Tài liệu Mastering Revit Architecture 2008_ Part 8 pptx

We’ll discuss various approaches for creating massing studies and the underlying principles of creating parametric mass elements using the Family Editor.. You’ll acquire the following sk

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Chapter 7 Concept Massing Studies

In this chapter, we’ll talk about the early stages of design and the first massing studies created that explore conceptual ideas We’ll introduce you to the principles of massing and the tools in Revit that are specifically designed to support workflows related to massing studies, and early concep-tual design processes where form is explored and analyzed You’ll see how Revit allows you to maintain continuity as you move from massing study into real building elements that can be doc-umented and eventually built We’ll discuss various approaches for creating massing studies and the underlying principles of creating parametric mass elements using the Family Editor

You’ll acquire the following skills in this chapter:

◆ Understand massing workflows supported by Revit

◆ Create massing elements in the Project Environment and Family Editor

◆ Understand how massing can be used downstream as the design progresses

Massing Studies

There are many ways to start a new design It often starts as a napkin sketch while you listen to your client’s needs and desires in a coffee shop These first ideas encapsulate the essence of the design and, unless some unforeseen changes are demanded in the design, usually manifest themselves in recognizable form in the final building Many architects are known for the remarkable similarity between the first napkin sketches and the final outcomes, as can be seen in drawings by architects such as Frank Gehry, Jorn Utzon, Daniel Libeskind, Frank Lloyd Wright, and countless others Figure 7.1 shows a hand sketch using very gestural lines, tones, and hatches The ability to sketch freely and with gestural expression is a fundamental aspect of design iteration and has been part

of the architectural profession for

centuries.-Figure 7.1

An inspiring early sketch

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202 CHAPTER 7 CONCEPT MASSING STUDIES

Architects have long realized that the only way to make an investor buy in into their early ideas and designs is to make that investor understand the designs Many investors have difficulty read-ing technical drawings, so architects use creative methods to communicate the design, the space, and the experience of that space Perspective drawings, photo collages, and 3D physical models made of wood, Styrofoam, cardboard, balsa, Plexiglas, and metals are all used to help the client, and sometimes the public, understand the implications of a given design

In more sophisticated building studios, these models are constructed so that the design can be evaluated by deconstructing the model to examine individual stages of construction and integrated systems Models can range in fidelity from very rough massing studies to highly photorealistic ren-derings, as Figure 7.2 demonstrates

Figure 7.2

Models can range from very rough (a and b) to highly refined representa-tions (c and d)

3D physical models offer some obvious advantages for conveying design intent:

◆ You get an immediate feel for proportion, scale, and composition

◆ You can get a feel for spatial volume

◆ Light and shadow can be easily simulated

◆ It’s possible to model the surrounding site and understand how your design relates to its context

3D physical models also have some potential disadvantages:

◆ They take a lot of time and patience to create

◆ They require space for creation as well as storage

◆ They are created in only one scale

◆ They can’t handle design options easily

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MASSING STUDIES 203

◆ They require manual work—both in the physical modeling and in performing calculations

of area and space

◆ They can be costly in terms of skilled personnel, materials, and equipment

As clients become more demanding, they aren’t satisfied with understanding how the future building will look, but also want to know how the building will perform in terms of lifecycle costs They need the ability to compare and contrast multiple solutions in order to arrive with you at an optimized design solution that meets their taste, all the program requirements, and is sustainable economically

To accommodate all that, architects and owners need to analyze the building and experience it

in the early stages of design before it’s built Traditional hand-built models don’t provide this kind

of analytical flexibility This is where using digital models backed up by real data comes into play See Figure 7.3

Figure 7.3

Early massing studies

Massing Study Workflows

Regardless of how a massing study is done (digitally or in a physical medium), there has always been a break in the workflow from conceptual design to finished building Physical massing models were made first and then, to create a digital project, the architect had to re-create the same concept from zero, usually in AutoCAD without having a way to reuse the information previously created.When you make a digital study using tools such as Rhino, SketchUp, Form Z, or 3ds Max, you still need to start from scratch to begin the process of documenting your design because they are just modelers, not documentation tools, and the data created in them is not reusable in any intelli-gent way

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This has traditionally occurred in the form of 2D drawings using a tool such as AutoCAD With the advent of Building Information Modeling, this is all changing

An important part of using BIM is being able to use data throughout the design process, from start to finish—without needing to start over from ground zero once you’ve got the massing done Revit provides specific tools for keeping the design process integrated For early conceptual stud-ies, Revit has massing tools that allow you to create a mass model that can later easily be trans-formed into walls, floors, and roofs This capability is popularly called Building Maker, a set of tools for converting an abstract mass form into a full-fledged building model

With the massing tools, you can create flexible preliminary designs and create massing models out of building blocks long before you make decisions about walls, roofs, and floors You can create the pieces quickly, run though and visualize alternate configurations, and then, only when they’re ready, generate a building shell

Common Uses for the Massing Tools

Here are some commons scenarios where using Revit massing tools make sense

Site Studies: Using Massing to Quickly Build the Context Environment Around the Building

You can use massing capabilities to quickly model the surrounding context of your building to get a feelfor how it fits This is a standard practice used to demonstrate to clients or for competitions how yourdesign relates to its environment Once you have modeled the environment around your building, youcan make quick walkthroughs around your building and experience it from different points of viewfrom various vantage points You can also make initial solar studies to better understand how yourbuilding affects the environment and how the environment affects your design

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Massing Studies for Testing Different Design Options

You can do a quick conceptual massing study to work out a functional design arrangement, make moreoptions, and look for an optimal solution For each design, separate masses can be made and given color

to indicate their form This allows you to see spatial relationships in simplified geometric forms but alsoget precise area and volume values for each mass option you explore

Feasibility Studies and Program Verification

You can take the massing study a step further and make a feasibility study, explore how you can fit theclient’s program on the site, calculate the Floor Area Ratio (FAR), and convert it into a building withwalls, floor, roofs, and site elements With mode information added to the model, you can get betterestimates about building cost, energy analysis, and aesthetics

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Massing Tools

The massing tools are located on the Design bar’s Massing tab (Figure 7.4) If you don’t see it, vate it by right-clicking anywhere on the Design bar and clicking Massing To create a massing study, analyze it, and convert it to a building, you need to understand the available tools first; then, we’ll walk through a real exercise

acti-Figure 7.4

The Massing tab provides all the tools needed to create a massing study

Image courtesy of Gensler

Mass-creation tools

Building Maker tools

View tools44831.book Page 206 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

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The tools for creating masses in Revit are directly connected to the modeling tools and niques we discussed in Chapter 6 You’ll use the same modeling tools (Extrusion, Blend, Sweep, Revolve) as well as the logic of work planes and placing by face whenever you create a mass, whether in the project environment or the Family Editor

tech-The Massing design bar is divided into three groups of tools that we refer to as mass-creation tools, Building Maker tools, and view tools

The first group allows you to make masses from scratch or place massing families The second group contains tools to support the concept of Building Maker—a term that doesn’t exist in the Revit

UI but is commonly adopted among Revit users to describe the process of converting a concept massing into a real building Using the faces of a conceptual mass, you can attach walls, curtain sys-tems, floors, and roofs to the mass form with a click of the mouse Later in this chapter we’ll refer

to this grouping as Building Maker.The third group contains the standard Section and Level tools; these are the most important additional tools to have at hand during creation of mass studies They are the same Section and Level tools that you find on the Basic menu or in the views

Creating a Massing Element

There are two ways to create a mass element in the project environment:

Select the Create Mass tool This method allows you to create a new mass element

Select the Place Mass tool This method allows you to place a massing family or load a mass family from your library

Before we look in detail at these two methods, you need to understand how massing visibility

is handled in Revit, because you’ll encounter this issue the moment you start creating masses

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When you select this button, all masses in all views become visible This is great for early ing studies, allowing you to move from view to view and see your mass without having to turn the category on/off for each view When this mode is enabled, it does not affect the Visibility/Graphics Overrides state of your views

mass-To see the mass elements in specific views only, you should use the Visibility/Graphics rides settings for view control Even when the Show Mass button is turned off, if you check the Mass setting in the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog, it will be visible in that view

Over-To print and export massing, you need to turn the mass category on using the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog The Massing toggle is a temporary view control and doesn’t affect printed output

As you develop your design further and start creating the real building components (walls, floors, and roofs) by adding elements to the model, the mass will become obscured A great way to maintain a view where only massing is visible is to create a 3D view where all categories are turned

one with only the massing category visible and the other with all categories visible This is handy, for example, when you want to make adjustments to the basic shapes that define the geometry (masses) without being distracted by the presence of the building elements When you change the underlying mass, the architectural elements created from it follow the change automatically You’ll learn more about this workflow in Chapter 8

Figure 7.5

The same view with different visibility states for massing and model elements

Masses in Revit appear with transparent materials in 3D views by default When you switch to floor plan, however, they appear solid Users of Revit have shared this experience and some sug-gest orienting a 3D view to a floor-level plan You’ll notice the difference with the behavior of the shadows as well: Although a floor-plan view of a mass displays a shadow, an oriented 3D view doesn’t

Starting a Conceptual Massing Study

You can create massing forms using Revit’s 3D modeling tools Use these tools to quickly generate site plans and initial building shapes in the early phase of design development

Creating a Mass

In the Massing Design Tab, when you select Create Mass, you’re first prompted to name the mass you’re about to create Once you provide a name, the interface transforms into mass-creation mode,

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Most tools on this Design bar should be familiar The only unique feature is the Place Mass tool When selected, this tool does the same thing as the Place Mass tool on the Massing Design tab: It lets you place a mass family This is a component-placement tool that only places components of the mass category.

When you’re in mass-edit mode, you can create mass elements that are represented by a single shape or are a combination of shapes, solids, and voids Everything you add is considered part of the mass you’re creating You can place as many different masses in this mode as you require Your decision whether to make each shape a separate mass will depend on what you need it to represent and how you intend to interact with it For example, one mass element could have five extrusions representing five buildings Or, you could make five separate mass elements for each building Do you want to move each building independently? Or will you likely want to move all the buildings together, as one element?

When you’ve finished modeling the mass, you click Finish Mass, and everything you modeled becomes one mass element To edit a mass, select it and click the Edit button on the Options bar

Be aware that a mass element must have solid geometry in it—it can’t be made of voids alone

If you try to make a void massing, you’ll get a warning message like the one shown in Figure 7.7

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Figure 7.8

If you draw a void fore you add a solid, they won’t intersect or have any relation-ship—the mass can’t

be-be completed in this case

Figure 7.9

Adding a void after placing a solid cuts it from the solid The mass can then be completed

The Cut and Join Geometry tools are both available on the Options bar when forms are selected These tools are important when you’re dealing with massing, so let’s look more closely at them:

Cut Geometry This tool cuts voids out of solids You select the tool, select a void, and then select what you want the void to cut Voids can cut multiple solids

Join Geometry This tool joins solids (voids can’t be joined together) to form one connected ment It merges the shapes (masses) into one, both graphically and as data (Figure 7.10) To use this tool, select the tool, and then select solids you want to join Multiple solids can be joined together

ele-If you change the position of one of the joined masses, the intersection (called the joining) instantly updates However, if you move one of the joined masses outside the boundaries of the other joined masses so they don’t intersect any more, you’ll get a warning message To resolve the problem, you can use the Unjoin Geometry command Note that even if the mass elements are joined, selecting the mass results in the selection of just one of them (Figure 7.11)

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Figure 7.10

Joining two masses together creates a single, seamless element

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Figure 7.11

Joined masses can still

be selected and edited independently

Placing a Mass Family

The other way to create a mass is to load it from the Family Editor You do so with the Place Mass tool, which gives you access to the predefined massing families that represent basic geometric 3D shapes You can load these into your project and start stacking them together to build the shape that you need (Figure 7.12) In practice, these predefined parametric mass families are great for building the context around your building in order to quickly create a sense of the environment in which your project will be situated

differ-Figure 7.13 shows two boxes of the same size: one created in the project using the Create Mass tool and the other placed in the projects using the Place Mass option

By default, when you’re loading a mass element for the first time, you may get the following message:

The message tells you that there is no host on which to place the massing based on the current placement mode Host-based placement doesn’t let you place an element floating freely in space 44831.book Page 212 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

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Figure 7.13

Loaded massing family on the left, and mass built in the project on the right

By default, this is set to Place On Face; if you try to drag and drop an element from the type list onto the workspace, your cursor looks like a crossed circle if it doesn’t find any geometric face to

be a placed on and you will not be able to place the mass To switch out of this mode, change from Place By Face to Place On Work Plane to place masses freely From then on, your mass elements will

be placed on the current level or whatever the current work plane of the view is set to The Place

By Face option is usually used when you need to continue placement or creation of a mass on the face of another element We covered this when discussing modeling techniques in Chapter 6

One more option you should be aware of on the Options bar is Rotate After Placement When this option is deselected, you place the mass element using one click The click is the center of the mass element, which is placed at 0 degrees When the option is selected, you use two clicks to place the mass element: the first one to position it, the second one to define the rotation angle

In a new Revit session, try clicking Place Mass In the Revit templates, no mass element is loaded, so you’re prompted to load one If you confirm by clicking Yes, the Family Library opens

pre-so you can load masses from the Mass folder The choices include arch, gable, box, sphere, pyramid, and other predefined shapes You can load more than one at the same time with the familiar Shift

or Ctrl selection When you load a mass, don’t expect it to immediately be dropped/drawn in the drawing area: Loading it just adds it to the project To place it, you must select it from the Type Selector or the Mass folder in the Family Tree of the Project Browser and place it in the view

Creating a New Mass Family

The mass element has its own family templates: Mass Element.rft and Mass.rft If the shapes shown in Figure 7.12 don’t represent what you need, and you wish to create your own custom shapes that you’ll use in more than one project, you can start a new family using MassElement.rftand create your own parametric mass Later in this chapter, we’ll guide you through the creation

of a parametric mass family in the Family Editor

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Tiêu đề	Concept Massing Studies
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Năm xuất bản	2007