Tài liệu Mastering Revit Architecture 2008_ Part 6 docx

You’ll learn to do the following:◆ Create new types in the Family Editor for common building components such as walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, and stairs ◆ Create type catalogs to quick

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You’ll learn to do the following:

◆ Create new types in the Family Editor for common building components such as walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, and stairs

◆ Create type catalogs to quickly generate many types of the same family

◆ Create view templates for specific requirements

Wall Types

Walls are made from layers of materials that represent the construction materials used to build real walls In Revit, these layers can be assigned functional values, allowing them to join and react to other layers in the model when walls, floors, and roofs meet Each wall has at minimum a core, and then you have the option to add additional layers of material to the core to create the wall These layers can be added inside the core or placed outside the core As you’ll see, this special wall core

A wall core is much more than a layer of material The core influences the behavior of the wall and how the wall interacts with other elements in the model such as floors or roofs, etc Every wall type

in Revit has a core material with a boundary on either side of it These core boundaries are ences in the model that can be snapped and dimensioned to

refer-What this means is: when you draw a floor above your exterior walls, you will use the pick ation method, select the exterior walls that should define the shape of the floor, and select in the Options bar if you wish the floor to extend only to the Core of the wall, have offset to it, or extend until the end of the wall This floor creation method will result in a relationship between the floor and the underlying walls such that if those walls change their position, so too will the floor shape and position

cre-For example, you can constrain a floor sketch to the structural stud layer of walls by using the wall-core boundary to create the sketch (see Figure 5.1) If walls change size or are swapped, the floor sketch maintains its relationship to the core boundary and will auto-adjust

Note: if you created your floor using the pick method, the locked relationship between the floor and the wall will happen automatically If you decided to use the draw method instead of the pick 44831.book Page 127 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

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128 CHAPTER 5 CUSTOMIZING SYSTEM FAMILIES AND PROJECT SETTINGS IN YOUR TEMPLATE

method, you will need to manually lock the relationship so that the dependency is established To get locks to appear, drag sketch lines so that they are co-incident with other lines, or use the align tool

Figure 5.1

The sketch of a floor can be constrained to layers in a wall

To access and edit wall-core boundaries and material layers, select a wall, go to the Element Properties dialog, click Edit/New to open the Type Properties dialog, and then select the Structure parameter to edit Doing so opens a new Edit Assembly dialog Here, you can define materials, move layers in and out of the core boundary, and assign functions to each layer (see Figure 5.2)

Figure 5.2

Each wall type is posed of layers of material, defined in the Structure/ Edit Assembly dialog

com-Creating Custom Wall Types

The creation of new wall types consists of modifying wall structure and function properties If you have a series of wall types that are standard in your office, create them and add them to your project template A wall can be a simple structure (single-component wall) or a complex structure (multi-component wall) The definition of the structure of the wall requires editing the wall’s Type 44831.book Page 128 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

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Figure 5.3

The Wall Edit Assembly dialog

The Preview Window

Located on the left side of the dialog box, you see a graphical preview of the wall structure in plan (the default) or section view (If you don’t see the preview, click the Preview button at the bottom left of the dialog.) To switch from the default plan view preview to section view preview and vice versa, click the drop-down list under View to choose another viewing option In plan preview, the core boundaries of the wall are drawn with green lines In section view, these lines aren’t shown

In section preview, however, when you select a row or a layer in the layer properties, the layer will

be highlighted in red

The Layers Table

This is where you add, delete, or move a layer of the wall structure Each wall layer is represented

as a separate row of information Note that two of the rows are gray: They represent the boundaries

of the core of the wall (the structural part of the wall) They don’t represent any physical component but are just a visual representation of the separation between the structural and non-structural components of the wall In between those two gray zones is the wall’s structural core layer

44831.book Page 129 Friday, October 12, 2007 12:31 AM

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The table is divided into four columns: Function, Material, Thickness, and Wraps:

Function This column provides six options that relate to the purpose of the material in the wall assembly Each layer has a priority assigned to it that determines how it joins with other walls, floors, and roofs:

Structure [1]: Defines the structural components of the wall that support that should be the rest of the wall components (layers) This layer is the highest priority and joins with other structural layers by cutting through weaker layers

Substrate [2]: Forms a foundation for other layers (materials such as plywood or gypsum board).Thermal/Air [3]: Defines the wall’s insulation layer

Membrane Layer: A zero thickness material that usually represents vapor prevention.Finish 1 [4]: A finish layer to use if you have only one layer of finish (gypsum wall board).Finish 2 [5]: A secondary, weaker finish layer (plaster, tiles, or brick)

With the exception of the membrane layer, all the other layers have a priority from 1 to 5 Revit uses the priorities of the layers in a wall to understand how to clean up/work out the intersec-tions between various layers when two or more walls meet at an intersection The principle is simple: Priority 1 is the highest in order; a layer that has a value of 1 cuts through any other layer with a lower priority value (2, 3, 4, 5) A layer with priority 2 cuts layers with priority 3, 4, or 5, and so on Logically, the layer with priority 1 should be placed between the core limits and rep-resents the core of the wall (the bearing component); the other layers should be outside the core Revit starts sorting out wall joins by beginning with the highest-priority components and then working down the priorities (Figure 5.4)

Figure 5.4

Layers with same ority clean up when joined as shown on the right

pri-Material Associating a material to a wall layer provides graphical as well as physical teristics for the wall With a material, you can calculate the quantity of that material used in your project and schedule this information The material also knows to clean up when it joins with other walls, floors, and roofs that are made of the same material

charac-How does a material definition affect the cleanup? The material usage informs Revit how to treat wall layers at intersections If the priority of the layers is the same and the material is the same, Revit cleans up the join between these two layers, and they graphically show a consistent material If the materials are different, even though their priority is the same, Revit separates the two layers graphically with a thin line (Figure 5.5)

Thickness This value represents the actual thickness of the material Note that the membrane

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WALL TYPES 131

Figure 5.5

Two layers with same priority but different materials: The clean-

up between the layers isn’t taking place be-cause of the different materials used The separation between the two layers is indi-cated with a thin line

Wraps Wall layers rarely end with a straight-cut finish at wall ends or wall penetrations (windows and doors) This option, when selected, allows a layer to wrap around other layers (Figure 5.6) You can define different settings for wrapping the end of walls or openings

To create a wrapping solution that reflects a real-life condition, this setting probably won’t be sufficient All you can define in the Wall Editor is if a material layer will wrap and whether it’s

an exterior or interior wrap The Wall Editor alone can only solve wrapping conditions in a generic way To achieve more complex wraps like the one shown in Figure 5.6, you must define another set of rules in the Family Editor, while creating the window or door family itself These additional settings, combined with the wrap function of the wall layer, will produce more com-plex wrap conditions such as the one shown

Figure 5.6

Layer wrapping Left:

Wrapping is applied only to the first exteri-

or component of the wall, and only that layer wraps around the window opening

Right: The first and second exterior com-ponents have wrap-ping active, so they both wrap around the opening of the window

To summarize, editing the wall structure means adding or deleting wall layers Each of those ers needs to be associated with a priority, a material, thickness, and wrap information To move layers up and down in the table, or to add and remove layers, use the buttons at the bottom of the dialog

lay-Once layers have been defined and positioned, you need to consider a few more properties

Default Wrapping

Each wall layer can either wrap or not wrap at the ends of the wall or at inserts (windows, doors, openings) To make this happen in the project, you need to decide whether the wrapping should occur at openings or wall ends or at both conditions For inserts, you can choose Do Not Wrap, Exterior, Interior, or Both Similarly, for wall ends, the options are None, Exterior, and Interior The

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default wrapping parameters appear in both the Edit Assembly window (Figure 5.3) and the wall’s Type Properties dialog, as shown here:

Level of Detail

Walls have only two different styles of graphic display for the three levels of detail: one for Coarse and another for Medium and Fine views You will notice that changing from Medium to Fine view and vice versa will have no effect on the graphic display of the wall

Coarse display This is defined as a type property for each wall family You can set both Coarse Scale Fill Pattern and Fill Color If no Coarse Scale fill is set, then what you will get in coarse dis-play will be the material that is set for the wall category in the Object Style and no interior layers will be displayed

Medium/Fine display Defined in the Type Properties dialog, in the Wall Assembly area where materials are defined that establish the cut and surface pattern for the each layer of the wall

In Figure 5.7, Coarse Scale Fill Pattern is set to a solid fill and Color to black You can see the ference in how these walls present in the same plan

dif-Managing Layer Position

When you insert new layers, the newly created layer is always positioned below the active layer (theselected layer) in the layer table To position your new layer properly, you can either click the Insert buttonand use the Up or Down buttons to position the new layer wherever you need it, or you can select thelayer you want to reposition with the mouse (place the mouse at the beginning of the line and selectthe entire line as shown in Figure 5.3) and again, using the Up and Down buttons reposition it where youneed it By default, each time you insert a new layer, it has a Priority value of Structure [1], a Material set-ting of By Category, and a Thickness value of 0, and Wrap is selected:

Note that you can not delete the layer between the two gray lines (the structural portion of the wall) if

it is the only or the last one A structural layer must exist and have at least one layer that has a valuegreater than zero If you make a wall that has only one material (like a concrete foundation wall), youmust place that one concrete layer between the gray core-boundary lines

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FLOOR AND ROOF TYPES 133

Figure 5.7

The difference tween (left) coarse and (right) fine views is that layers aren’t shown, and you can define a drafting pat-tern if you wish

Floor and Roof Types

The process of creating floor and roof types is similar to that of walls Editing the floor structure lows the same principles as for the wall structure The only parameter that is different is Wraps—

fol-in the Floor Editor, this parameter is always grayed out On the other hand, multilayered floors have an additional parameter that wall layers don’t have that allows the layer to vary in thickness

if the floor is sloped This appears in the Layers table as a new column named Variable (Figure 5.8).With the 2008 release, Revit allows you to slope floors and roofs by adding points and ridges that can then be manipulated to create creases and sloping forms You do so using Shape Editor tools, which are available in the Options bar when a floor or roof is selected The Shape Editor tools are explained in more detail in Chapter 11

Floors or roofs that have been dynamically edited with these tools enable the Variable parameter

If you select the Variable property, that floor layer can have a nonuniform thickness, as shown in Figure 5.9

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Figure 5.8

The “Variable”

parameter available only for Floor and Roof Layers

Figure 5.9

The property Variable

is selected, so the floor layer has a non-uniform thickness

If the Variable property variable isn’t selected, as in Figure 5.10, the layer in question has a form thickness, and it will be so that the entire floor structure is going to be sloped

uni-Figure 5.10

The Variable property isn’t selected, so the floor layer has uniform thickness and the entire structure slopes

Ceiling Types

Ceilings are also system families Revit includes two different ceilings families: a simple ceiling that has no thickness or internal layers, and a multilayered ceiling that is identical to floors and roof in terms of functionality Specific to ceilings is that they don’t support the variable-layer thickness functionality and don’t have a wrap function

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STAIR TYPES 135

Use the simple ceiling to model drop ceilings that are hung from the structure These are typically only as thick as the acoustical tiles and don’t need to be modeled as fully 3D forms The multi-layered ceiling is good for gypsum ceilings placed on studs

Door and Window Types

Doors and windows are external families (RFA files) and are loaded into a project as needed You should include file door and window families that you use most frequently in your templates You create initial types using the Family Editor, but there is no limit to the number of additional types you can create in the context of a project The same principle applies to other standard fam-ilies such as furniture, plumbing fixtures, lighting fixtures, and so on

Stair Types

Stairs are complex building elements and require a deep understanding of local standards, rules, and requirements Check the local Building Code requirements (minimum width, maximum height) to confirm that you’re using the correct stairwell dimensions and ensure proper headroom Formulas for calculating stairs are based on common codes and ergonomics These may have slight variations in different regions, based on local conditions

As illustrated in Figure 5.11, a number of parameters define the representation of stairs, ing rules for risers, treads, and stringers All of these can be adjusted and made into types for use

includ-in your templates

Figure 5.11

Various stair types representing different construction approaches and material selections

Properties of Stairs

In the Element Properties dialog for a stair, you can control the following properties:

Calculation Rules In the stair’s Type Parameters dialog, in the Construction/Calculation rules, click the Edit button to open the calculation rules To use the calculation functionality, select the option at the top of the Stair Calculator dialog (see Figure 5.12) The calculation rule

is based on the universal calculation formula that sets the value that should result depending on the size of the runs and risers If this value can’t be achieved, it should at least be within the min-imum and maximum range you’ve defined

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Figure 5.12

Stair Calculation Options

Extend Below Base This field defines an offset between the base of the stair and the level where it starts A positive value means the stair starts higher than its base level, and a negative value starts the stair below the base level The top of the stair isn’t affected by this parameter This option is needed for conditions where the floor material demands that the stair start a bit higher or lower than the level

Monolithic Stair When this option is selected, it changes the stair into a monolithic form where the stringers, risers, and treads are treated as the same material This is great for making concrete stairs

Landing Overlap This option is active only when the Underside Of Winder option is selected (see following explanation)

val-ues: Smooth and Stepped They represent the treatment of the underside of the stairs, as show

in Figure 5.13

Break Symbol in Plan This parameter shows a break line in plan If it’s selected, the break symbol appears at the cut height of the stair The part of the stair that is beyond the break symbol (above the cut plane of the view) is shown with special subcategories of stairs: “Stairs beyond cut line” and “Stringers beyond cut line.” Each can be assigned a different color and line type This setting is unique to the rest of the graphics used for the stair

Figure 5.14 shows on the left a stair with visible break symbol and on the right the same stair with no break symbol

from the instance properties of the stair)

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STAIR TYPES 137

Figure 5.13

Monolithic stairs with Underside Of Winder set to (a) Stepped and (b) Smooth

Figure 5.14

The same stair with and without the break-line graphic enabled

Material You can set different materials for various components of the stairs When the lithic Stair option is selected, some of the options under Material will become grayed out

in a project, you can set the Actual Tread Depth in the stair’s instance parameters If this value

is less than the type property Minimum Tread Depth, Revit gives you an error message alerting you to the problem

Tread Thickness This parameter controls the thickness of a tread

Nosing Length When this parameter has a value of 0, no nosing is applied to the stair A itive value for this parameters results in a nosing being exposed on all treads

pos-Nosing Profile This is where you can set the nosing profile that is used when Nosing Length has a positive value You can create any custom profile for the nosing—the Family Editor includes a Profile – Stair Nosing family template you need to use Once you have the custom nosing family, you load it in the template (project) and associate it with a certain stair type

Apply Nosing Profile This determines where the nosing profile is placed relative to the tread The available values are Front Only; Front and Left; Front and Right; and Front, Left and Right

No Back option is available

this setting depends on regulations set in the local Building Code as well as the type of building

Begin with a Riser, End with a Riser These settings control the start and end of the stair and the connection with the landing

Riser Type There are three possible types: None, Straight, and Slanted As shown in Figure 5.15, this is fairly self-explanatory for the riser For the slanted type, you can’t define the angle of the slope; that value is a result of the length of the tread and the profile of the nosing

Riser Thickness This value defines the thickness of the riser material

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Figure 5.15

Riser types: left to right, (a) no riser, (b) straight riser, (c) slanted rise with value 1˝ (2 cm) for nosing, (d) slanted riser with value 1.5˝

(3cm) for nosing

the left; and Extend Tread under Riser, as shown on the right:

Trim Stringers at Top This option controls how the stringer finishes its geometry at the top of the flight (see Figure 5.16)

Figure 5.16

Trim stringer options

Stringer Left/Right This setting provides three options for stringer geometry:

None: There are no stringers

Closed: The stringers are placed on the sides of the stair

Open: The stringers are placed below the stair and are cut away by risers and treads

Middle Stringers This option allows you to add one or more stringers below the stair When more than one is added, they’re evenly spaced

• Do Not Trim: The stringer continues above the level

• Match Level: The height of the stringer is coincident with the level

• Match Landing Stringer: The top of the stringer is cut at a height that matches the landing stringer

Tiêu đề	Customizing System Families and Project Settings in Your Template
Trường học	University of Architecture
Chuyên ngành	Architecture
Thể loại	bài viết
Năm xuất bản	2007
Thành phố	Hanoi

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