Elcometer 108 Hydraulic Adhesion Testers is used to measure the adhesive/cohesive strength of coating system.
CALIBRATION
All inspection equipment must be consistently maintained and calibrated The coating inspector is accountable for ensuring that all testing and inspection tools are properly maintained, calibrated, and functioning at all times Valid calibration certificates should be readily available for verification.
All inspection equipment shall be calibrated on each occasion before use on individual items and thereafter, dependent on frequency of use
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SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
Ensure that each coat of paint is applied only after the previous one has dried adequately Avoid using methods to hasten the drying process that could lead to issues like cracking, wrinkling, or blistering, which may harm the paint's integrity Additionally, protect the painted surface from rain, condensation, and contamination until it is completely dry.
RECORDS
- FM02 Adhesive Strength Test Report
Note: All reports are made by paint manufacturers.
COATING SYSTEM TO BE TESTED
Coat No Generic name Min DFT
1 st coat Zinc rich epoxy primer 60
2 nd coat High build epoxy 170
3 rd coat Acrylic Aliphatic Polyurethane 50
Coat No Generic name Min DFT
1 st coat Glass-flake reinforced polyamine epoxy 300
2 nd coat Glass-flake reinforced polyamine epoxy 300
APPENDICES
- FM02 Adhesive Strength Test Report
SAO VANG AND DAI NGUYET DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
WEATHER CONDITION DT( 0 C) WT( 0 C) ST( 0 C) RH (%) DP( 0 C) SUNNY CLOUDY RAINY
Remarks: - DT= Dry Temperature ( 0 C); - WT=Wet Temperature ( 0 C); - ST = Surface Temperature ( 0 C)
- RH = Relative Humidity (%); - DP = Dew Point ( 0 C)
Time/Date of Blasting Cleanliness:
Surface Profile Achieved: Profile Tap attachment Type of abrasive used:
No Coat No Generic name Specified DFT
Coating Layer 1 st Coat 2 nd Coat 3 rd Coat
Results of WFT Average (àm):
Results of DFT Average (àm):
Remarks: DFT of external coats are included DFT of internal coats
Paint Manufacturer VSP PTSC M&C IKC
Prepared by Checked by Reviewed/witnessed by Reviewed/witnessed by
DAILY TEST PANEL INSPECTION REPORT
Appendix 1 , Rev C Doc No: 2005-4100-4P-2001 Pages : 1/1
SAO VANG AND DAI NGUYET DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Sub-contractor: VSP Adhesion equipment used:
Test panel location: Workshop No 4 - OCD Testing standard: ASTM D4541
Date dolies attached: Date dolies pulled off:
Coat No Generic Name/Product name Specified Min DFT (àm)
Painting System DFT (Microns) Individual
Remarks: Adhesion strength test with Required Pull off value: Min 5Mpa for any single measurement
In case of glue failure, Pull off values below 15 MPa is not accepted.
Paint Manufacturer VSP PTSC M&C IKC
Prepared by: Checked by Witnessed/Reviewed by Witnessed/Reviewed by Signature:
SAO VANG AND DAI NGUYET DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Contractor: PTSC M&C Coating system: No
Sub-contractor: VSP Job No: TEST PANEL
Test panel location: Workshop No 5 - OCD Date: From to
Paint Manufacturer VSP PTSC M&C IKC
Prepared by Checked by Witnessed/Reviewed by Witnessed/Reviewed by Signature:
This report in issued in accordance with our terms and conditions, a copy of which is available on request
E : info@exova.com W: www.exova.com
Registered Office: Exova (UK) Ltd, Lochend Industrial Estate, Newbridge, Midlothian EH28 8PL United Kingdom Reg No.SC 70429
Testing in accordance with Norsok M-501 Edition 6,
Date: 18/02/2016 Issue No.: 2 Authored by:
Document No.: N964983 Page No.: 2 of 20
Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Norsok pre-qualification testing in accordance with Norsok M-501
Issue No : 2 Re - Issue Date : 18/02/16
Revised By: G Addicott Approved By: T Haynes
Reason for Revision: Traces amended for low temperature FTIR - Part B
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Norsok pre-qualification testing in accordance with Norsok M-501
1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 2.0 SUMMARY 4 3.0 TEST METHOD 5 4.0 APPLICATION DETAILS 5 5.0 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION 7 6.0 DETAILED RESULTS 8 APPENDICES 11
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Norsok pre-qualification testing in accordance with Norsok M-501
1.1 Exova was instructed to carry out a program of testing in accordance with NORSOK M-501, Edition 6,
February 2012 system No 7A at the request of:
1.2 Exova has tested the items supplied by International Paint Ltd., as sampled in accordance with NORSOK
Steel panels blasted to Sa2ẵ (ISO 8501-1:2007)
Coat 1 – Interzone 1000 @ 500àm nominal dry film thickness
Coat 2 – Interzone 1000 @ 500àm nominal dry film thickness
Cyclic Ageing BS EN ISO 20340:2009 Pass
Seawater Immersion BS EN ISO 2812-2:2007 Pass
Cathodic Disbondment BS EN ISO 15711:2003 Pass
The exposure tests were carried out during the dates below:
Test Start Date Finish Date
This coating system meets the performance requirements of NORSOK M-501 Edition 6 February 2012, System No 7A
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Norsok pre-qualification testing in accordance with Norsok M-501
3.1 The pre-qualification tests have been executed in accordance with NORSOK M-501, Edition 6 February
2012, NORSOK system No.7A All testing has been carried out in full accordance with the requirements given in these standards
Dry film thickness BS EN ISO 19840:2004
Wet paint density BS EN ISO 2811-4:2011
Non-volatile matter BS EN ISO 3251:2008
Ash content BS EN ISO 14680-2:2000
Adhesion (pull-off) BS EN ISO 4624:2003
Cyclic Ageing BS EN ISO 20340:2009
Seawater Immersion BS EN ISO 2812-2:2007
Cathodic Disbondment BS EN ISO 15711:2003
Blast Cleaning Standard Sa2ẵ (ISO 8501-1:2007)
Sales Code (Part A) EPA490 EPA490
Sales Code (Part B) EPA538 EPA538
Batch No (Part A) PH1717RG PH1717RG
Batch No (Part B) PG1676RG PG1676RG
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Norsok pre-qualification testing in accordance with Norsok M-501
Sales Code (Part A) EPA490 EPA490
Sales Code (Part B) EPA538 EPA538
Batch No (Part A) PH1717RG PH1717RG
Batch No (Part B) PG1676RG PG1676RG
Nominal Wet Film Thickness (àm) 570 550
Nominal Dry Film Thickness (àm) 500 500
Witness present at application of test coating: Geoffrey Addicott
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Norsok pre-qualification testing in accordance with Norsok M-501
Coat Dry Film Thickness (àm)
The client provided data to Exova regarding the paint system applied at their premises, which was observed by an Exova coatings division representative, Mr G Addicott.
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Disbonding Blistering Rusting Cracking Flaking Chalking Adhesion Over Coat Adhesion RESULT ISO 20340 ISO 4628-2 ISO 4628-3 ISO 4628-4 ISO 4628-5 ISO 4628-6 ISO 4624
Pass / Fail mm Density (Size) Ri Density (Size) Density (Size) Rating MPa
Req Res Req Res Req Res Req Res Req Res Req Res Req Res Res
* Pass/Fail criteria Reference panel
No adhesive failure between the substrate and the first coat unless the pull-off value is 5MPa or more
≥ 3MPa for a Zinc-rich primer , ≥ 4MPa for all other primers
** Pass/Fail criteria Seawater Immersion panels (post-exposure):
Minimum pull-off value of 50% of the pre-exposure value measured on the reference panel, with a minimum value of 2 MPa
*** Pass/Fail criteria Cyclic Ageing panels (post-exposure):
Minimum of 5MPa and a maximum reduction of 50% of the pre- exposure value measured on the reference panel
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
A / B Adhesive failure between the substrate and Coat 1
B / C Adhesive failure between Coat 1 and Coat 2
C / D Adhesive failure between Coat 2 and Coat 3
-/ Y Adhesive failure between the outer coat and the adhesive
Y / Z Adhesive failure between the adhesive and the test dolly
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Cyclic Ageing (BS EN ISO 20340:2009)
Seawater Immersion (BS EN ISO 2812-2:2007)
6.5 Ambient Temperature Cathodic Disbondment Results:
Ambient Temp CD (BS EN ISO 15711:2003)
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Figure 3; Ambient Cathodic Disbondment – Photographs
Figure 5; Infrared Scan – Interzone 1000 Part A
Figure 6; Infrared Scan – Interzone 1000 Part B
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
FIGURE 3: Ambient Cathodic Disbondment – Photographs
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
FIGURE 5: IR Trace – Interzone 1000 Part A: Batch No.PH1717RG
CPL-00294 - Interzone 1000 Grey Part A - PH1717RG
FIGURE 6: IR Trace – Interzone 1000 Part B: Batch No.PG1676RG
CPL-00297 - Interzone 1000 Part B - PG1676RG
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Cyclic Ageing:- scribed panels are subjected to 25 cycles (4200 hours) which consist of (per cycle):
72 hours UV exposure in accordance with ISO 11507:2007, Method A
72 hours salt spray in accordance with ISO 9227:2012
24 hours exposed to low temperature (-20°C ± 2°C)
Testing adhered to ISO 2812-2 standards, utilizing a solution specified in ISO 15711 Scribed panels were exposed to circulating aerated water at a consistent temperature of 40°C ± 1°C for 4200 hours, with water changes implemented whenever turbidity or discoloration occurred.
The scribe line was horizontal with the following dimension: minimum 50mm long, 2mm wide and down to bare metal
Any defects seen within 10mm of the edges of the test panel were not taken into account
Corrosion levels from the scribe must be limited to 3.0mm or less for coatings featuring a zinc-rich primer, while for coatings using a non-zinc-based primer, corrosion should not exceed 8.0mm.
Testing followed ISO 15711:2009 standards, where panels with an artificial holiday were subjected to 4200 hours of exposure in an artificial seawater solution An impressed current of -1.05 Volts was applied, and the electrolyte solution was kept at a stable temperature of 23°C ± 2°C.
The artificial holiday was 6mm in diameter
Cathodic disbondment from the artificial holiday shall be less than or equal to 20mm diameter
1 Determine the maximum disbondment (diameter) along each of four points, each taken through the centre of the holiday at angles of 45° to the previous measurement
2 Record the total area exposed including the holiday (πr2 )
3 Calculate the disbonded area A, as the difference between the total area less the area of the holiday (28.3mm 2 )
4 From the disbonded area calculate the equivalent diameter ( d= 2√ A/π)
Average diameter from 4 readings = 12mm
All panels were checked after each application to confirm dry film thickness
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Corrosion creep was determined by averaging nine measurements of the maximum width of corrosion along the scribe line This maximum width was assessed at the midpoint of the scribe, with additional measurements taken at four points on either side, spaced 5mm apart.
Corrosion creep (M) is calculated as:
Where: C is the average of the nine width measurements of corrosion across the scribe, and W is the original width of scribe
Typically, the disbondment width matches the distance between corrosion edges; however, there are instances where the coating system can detach from the substrate further from the scratch than the corrosion edge This distance between corrosion edges along the scratch is referred to as corrosion creep width.
Corrosion at the scribe must not exceed 3.0mm for coating systems using a zinc-rich primer, while it should be limited to 8.0mm for systems that utilize a non-zinc-based primer or no primer at all.
The pull off testing was carried out in accordance with ISO 4624 The dollies used had a contact area of 3.14cm 2 , and the glue used was 3M Scotch-Weld DP460
The uncertainty of the pull-off test method is 10% for adhesion values less than 20 MPa and 15% for adhesion values greater than 20 MPa
The adhesion result for the unexposed test panel is the mean value of 2 results
All work sheets are available for inspection if required, and will be retained for a minimum of 6 years For all exposure tests three test panels were used
Panels sizes were 150mm x 75mm x 4mm for ageing and cathodic disbondment panels, and 150mm x 100mm x 4mm for Seawater Immersion and Reference panels
After completing the cyclic aging and seawater immersion tests, the panels underwent a two-week reconditioning period before adhesion evaluations were conducted All other assessments were performed within 24 hours of exposure completion.
Test Temperatures used for wet paint analysis:
Ash content: 1 hr @ 105°C then 4hrs @600°C
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
Equipment Machine Reference Serial Number
Seawater Immersion Cabinets CLIB02 CWL/76412
Portable Adhesion Tester Model GM01 164
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Client: International Paint Ltd Issue No.: 2
S.Rice Technical Administrator (For and on behalf of Exova (UK) Ltd) Approvers
(For and on behalf of Exova (UK) Ltd)
This report presents results in a summarized format, with detailed test data and result sheets maintained at Exova, adhering to the technical work procedures and standards as part of their quality assurance system.