Tài liệu Mastering Revit Architecture 2008_ Part 17 docx

Here’s what you’ll learn how to do in this chapter: ◆ Create drafting views ◆ Import CAD details ◆ Create 2D detail components Advancing the Design In the life cycle of a project, eventu

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Chapter 17

Moving from Design to Detailed Documentation

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to expand the model and create details Typically, details are created

by taking the model data in section or callout and embellishing it with 2D elements Understanding the 2D component details within Revit will allow you to quickly and easily complete a set of doc-uments for a client or contractor without the burden of having to model every component and detail within the project

Here’s what you’ll learn how to do in this chapter:

◆ Create drafting views

◆ Import CAD details

◆ Create 2D detail components

Advancing the Design

In the life cycle of a project, eventually it becomes necessary to add to the model detail that is then used to actually build the building Historically, the conceptual design, schematic design, and design development project phases progressed through a series of refinements to develop the final set of construction documents With a BIM process, these discrete phases are being redefined but the workflow remains the same At the stage prior to adding details, the “big idea” is refined and most plans and building sections are in place Materiality is added to the design, and the assemblies that make up walls, floors, and ceilings are refined Creating wall sections, schedules, and enlarged plans helps to describe the project further Eventually, the systems solidify and details are created that really begin to define how many of these things are put together In this chapter, we are going

to explore a few scenarios for detailing the model and creating some of the smaller-scale drawings that go into construction documents We will look at some of the more common methods:

◆ Creating details from scratch

◆ Importing details that have already been drawn

◆ Creating the detail from the model and embellishing it using 2D detailing tools

Creating Drafting Views

It isn’t feasible to model every construction detail in 3D in Revit A 2D detail is often enough mation for the construction in the field To this end, Revit provides a means of drafting in views

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542 CHAPTER 17 MOVING FROM DESIGN TO DETAILED DOCUMENTATION

called Drafting Views and are used for drawing or importing details and creating legends, maps, text, or any of a variety of things necessary for a construction document set When placed on a sheet, drafting views have the same intelligent referencing as all the other views within Revit Even though drafting views present only 2D information, they are still tied parametrically to sheets so all the references are dynamic and coordinated

To create a new drafting view, follow these steps:

1. From the View tab in the Design bar, choose the Drafting View tool

2. In the dialog that appears, enter a name in the Name field (Figure 17.1)

Figure 17.1

Making a new Drafting View

3. Using the Scale drop-down list, choose a scale

4. Click OK A new node, Drafting Views, is added to the Project Browser This new Drafting View is primed for either drafting a new detail or importing existing CAD details This essentially creates a blank sheet within Revit for you to begin drafting (or importing) 2D details

Importing and Linking

It is common to have details from manufacturers you’d like to include in your drawing set, or you may have standard details from an office detail library that need to be included in your documents What if all these files were created in a 2D CAD package? As we discussed earlier, you can easily import these 2D details into Revit to be used and reused across many BIM projects

To see the types of files you can import into Revit, choose File Import/Link (Figure 17.2) The resulting submenu contains all the file types you can import into Revit:

CAD formats dwg, dxf, dgn, sat, and skp

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IMPORTING AND LINKING 543

Figure 17.2

The Import/Link dialog

Later in this chapter, we’ll see how each of these file types are used, but first we want to make sure you understand the distinction between importing and linking

Linking vs Importing

Use linking when you have files on disk that will update throughout the design process By linking the file into Revit, you ensure that the information will update as the source file changes Linking cre-ates a live connection to a file on disk This allows you to work on the linked file and then have the Revit model update to reflect the changes in the link This behavior is similar to an XREF in AutoCAD.Use importing when you are looking to embed the CAD file within the project file itself This might be a value if you plan to explode and edit the CAD file, or if it is geometry you want to embed within the project model

Linking CAD Formats

The ability to link one file into another can be helpful in a collaborative environment Perhaps someone on your team—a person working on details within your office or an external consultant—

is working in a CAD environment while you build up the project in Revit Linking lets you have their latest work updated in your Revit model If you import without linking, you get a static file that will not update When you link, however, it’s possible to always get the latest state of the DWG

by updating the link within Revit From File Manage Links (Figure 17.3), you can reload, unload, import, or remove a CAD link or see what is already loaded

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Figure 17.3

The Manage Links dialog

Importing or Linking CAD Formats

Site plans, consultant files, and details or drawings done with CAD technologies on prior projects are all examples of information you may want to link or import into Revit This isn’t limited to 2D data; you can link 3D files as well The data you import or link into your model can be view specific (imported in one view only as opposed to all views) Start by opening the view into which you want

to bring data Choose File Import/Link CAD Formats The CAD Formats tab in the Manage Links includes additional options You can link or import five types of CAD files in 2D or 3D in Revit:

The “Link (instead of import)” section of the Import / Link dialog gives you the option to import your file or link it There are some pros and cons to each option:

Linking If you link a file, any changes made in that original file will be apparent in the Revit file

in which it was linked If your office or team workflow has personnel who are dedicated to

.dwg Files made from AutoCAD or other applications that can export to this

standard format

.dxf Drawing Exchange Format files Most software packages can write to DFX in

addition to their native format

.dgn Microstation native files.sat Standard ACIS text files Many modeling and fabrication applications can

write to this file type

.skp SketchUp native files

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IMPORTING AND LINKING 545

working solely on details in a 2D environment, they can continue creating and changing the details in CAD and you can update the link to reflect the changes automatically You can also manipulate the linked file through the Manage Links dialog box found under File Manage Links

Importing An import is not tied to an external file, which will allow you to explode the file and modify the CAD drawing directly in Revit You cannot explode or modify lines of a linked import Once an import has been exploded, the import ceases to exist and everything become lines

These lines are just that: lines, with no inherent intelligence

file into only the view that is currently active It’s not always desirable to see your CAD files in all the views in your model More often than not, you’ll want to select this check box because you will likely want to limit the number of views in which your linked files appear If you import with this option unchecked, the file will be visible in all of your views and you’ll need to manage the visibility via the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog or View Templates

Layers. The Layers drop-down menu gives you the option to import or link in all the layers, only the layers that were visible at the time the CAD file was last saved, or a selected group of layers from a secondary dialog (Layers are a DWG-based naming convention Revit allows the same functionality with levels from DGN drawings.)

Layer/Level Colors. The default view background in AutoCAD is usually black, so the colors used in AutoCAD are easily visible on a black background When you import a DWG file into Revit, which has a white background, many of the colors usually used in AutoCAD (yellow, light green, magenta, cyan) are difficult to read Revit recognizes this issue, and in the Layer/Level Colors section of the Import/Link dialog you have the option to invert these colors You also have the option to not change the colors or to convert them to black

Scaling. The Scaling section of the Import/Link dialog allows you to let Revit autodetect the scale at which the imported or linked drawing was created and convert accordingly Or, you can

do the detection manually and apply a scale factor

Importing CAD Details

The ability to communicate design intent with others is critical to any design and documentation process With that inevitably comes the need to translate or transfer ideas, drawings, and informa-tion from one format to another to create a versatile workflow Revit recognizes this need to share information and allows you to import and export CAD-based drawings to aid in communication

If you’re working with someone who produces details using only CAD, you can incorporate their work into your Revit model without disrupting the workflow It’s strongly recommended that you delete all the superfluous data in the CAD file before importing it into Revit Here are some general tips to help your workflow:

◆ If your import contains hatches or annotations that you don’t intend to use in Revit, delete them before importing

◆ Import only one detail at a time so you can take better advantage of Revit’s ability to manage sheet referencing If you have a series of details organized in a single CAD file that you’d like

to import into Revit, isolate each detail, save it as a separate file, and then import

◆ Consider annotating in Revit and removing the annotations from CAD This can help keep

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◆ Make sure you import the CAD details using the proper line weights, colors, and styles Check your CAD file before importing into Revit to make sure it is consistent with your office’s standards

◆ Every time you explode a CAD file in Revit, you add objects to the database An inserted CAD file is one object An exploded CAD file is many objects—maybe thousands of objects For the best performance, explode CAD files as seldom as possible

Importing a CAD detail

It is common to have a library of existing details that can be used for many projects This example onstrates the process of getting these details into a Revit project using a DWG file you can downloadfrom the book’s website (www.sybex.com/go/masteringrevit2008):

dem-1. Create a new drafting view Under the View tab, choose Drafting View and give it a custom scale of1:1

2. Import your CAD detail In this example, we have a typical door jamb detail that is already noted anddimensioned Choose File Import/Link CAD Formats and select the following options:

◆ Link (instead of import)

◆ Black and White

◆ Automatically Place Center to Center (the default)

3. Choose detail B2020A-01.dwg (located on the book’s website), and click OK

This will import your CAD file into a new Drafting View Now you can change your view scale to matchthe scale in which you’d like your detail to be displayed For our detail, we will change the scale to read

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DETAIL GROUPS 547

Now that we’ve discussed how to import details already created in CAD, let’s take a closer look

at how to make them from within Revit We’ll start by reviewing some of the other tools on the Drafting tab and then using those tools to create and embellish a wall section in our Foundation model

Detail Groups

Detail groups are similar to blocks in AutoCAD They’re collections of 2D graphics (drafting lines, other detail groups, 2D content) that you’ll probably want to use again and again in the same or dif-ferent views A classic example is wood studs or blocking You can easily and quickly set up a group and use that group over and over in the model Doing so helps control consistency through-out the drawing

Selecting this tool will turn the detail from red (highlighted) to black again and allow you to select orpick any of the lines or hatch within the CAD file Choose the border of the wall tag This will give you thedialog box shown here, which will tell you the entity along with its layer, block name, and style

The Import Instance Query dialog will also allow you to delete the entity (which we do not want to dohere) or hide the layer Choosing “Hide in view” will turn that layer off in this view It can be turned onagain with the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box

Now, the detail is complete and we can drop the drafting view onto our sheet A350 Details If we needmore details from CAD files for our project, we will simply create more drafting views

The finished detail is shown here The imported detail on the printed sheet should be indistinguishablefrom the details created in Revit

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To make a detail group, create the detail elements you’d like to group and then group them using Edit Group Create Group, which prompts you for a group name We suggest that you name the group something clear rather than accepting the default name Revit wants to give it (Group 1, Group 2, and so on)

To place a detail group, use the Detail Group button in the Drafting tab Then use the Type tor to choose which group you want to place

Selec-Detail Components

Detail components are parametric 2D families They’re similar to detail groups but are created in the Family Editor and can be designed with dimensional variation built right into the family In other words, a full range of shapes can be available in a single detail component Because they are families, they can also be stored in your office library and shared across projects easily

To add a detail component to your drawing, select the Detail Component button in the Drafting tab

If you need to load a new component, click the Load button in the Options bar and browse to the Detail Components folder Revit has a wide range of common detail components in the default library

To make a new detail component, use the Family Editor and choose File New Family Detail Component.rft From there you begin drawing lines, as you did in the project, and then save the file as an independent family that can be loaded into any project

Masking Regions

A masking region is designed to hide portions of the model that you don’t want to see in the view Affectionately referred to as “whiteout,” a masking region places a 2D shape on top of the model that masks elements behind it

To add a masking region to your view, click the Masking Region button on the Drafting tab This takes you to sketch mode, where you can draw a closed loop of lines over the area you wish

to mask When you draw a masking region, you can assign the boundary lines different linestyles—check the Type Selector to make sure you’re using the linestyle you want One of the linestyles that

is particularly useful for the Masking Region tool is the invisible linestyle It allows you to create a borderless region, which is ideal if you want to truly mask an element in the model A masking region is shown in Figure 17.4 Masking regions do not mask text, annotations, or leaders

Creating a Repeating Detail Element

Repeating details are a common occurrence in architectural projects Masonry walls, metal ing, and roof tiles all comprise a series of repeating elements Most of these elements aren’t mod-eled as 3D components in Revit but are represented with symbolic detail components

deck-You create repeating details in Revit by clicking the Repeating Detail button on the Drafting tab.This tool takes a single Detail Component and arrays it along a straight line at regular intervals Open the element properties of a repeating detail to get a feel for how it’s laid out Figure 17.5 shows the Type Properties dialog for a repeating brick detail When you select a repeating detail, the Type Selector is activated so you can select any repeating detail you’ve already loaded in the project Repeating details are similar to families: they have types and properties If you don’t have the repeating detail that you want loaded, it’s easy enough to create one on-the-fly All you need

is a detail component that you wish to repeat

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CREATING A REPEATING DETAIL ELEMENT 549

Figure 17.4

(A) The detail without

a masking region (B) portion of the detail covered with Masking region (C) Masking region with invisible line style outline

Figure 17.5

Repeating detail type properties

Creating a repeating detail is similar to creating a line—the repeating detail has a start point, an end point, and repeating 2D geometry in between Take these steps to make a repeating detail:

1. Click the Repeating Detail tool on the Drafting bar

2. Click the Properties button next to the Type Selector

3. Click Edit/New

4. Click Duplicate

5. Give your new repeating detail a name

6. Select a detail component to repeat

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The default repeating detail in Revit is a running brick pattern If you look at it in detail, it sists of a brick detail component and a mortar joint (Figure 17.6)

When the detail component is inserted, it acts like a Line tool and allows you to pull a line of brick,

as shown in Figure 17.7 This line can be lengthened, shortened, or rotated like any other line

Figure 17.7

A repeating brick detail

Detail Component Properties

If you’re making a repeating detail from a component that isn’t loaded in your project, you won’t find

it listed next to the detail item in the Properties dialog You first need to load it in your project and then make it a repeating detail component The Properties window will then look like Figure 17.8

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CREATING A REPEATING DETAIL ELEMENT 551

Figure 17.8

Repeating detail type properties

Detail This allows you to select the detail component to be repeated

Fixed Distance The path drawn between the start and end point when the repeating detail

is the length at which your component repeats at a distance of the value set for spacing

Fixed Number This mode sets the number of times a component repeats itself in the space between the start and end point (the length of the path)

Fill Available Space Regardless of the value you choose for Spacing, the detail nent is repeated on the path using its actual width as the Spacing value

num-ber of repeated components is set so that only complete components are drawn Revit ates as many copies of the component as will fit on the path

cre-Inside This option adjusts the start point and end point of the detail components that make up the repeating detail

Spacing This option is active only when Fixed Distance or Maximum Spacing is selected as the method of repetition It represents the distance at which you want the repeating detail compo-nent to repeat It doesn’t have to be the actual width of the detail component

Detail Rotation This allows you to rotate the detail component in the repeating detail

Creating Custom Line Types Using Repeating Details

You can use the Detail Component tool to create custom line types (lines with letters or numbers for various services such as fireproofing, rated walls, fencing, and so on) Note that when you create

a detail component, you can’t use text for the letters; you need to draw them using lines Figure 17.9

shows the creation of a detail component in the Family Editor and the final result used as a ing detail in the project environment.

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Figure 17.9

Repeating detail:

(A) in Family Editor;

(B) used in project

Miscellaneous Line Tools

The Insulation tool, Filled Region tool, and Show/Remove Hidden Lines tool serve important cific purposes in your drawings

spe-Insulation

Designed as a symbolic representation for batt insulation, the Insulation tool works just like any other line type When it’s selected, two blue grips appear at the ends and let you change the length The element properties of the insulation include two editable parameters:

Width This parameter is used to control the width of the insulation that is used The Width parameter is also available in the Options bar when Insulation is selected (see Figure 17.10)

Figure 17.10

Insulation

Insulation Bulge to Width Ratio This parameter is used to control the density of the circles used in the insulation line and can be set in the Options bar when the tool is selected In most cases, you’ll have two lines representing the space in the wall where the insulation needs to fit Revit allows you to place the insulation using the center line of the insulation as a location line

A

B

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MISCELLANEOUS LINE TOOLS 553

Filled Region

The Filled Region tool is a drafting tool for making 2D hatch and solid fill shapes It can help you color surfaces or areas for graphic representations during the conceptual or design-development phase, as we discussed earlier in this book It is also a useful tool for showing materials at finer lev-els of detail

A filled region consists of a boundary, which can be created using any linestyle, and a fill pattern that fills the area defined in the boundary Figure 17.11 shows a filled region with a tile hatch pattern used to show tile in an interior elevation In lieu of a complex stacked wall condition for bathroom walls, a filled region with a 4˝ square model pattern to represent tile on the restroom wall While this will not be reflected in any material takeoffs, it is a quick way to create interior elevations

Figure 17.11

Filled regions as representation of tile wall finish

Filled regions can be either transparent or opaque to show or hide what is behind them

Figure 17.12 shows two filled regions: The left one is opaque, and the right one is transparent

Figure 17.12

Transparent and opaque filled regions

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Filled Region Type Properties

Filled region type properties define how a fill appears, including pattern, pattern color, and

transpar-ency (Figure 17.13) Notice that the boundary lines of the region are not part of the type properties and

are defined independently when the sketch is edited

Filled regions can use both drafting and model patterns, making them a very flexible and handy tool for 2D workflows Just keep in mind that these are truly just 2D shapes with no 3D BIM characteristics

Show Hidden Lines

In visual communications between architects and engineers, when one element obscures another, the hidden element is usually graphically represented with dashed lines Often, just a portion of an element is hidden In the CAD world, it can take a lot of work to explode a block, split lines, and change many of the linestyles to a hidden line type

Revit has a special tool, Show Hidden Lines, for recognizing obscured elements and representing the portion that is hidden with dashed lines while still maintaining the complete object

1. Select the Show Hidden Lines tool in the toolbar

2. Click the element that obscures the object

3. Click the element that is obscured The hidden portion of the element becomes dashed If an element is obscured with more than one element, keep repeating this operation until you get the desired look

When you relocate or delete the obscuring element, the hidden element responds intelligently

to those changes Figure 17.14 shows an I-beam hidden by another beam Figure 17.15 shows the

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Figure 17.15

The I-beam after using the Show Hidden Lines tool

The Show Hidden Lines tool applies to 2D and 3D elements in all possible combinations: detail over detail, detail over model, model over detail, model over model Right next to the Show Hidden Lines tool is the Remove Hidden Lines tool, which resets the graphical display of the elements so they look as they did before you applied the hidden line behavior

Linework

While Revit does a lot to help you manage your views and line weights automatically, it does not cover all requirements all the time This is where the Linework tool comes into play; it allows you to choose any existing linestyle and apply it to individual edges of elements with a few clicks of the mouse

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To use this tool, click the Linework button in the toolbar, choose a linestyle from the Type Selector, and begin picking lines in your elevation or any other view Once a linestyle is selected, you can continue selecting lines to override, and you can change the length of the new Linework that has been applied over the existing model element using the blue grip controls Figure 17.16 shows an unaltered elevation of a window and the finished view

Figure 17.16

The outer boundary

of the window with Linework applied

Using Callouts

Callouts are one of the various view types in Revit They are used extensively in plans and sections

to drill down to a more detailed view of various conditions in any type of construction document package Figure 17.17 shows two callouts in a wall section

Figure 17.17

Callouts in a wall section

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ADDING INFORMATION TO YOUR DETAILS 557

In Revit, there are two types of callouts you can choose when creating new details, one for floor plans and one for details

Depending on which callout type you use, it will appear in different areas of the Project Browser Choosing a floor plan callout will add a new view under Floor Plans in the Project Browser called

Callout of …View name.

Choosing Detail Callout will add a new view under the Detail Views (Detail) heading The sequent view will be by default named Detail 0, Detail 1, Detail 2, and so on (Figure 17.18) For the ease of finding and organizing your views, make sure to choose the correct view type when creat-ing a new view

sub-Figure 17.18

The new Detail Views

in the Project Browser

Adding Information to Your Details

Now that we have discussed many of the tools used for detailing within Revit, let’s step through

a detail and see how these tools can be put to practical use For this exercise, a detailed wall section will be used to illustrate a workflow In the Foundation file, Detail A14 on Sheet A301 (Figure 17.19)

is a wall section at the east entry Since we have already discussed dimensioning and keynoting (Chapter 15), those items have already been added to the view

In this view, the only thing that has been added is text notes and dimensions The rest of the model graphics came for free the moment the section was placed in plan view To add more detail, start by adding callout detail bubbles at each major construction joint, as shown in Figure 17.20 In this wall section we need four 1˝ = 1´-0˝ callouts:

◆ The roof/wall condition (Roof Detl, Typ.)

◆ The wall/floor condition capturing window heads and sills (Floor Detl, Typ)

◆ The exterior storefront (Head @ Storefront, typ)

◆ The interior storefront (Storefront Head Detl)

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ADDING INFORMATION TO YOUR DETAILS 559

Using the Callout tool in the Detail tab of the Design bar, create callouts in those locations The first three callouts can be made by choosing the Callout tool and drawing a rectangle around the detail condition New views are automatically generated and can be renamed as shown in Figure 17.20 For the interior storefront, a different method will be used that takes advantage of an existing CAD drawing by referencing it rather than making a new view of the model

To do this, follow these steps:

1. Create a new drafting view Under the View tab in the Design bar, choose Drafting View and give it a custom scale of 1:1

2. Import your CAD detail In our example, we have a typical door jamb detail that is already noted and dimensioned Choose File Import /Link CAD Formats Choose the detail B2020A-02.dwg found in the project directory and select the following options in the dialog:

◆ Link (instead of import)

◆ Black and White

◆ Automatically Place Center to Center (the default)Click OK to link the file into the view

3. Change the view scale to match the scale in which you’d like your detail to be displayed For this detail, set the scale to 1˝ = 1´-0˝

4. Right-click the view in the Project Browser (in the Drafting Views node) and rename it Storefront Head Detl

5. With the drafting view for our detail created, you can now reference that detail when ing new callouts Choose the Callout tool from the View tab, but do not draw a rectangle in

mak-the view yet First go to mak-the Options bar and check mak-the Reference Omak-ther View box This will

activate a drop-down menu from which you can choose the detail named Storefront Head Detl (Figure 17.21)

Figure 17.21

Choosing the front Head Detl from the drop-down menu

Store-6. Once the reference view is selected, draw the callout at the interior storefront head condition

Tiêu đề	Moving From Design To Detailed Documentation
Trường học	University of Architecture
Chuyên ngành	Architecture
Thể loại	Chương
Năm xuất bản	2007
Thành phố	Hanoi

Định dạng
Số trang	39
Dung lượng	1,6 MB