Hãy cho biết từ đồng nghĩa hoặc gần nghĩa, từ trái nghĩa của các từ sau nếu có: từ cho sẵn từ đồng / gần nghĩa Từ trái nghĩa Exercise 3: Hãy chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất: 1.. After mo
Trang 1Unit 7: ECONOMIC REFORMS
PART 1: VOCABULARY:
Exercise 1 Hãy điền vào các ô trống các từ loại còn lại (nếu có) từ các từ cho sẵn sau đây:
economy economiceconomical economically to economize Nền kinh tế
To carry out Thực hiện
To restructure Xây dựng lại
To under-develop Phát triển kém
To eleminate Xóa bỏ
To reduce Làm giảm, rút ngắn
To encourage Khuyến khích
To reaffirm Khẳng định lại
To call for Kêu gọiadministration administrative To administrate Thuộc về quản lý
Trang 2dissolution dissolvant To dissolve Giải tán, phân hủy
to undergo Trải qua
Exercise 2 Hãy cho biết từ đồng nghĩa hoặc gần nghĩa, từ trái nghĩa của các từ sau (nếu có):
từ cho sẵn từ đồng / gần nghĩa Từ trái nghĩa
Exercise 3: Hãy chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất:
1 Everybody should be made aware the risks involved
2 The recent economic crisis has brought a slump in world trade
3 The government is aiming 50% reduction in unemployment
4 Sport is sometimes used by governments as a tool of foreign
A policy B political C politics D politician
5 The President has his commitment to the peace process
6 The government made serious attempts to raise the of living
7 The police have asked for the of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the escaped convict
8 The government shifted economic priority from heavy industry to three major economic programmes.
9 The government introduced a wage freeze so that might be brought under control
10 A strike in the mining industry is threatening to bring about a shortage of coal in the near future.
11 The Vietnamese Communist Party an overall economic reform in December, 1986
12 To promote the development of our country, we should economic reforms
_
Trang 3A marry to B bring about C carry out D take out
13 The aim of”Đổi Mới”was to the economy of Vietnam and to raise the living standards ofthe people
A restructure B restroom C restate D remote
14 Before “Đổi Mới”, our country a lot of difficulties on many aspects of life
15 Before “Đổi Mới”, our economy was _and was dominated by traditional agriculture
A over-developing B super-developing C out-developed D under-developed
16 Before “Đổi Mới”, our country was and the people led a /an life
A rich / poor B rich / stable C poor / poor D poor / wealthy
17 Before “Đổi Mới”, there were schools and hospitals
A a lack of B an overdosage of C sufficiency of D abundance of
18 It is quite important me to get on and think
19 If you think you may be allergic to a food or drink, eliminate it your diet
20 The new policies include cutting subsidies and trade barriers
A agriculture B agricultural C agriculturalist D agriculturally
21 The control of has been carried out through measures rooted in monetarism
22 It is often a good idea to start with small, easily goals
23 Economic reforms began in the Soviet Union in June 1985 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to the Soviet economy
24 After more than a decade of Doi Moi or economic , the Vietnamese Communist
government has achieved diplomatic and economic links with numerous foreign partners
25 For more than 20 years, the Vietnamese government has pursued the open-door and continued to woo foreign investment
26 After a decade of economic liberalization, Vietnam has seen a dramatic rise in living in urban areas
27 laws and regulations which impose restrictions on any rights should be revised to comply with international law
A Domestic B Program C Encouraged D Expanding
28 These new economic reforms have allowed for international and development in the country
29 In 2001 Vietnamese Communist Party approved a 10-year economic plan that enhanced the role of the private sector while reaffirming the primacy of the state
30 It would also concomitantly attract foreign investment to Vietnam, not only from U.S., butalso from Europe, Asia, and other regions
31 Economic reforms are often carried to promote the developing of a country
Trang 432 Being aware the importance of economic reforms, the Vietnamese Communist Party initiated an overall economic reform policy.
33 For more than ten years, we have seen the significant in the economy of our country
34 Henry was a studious student He needed no to work hard
A encourage B encouraging C encouragement D encouraged
35 During the time of economic reforms, the economy has grown with only a few major setbacks
36 The effect of the new policy is that the farmer is now working for himself, and not for the state sake
37 Considering peasants make up nearly 80% of Vietnam's population.
38 The Doi Moi reforms have new possibilities in farming systems research in Vietnam
39 The introduction of appropriate farming practices to Vietnam farmers can help them achieve a higher
output.
A productivity B renovation C guideline D achievement
40 This development project could be of great help to the Vietnamese population
41 In the South, development concentrated on rice cultivation, and nationally, rice and rubber were the main items of export
42 There was a shortage food and safe water after the flooD
43 The new measures are aimed increasing the productivity of crops
44 The challenge of economic, reform was to solve the problems of motivating workers andfarmers to produce a larger surplus
A initial B initiate C initiative D initiation
45 Since 1990, India has had high growth rates, and has emerged as one of the wealthiest inthe developing world
46 Those specialists are trying to find ways of making more use of agricultural land
A produce B production C productive D productivity
47 Industry in the area consisted mostly of food-processing plants and factories consumer goods
48 The government gave top to reforming the legal system
A priority B primary C preference D major
49 A is money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry
or business, or to pay for a public service
50 They still remain the need for an integrated system of subsidies which will farmers to look after their upland environment and producing fooD
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Trang 551 Development plans were to focus equally on agriculture and industry and investment was to favor projects that developed both of the economy.
52 Despite the plan's emphasis on agricultural , the industrial sector received a larger share
of state investment
53 Before”Đổi Mới”, the production of our country was
54 To solve the problems before Đổi Mới, our Government introduced a number of
measures
A renovation B remember C résumé D resolution
55 Since Đổi Mới, our country has undergone changes in many branches of life
56 “ ”means “an economic process in which prices increase so that money becomes less
valuable.”
57 As a result of the strike, the government is urging people to be with electricity
A economical B economy C economic D economically
58 The reform has brought positive effects in many sectors of the economy
59 It is to shoot an alligator in the Everglades where animals are under the protection of theNational Park Service
60 The government cut spending through reductions in state to industry
61 The government is aiming 50% reduction unemployment
62 After many years of Doi Moi process, Vietnam has many encouraging results
63 Did your country a lot of difficulties before Doi Moi?
A experience B experienced C experiences D experiencing
64 I want you to these instructions exactly
65 The committee among themselves for hours
A have been arguing B have been argued C has been arguing D has been argued
66 Industrial countries a great amount of raw materials
67 The most important impact of is the change in urban economic life
68 We need a improvement in sales so that they are greater
69 Don’t you think the manager should deal this problem?
Trang 672 This development project could be of great help to the Vietnamese population.
73 The authorities are determined to take together to reduce crime
74 The old theater is in need of complete
75 Prior to the economic reform, the country had experienced many years of a
economy
76 Education is our first now We are trying to do what we can to make it better
77 They have made a substantial change; that means, they have made a(n) change
78 M.D played much better than their opponents; they almost the match
A dominated B eliminated C activated D terminated
79 The company was because of a shortage of orders
80 With the tactful guidelines of the Vietnamese Communist Party, we have to wish to live
a brighter life
81 There was a shortage _food and safe water after the flood
82 The old theater is in need of complete _
83 The authorities are determined to take tougher _to reduce crime
84 Prior to the economic reform, the country had experienced many years of a _economy
A stagnant B fluent C fluently D smoothly
85 Education is our first _now We are trying to do what we can to make it better
86 They have made a substantial change; that means, they have made a(n) _change
87 M.D played much better than their opponents; they almost _the match
A dominated B eliminated C activated D terminated
88 The company was _because of a shortage of orders
89 His _makes his parents happy
90 English provides you with ready access to higher
Exercise 4: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành bài khóa dưới đây
Since the introduction of economic reforms in India in early 1990s, the major thrust of the country hasbeen to achieve faster economic (1) , higher export earnings, greater foreign reserves, andenhanced foreign direct investment (2) efforts have been directed towards achieving thedesired goals in these macro-economic parameters (3) it is heartening to note theaccomplishments at the macro-economic front, it is (4) disturbing that the enhanced rate ofeconomic growth has failed to address certain issues of vital importance These issues and concerns include
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Trang 7the dynamics of labor marker, progress (5) the agricultural sector, gender equality, casterepresentations, cultural development, and environmental protection.
Exercise 5: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành bài khóa dưới đây
Economic issues have occupied people's minds throughout the ages Aristotle and Plato in ancientGreece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and (1) Both of them were against commerce,feeling that to live by trade was undesirable The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeksand showed the same contempt for trade
During the Middle Ages, the economic ideas of the Roman (2) commerce as inferior toagriculture The development of modern nations during (3) 16th century made many people
to pay (4) to the problem of increasing the wealth and (5) of individuals Theeconomic policy of the leaders of that time was to (6) national self-sufficiency Gold andsilver were regarded as an index of national power Several powerful countries, such as England and Spain,were trying to expand their colonies and to (7) the gold and silver mines from there Manycountries were always ready to plunge into a new war for gold and silver mines It was necessary for anation to keep wages low and the population large and growing A large, ill-paid population (8) more goods to sell at low prices to foreigners It also followed that the earlier that childrenbegan to work, the better it was for their country's prosperity One writer had a plan for children of the poor:
“(9) the children are four years old, they should be sent to the workhouse, taught to read twohours a day, and kept fully employed the rest of the time in any of the manufactures of the house which bestsuits their age, (10) and capacity
2 A regarded B chose C selected D wondered
4 A attention B interest C showing D expression
5 A power B powerful C powerfully D powered
Exercise 6: Hãy đọc đoạn văn và chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất cho mỗi câu hỏi theo sau:
In 1986 Vietnam launched a political and economic innovation campaign (Doi Moi) that introducedreforms intended to facilitate the transition from a centralized economy to a”socialist-oriented marketeconomy.”Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market incentives The program abolishedagricultural collectives, removed price controls on agricultural goods, and enabled farmers to sell their goods
in the marketplace It encouraged the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, includingforeign-owned enterprises
By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi wasevident More than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annualrate of more than 7 percent From the early 1990s to 2005, poverty declined from about 50 percent to 29percent of the population However, progress varied geographically, with most prosperity concentrated in
Trang 8urban areas, particularly in and around Ho Chi Minh City In general, rural areas also made progress, as ruralhousel olds living in poverty declined from 66 percent of the total in 1993to 36 percent in 2002 By contrast,concentrations of poverty remained in certain rural areas, particularly the northwest, north-central coast, andcentral highlands.
Government control of the economy and a nonconvertible currency have protected Vietnam from whatcould have been a more severe impact resulting from the East Asian financial crisis in 1997
1 The Vietnamese Doi Moi campaign _
A has not interfered with politics B has focused on centralized economy
C is not in favour of socialism D came into being in 1986
2 From the content of the text, the readers can learn that _
A Vietnam used to have agricultural collectives
B there used to be many foreign-owned enterprises before 1986 in Vietnam
C before 1986, the Vietnamese government did not control prices on agricultural goods
D The Vietnamese Doi Moi campaign has not allowed foreign-owned enterprises
3 Which rate has decreased?
4 The development in Vietnam _
A has been equal in every part of the country
B has focused only on agriculture
C is more prosperous in big cities than that in the countryside
D is more prosperous in the countryside than that in big cities
5 According to the last paragraph, _
A the Vietnamese government did nothing to overcome the East Asian financial crisis in 1997
B The Vietnamese economy was not affected by the East Asian financial crisis in 1997
C the Vietnamese government found it difficult to control the financial crisis
D the Vietnamese government could not protect the economy from the East Asian financial crisis in 1997
Exercise 7: Hãy đọc đoạn văn và chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất cho mỗi câu hỏi theo sau:
Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from theravages of war Substantial progress was achieved from1986 to 1997 in moving forward from an extremelylow level of development and significantly reducing poverty
Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization andinternational integration They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize theeconomy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries
Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry into force of the US-VietnamBilateral Trade Agreement in December 2001.have led to even more rapid changes in Vietnam's trade andeconomic regime Vietnam's exports to the US doubled in 2002 and again in 2003
Vietnam joined the WTO (World Trade Organization) in January 2007, following over a decade longnegotiation process This should provide ail important boost to the economy and should help to ensure thecontinuation of liberalizing reforms
Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than onemillion people every year Vietnamese authorities have tightened monetary and fiscal policies to stem highinflation Hanoi is targeting an economic growth rate of 7.5-8% during the next five years
1 Vietnam's economy is _
_
Trang 92 According to the text, Vietnam _.
A used to be well-developed before 1986
B Vietnam is still in extreme poverty
C could recover from the consequences of the war soon
D has been modernizing the economy
3 Vietnam _
A does not export anything to the US
B exported to the US in 2003 twice as much goods as in 2002
C did not export goods to the US in 2002
D did not export goods to the US in 2003
4 The word “This” refers to _.
A Vietnam's joining the WTO B the WTO
5 The word”stem”has a close meaning to _.
Exercise 8: Hãy xác định một câu có phần gạch dưới cần được sửa lại cho đúng:
1 The Land Law and the Enterprises Law have laid legal grounds for dissolve inefficient co-
end of the 20th century
6 The goal of Chinese economic reform was to generating sufficient surplus value to finance the
Trang 1011 Economical reform is the most important measure to be taken to promote the development of
Lý thuyết: Phần này có chủ đề chính là mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu bằng các chữ THOUGH, ALTHOUGH,
EVEN THOUGH (mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ), nhưng bài tập được biên soạn mở rộng thêm với các từ khácnữa vì tác giả nhận thấy có mối liên hệ về cách dùng của các từ này:
in spite of the fact
Trang 11Lưu ý: Khi trong câu có mệnh đề hoặc cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Có chữ cho dù, mặc dù) thì mệnh đề chính không được bắt đầu bằng chữ BUT nhé!
Bài tập áp dụng:
Exercise 1: Hãy chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất:
1 He refused to give up work, _he’s won a million pounds
2 he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home
3 an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London Road
4 the wet weather, the football match went ahead
5 the rise in unemployment, people still seem to be spending more
6 I’d like to go to Thailand, it’s by no means the only country in the world I want to see
7 There’s no danger in using this machinery you adhere the safety regulations
8 She didn’t feel well, but this she went to work
9 He managed to win the race hurting his foot before the race
10 The player was ejected because he committed a foul.
11 _some German and British management styles are similar, there are many differences between them
A In spite B In spite of C Despite the fact that D Despite
12 I could not eat _I was very hungry
A even though B in spite C despite D in spite the fact that
13 In spite _, the baseball game was not cancelled
A the rain B of the rain C it was raining D there was a rain
14 _he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car
15 _, he walked to the station
A Despite being tired B Although to be tired C In spite being tired D Despite tired
16 The children slept well despite _
17 _her lack of hard work, she was promoted
18 _they are brothers, they do not look like
19 We are concerned with the problem of energy resources _we must also think of our environment
20 Our new neighbors are quite nice _they are sometimes talkative
21 _of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain
Trang 1222 In spite of his hard work , he could not finish the job.
C Though he worked hard D Although hard work
23 Despite the fact that _, we enjoyed our trip
A the weather is bad B it is a bad weather C the bad weather D the weather was bad
24 Tom went to work despite _
A that he did not feel very well B of the fact not feeling well
C he did not feel very well D not feeling very well
25 It was very cold _she did not put on her coat
26 John rarely sees Paul _they live in the same town
27 _, I can’t sleep
A Because I drank coffee late at night B If I drink coffee late at night
C Although I drink a lot of coffee D In spite of not drinking coffee
28 The student arrived late _the traffic jam
A because of B inspite of C although D because
29 _you study harder, you will not win the scholarship
30 He works hard _help his family
A so as that B in order to C in order that D A & B
31 The student arrived late _the traffic jam
A because of B inspite of C although D because
32 _his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman
33 _she spoke slowly, I couldn't understand her
34 The flight had to be delayed _the bad weather
35 _he is tired, he can't work longer
A Because B Even though C Although D Besides
36 _it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat
37 _he is so busy with his work, he always finds time to go to the concert every week
38 He passed the examination _he had been prevented by illness from studying
39 _she's got an English name, she is in fact Vietnamese
40 _ he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin
41 They worked hard _they could pass the final exam
42 He left home early _he could arrive at the station on time
43 We could reach the house _the road was flooded
44 Our teacher speaks slowly _we may understand him
_