Bài soạn RELATIVE PRONOUN

Chuyên đề: CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ I.. MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ Không phải ngẫu nhiên mà người ta coi đại từ quan hệ là một trong “tứ trụ” trong cấu trúc tiếng Anh.. phần gạch chân là

Chuyên đề:

CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

I MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ

Không phải ngẫu nhiên mà người ta coi đại từ quan hệ là một trong “tứ trụ” trong cấu trúc tiếng Anh Đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng rất rộng rãi cả trong văn nói và trong văn viết

II KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN

Who – that (chủ ngữ chỉ người)

+The man is my teacher The man is at the door

- The man who(that)is at the door is my teacher

(phần gạch chân là mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ bổ nghĩa cho “the man”) The girl is from Vietnam The girl is wearing red

- The girl who is wearing red is from Vietnam

Which – that (chủ ngữ chỉ vật)

+The book is interesting The book is on the table

-The book which is on the table is interesting

+The pencil is Nam’s The pencil is red and blue

-The pencil which is red and blue is Nam’s

Whom, which, that (tân ngữ)

3.1 Whom (dùng cho người), that (dùng cho cả người và vật), which (dùng cho vật): là tân ngữ.

I know the man You met the man yesterday

- I know the man whom/ that you met yesterday

I haven’t found the pen I lost the pen yesterday

-I haven’t found the pen which/ that I lost yesterday

I don’t know the woman You are talking about the woman now

-I don’t know the woman whom/ that you are talking about now

= I don’t know the woman about whom you are talking now (không dùng “that”)

We like the book Your mother spoke about the book yesterday

-We like the book which/ that your mother spoke about yesterday

= We like the book about which your mother spoke yesterday (không dùng “that”)

Chú ý: Nếu giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì không dùng “that”

Whose – of which (sở hữu)

I teach the children Their house is next to mine

- I teach the children whose house is next to mine

I work in the school The gate of the school is blue

- I work in the school, of which the gate is blue

= I work in the school, the gate of which is blue

When = on which (day, date), when = in which (year)

I always remember the year the war ended in that year

- I always remember the year when/ in which the war ended She reminded me of the date We first met on that date

- She reminded me of the date when/ on which we first met

Where = in (at, to) which

We visited the village last week We were born in the village

- We visited the village where/ in which we were born

Why = for which

He told me the reason He was late for the reason

- He told me the reason why/ for which he was late

Mệnh đề phụ tớnh ngữ xỏc định và khụng xỏc định

Mệnh đề phụ tớnh ngữ xỏc định: là thành phần cơ bản

trong cõu, khụng thể thiếu, khụng thể bỏ đi được (không có dấu phảy giữa hai mệnh đề)

The book is interesting The book is on the table

- the book which is on the table is interesting

Mệnh đề phụ tớnh ngữ khụng xỏc định: là mệnh đề cung cấp thờm thụng tin, là thành phần khụng cơ bản, cú thể bỏ

đi được (giữa hai mệnh đề có dấu phảy, mệnh đề tớnh ngữ

khụng xỏc định khi thành phần trong cõu đó được xỏc định bằng tớnh từ sở hữu, sở hữu cách, danh từ riêng, tớnh từ chỉ định hoặc yếu tố duy nhất)

Nam’s book is interesting It is on the table

- Nam’s book, which is on the table, is interesting

Từ chỉ lượng với đại từ quan hệ

some of/most of/a lot of/both of/neither of/a pair of…+

whom/ which

I go to school with some friends Most of them are boys

- I go to school with some friends, most of whom are boys

We sent him two pictures Both of them were new

- We sent him two pictures, both of which were new

Các trường hợp không dùng “that”

Giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ

I know the man with whom you live

Mệnh đề có chứa từ chỉ lượng

They met many children, most of whom were girls

Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó

He often sailed across the lake, which nobody had done before

Sau 1 tiền trí từ hỗn hợp : (người vật lẫn lộn)

Ex: The old man and two dogs made much noise They

passed my house yesterday.

The old man and two dogs that I passed my house

yesterday made much noise.

Sau 1 tính từ cực cấp (so sánh bậc nhất = SUPERLATIVE)

Trong câu thường có THE BEST và THE MOST.

Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.

-Sau các từ sau:

ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY, FIRST, LAST, MUCH, LITTLE, SOME, ANY, NO …

Ex1: He reads every book that he can borrow.

Ex 2 : You are only person that can help me.

Sau "IT + BE + …THAT = chính là"

Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.

Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn

1 Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với phân từ

The Royal College, which was founded in 1076, is the oldest university in this country

- The Royal College, founded in 1076, is the oldest university

in this country

Applications which are received after the deadline cannot be considered

- Applications received after the deadline cannot be

considered

People who travelled into the city every day are used to the hold-ups

- People travelling into the city every day are used to the

hold-ups

2 Mệnh đề tớnh ngữ rỳt gọn đại từ quan hệ và to be

Oak, which is one of the most durable hard woods, is often

used to make furniture

- Oak, one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture

3 Mệnh đề tớnh ngữ rỳt gọn với động từ nguyờn mẫu

Chỳng ta dựng mệnh đề tớnh ngữ rỳt gọn với động từ nguyờn mẫu sau cỏc số thứ tự (first, second ), hỡnh thức so sỏnh bậc nhất (oldest ), next, last, only:

Who was the first person that conquered Mount Everest?

-Who was the first person to conquer Mount Everest?

She is the only student who has signed up for the course - She is the only student to sign up for the course

Các trường hợp dùng dấu phẩy

Khi danh từ đứng trước who, which, whom là danh từ riêng, tên

Ha Noi, which

Mary, who is

Có “this ,that ,these ,those” đứng trước danh từ :

This book, which

Có sở hữu đứng trước danh từ :

My mother, who is

Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết : Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng ) The Sun, which

1.Peter wanted to have dinner with us He hated eating on his

own

2 We saw several houses Most of them were modern

3 My brother has just sold his town house His dream is to live in

a farm house

4 We pay a visit to the house We lived in the house 10 years

ago

5 They’ll never forget the day Their wedding took place on that

day.

Peter, who hated eating on his own, wanted to have dinner with us

We saw several houses, most of which were modern

My brother, whose dream is to live in a farm house, has just sold his town house

We pay a visit to the house where (in which) we lived 10 years ago

They’ll never forget the day(when) on which their wedding took place.

6 What was the name of the year? Your son was born in that year

7 Hai phong is a nice city Its streets are green

8 I like the dog Its fur is white

9 Felipe bought a camera The camera has three lenses

10 Frank is the man We are going to nominate Frank for the office

of treasurer.

What was the name of the year (when) in which your son was

born?

Hai phong, whose streets (the streets of which) are green, is a nice city

I like the dog whose fur (the fur of which) is white

Felipe bought a camera which (that ) has three lenses

Frank is the man whom we are going to nominate for the office of treasurer

1 She gives her children everything……….they want.

a that b who c whom d what

2 Tell me……….you want and I will try to help you

a that b what c who d which

3 The place………….we spent our holiday was really

beautiful

a.what b.who c.where d.which

4 What was the name of the girl……… passport was

stolen?

a.whose b.who c.which d.when

5 The bed………….I slept in was too soft

a.whose b.which c.what d.who

6 Nora is the only person……… understands me

a.which b who c what d

whose

7 Why do you always disagree with everything….I say? a.who b which c.when d.where

8 This is an awful film It is the worst……… I have

never seen

a.who b that c what d whom

9 The hotel ……… we stayed was not clean

a.who b that c where d when

10 The last time ……… I saw her, she looked very

beautiful

a.who b.that c where d when

11 What was the name of the people ……… car had broken down

a.which b who c.whom d.whose

12 I recently went back to the town…… I was born

a.what b where c.who d.which

13 The reason……… I phoned him was to invite him

to a party

a what b whose c.why d.which

14 I don't agree with ……… you have just said

a.what b who c.when d.which

15 She told me her address………… I wrote on a

piece of paper

a.what b which c.when d where

16 The dress didn't fit her, so she took it back to the shop…… she had bought it

a.where b.which c what d when

17 Do you know the girl………….Tom is talking to? a.whom b.what c.which d whose

18 I gave her all the money ………… I had

a.that b.what c.when d.whose

19 The party……… we went to wasn't very enjoyable a.who b.when c.that d.where

20 The stories……… Tom tells are usually very funny a.when b.that c.where d.who

21 I met the woman……… can speak six languages a.who b.that c.which d.whom

22 Have you seen the money ……… was on the table? a.who b.which c.where d.whom

23 Where is the picture……… was on the wall?

a.when b.where c.which d.who

24 I don't like people ……… never stop talking

a.who b.which c.whom d.whose

25 Why does she always wear clothes……….are too small for her?

a.which b.who c.whose d.where

26 The factory… John works in is the biggest in town a.when b.where c.which d.how

27 Have you ever seen the photographs….Ann took? a.that b.where c.when d.who

28 Everybody………….went to the party enjoyed it

very much

a that b whose c.which d.who

29 1945 was the year……the second world war ended a.which b.why c.when d.where

30 Is there a shop near hear………… I can buy a

postcard?

a.when b.which c.where d.who