Definition: §Þnh nghÜa 1/ The Active form: Thể chủ động là dạng câu mà chủ từ của câu là người / vật thực hiện hành động – gây ra tác động lên người hoặc vật khác.. Ex: - Ann writes a[r]
Trang 1The active and the passive sentences
( Câu chủ động – câu bị động)
A Definition: ( Định nghĩa)
1/ The Active form: ( Thể chủ động ) là dạng câu mà chủ từ của câu là / vật
thực hiện hành động – gây ra tác động lên hoặc vật khác
Ex: - Ann writes a letter
- Some farmers are working in the rice field
2/ The passive form: ( Câu bị động) là dạng câu mà chử từ của câu nhận tác động của
hoặc vật khác – chịu tác động bởi hoặc vật khác lên nó
Ex: - John is punished by his father
- I was followed by an old man
Lưu ý: Sử dụng câu bị động, khi chúng ta quan tâm nhiều đến hành động C thực
hiện thế nào mà không chú ý đến tác nhân gây ra hành động đó
Ex: - Rice is produced in Vietnam.
B Quy tắc chuyển từ một câu chủ động sang câu bị động
Muốn chuyển từ một câu chủ động sang câu bị động, ta thực hiện các 6 J sau:
Active: S + V A + O
Passive: S + Be V PII + By O (tác nhân/ làm)
V-ed
Form: Be + V Past Participle / PII
V cột3 (ĐTBQT)
B1: Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động.
B2: Nếu cố trợ động từ trong câu chủ động, đặt trợ động từ ấy ngay sau chủ ngữ của
câu bị động
B3: Chia động từ “To be” theo thì và trợ động từ của câu chủ động Câu củ động chia ở thì nào thì động từ “to be” trong câo bị động chia ở thì đấy.
B4: Đặt động từ chính của câu chủ động ở dạng V PII (Động từ chia ở phân từ 2)
B5: Chuyển chủ ngữ của câu chủ động thành dạng “by O” sau động từ chính trong câu ( có thể bỏ “by O” nếu nó không quan trọng hoặc C hiểu ngầm)
C Cấu trúc của câu bị động chia theo thì và trợ động từ:
1 Simple present tense (thì hiện tại đơn)
S + is/ am / are + V p2
Trang 2Ex: A: Ann writes a letter.
P: A letter is written by Ann
2 Present continuous tense: ( Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
S + is/ am / are + being + V p2
Ex: A: Ann is writing a letter
P: A letter is being written by Ann
3 Simple past tense: ( Thì quá khứ đơn)
S + were/ was + Vp2
Ex:
A: Ann wrote a letter
P: A letter was written by Ann
4 Past continuous tense: ( Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
S + were/ was + being + Vp2
Ex:
A: Ann was writing a letter
P: A letter was being written by Ann
5 Present perfect tense: ( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
I/ We/ You/ They + have + been + Vp2 He/ she/ it + has
Ex:
A: Ann has written a letter
P: A letter has been written by Ann
6 Past perfect tense: ( Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
S + had + been + Vp2
Ex: A: Ann had written a letter
P: A letter had been written by Ann
7 Simple future tense: ( Thì [ lai đơn)
I/ We + will/ shall + be + Vp2 He/ She/ It/ They/ You + will
Ex;
A: Ann will write a letter
P: A letter will be written by Ann
8 Future of intention: ( Thì [ lai có dự định)
S + is/ am/ are + going to + be + Vp2
Ex;
A: Ann is going to write a letter
Trang 3P: A letter is going to be written by Ann.
9 Future perfect tense: (Thì [ lai hoàn thành)
I/ We + will/ shall + have + been + Vp2 He/ She/ It/ They/ You + will
Ex:
A: Ann will have written a letter
P: A letter will have been written by Ann
10 Modal verbs: ( trợ động từ/ động từ khuyết thiếu)
Can/ may/ must/ ought to/ should/ would/ could/ might
S + modal verbs + be + Vp2
Ex: A: You can see him now
P: He can be seen (by you) now
Lưu ý:
- Ta có thể bỏ by me/ by him/ by her/ by it/ by us/ by you/ by them/ by some one/ by somebody/ by people trong câu bị động.
- Trong & hợp, câu chủ động có trạng ngữ chỉ nôi chốn thì ta đặt trạng ngữ
chỉ nơi chốn & J by O.
Ex: The police found him in the forest.
He was found in the forest by the police
- Trong & hợp, câu chủ động có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thì ta đặt trạng ngữ
chỉ thời gian sau by O.
Ex: My parents are going to buy a new car tomorrow.
A new car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow
- Trong & hợp, câu chủ động có cả trạng ngữ chỉ nôi chốn và trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian Thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động vị chí sắp xếp các trạng ngữ phải tuân theo quy tắc sau:
S + be + V P2 + địa điểm + by O + thời gian
Ex: Lan was taken to the park by her mother yesterday morning
S be VP2 địa điểm by O thời gian
- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ “With”
thay vì dùng “by” & J objects.
Ex: Smoke filled the room
The room was filled with smoke
- Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ thì một trong hai tân ngữ có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động Tuy nhiên tân ngữ chỉ C tiên sữ dụng nhiều hơn
Ex: I am writing her a letter
O1 O2 She is being written a letter
A letter is being written to her
- Các động từ: ask/ tell/ give/ send/ show/ teach/ pay/ offer có hai
tân ngữ
Trang 4- nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động ở thể phủ định ( no one, nobody, none of thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động, chúng ta chia động từ bị động ở dạng bị động Ex: No one can answer this question
This question can’t be answered
Một số dạng bị động khác
1/ Dạng nhờ bảo: ( Causative form) “ Have / Get/ make”
Active: S + have + O (người) + bare infinitive + O (người/ vật)
Passive: S + have + O (vật) + Vp2 + ( by O người )
Ex: - I had him repair my bicycle yesterday
I had my bicycle repaired (by him) yesterday
Active: S + get + O (người) + to infinitive + O (vật)
Passive: S + get + O (vật) + Vp2 + (by O người )
Ex: - I get her to make some coffee
I get some coffee made (by her)
Active: S + make + O (người) + bare infinitive + O2 (người/ vật) Passive: S + be made + to infinitive + O2 + ( by O người )
Ex: - He makes this boy clean the car
The boy is made to clean the car
2/ Động từ chỉ giác quan: (see/ watch/ hear )
Active: S + verb + O + bare infinitive / V-ing +
Passive: S (O A ) + be + Vp2 + to infinitive/ V-ing +
Ex: - They saw her come in
She was seen to come in
3/ Động từ chỉ ý kiến: (say/ think/ believe/ report/ )
Active: S + verb + That + clause ( S2 + V2 + O2)
Passive: * It + be + Vp2 + that + clause
* S2 + be + Vp2 + to infinitive
to have Vp2
Trang 5Ex:
- People say that he is a famous doctor
It is said that he is a famous doctor
He is said to be a famous doctor
- They thought that Mary had gone away
Marry was thought to have gone away
It was thought that Marry had gone away
4/ Câu mệnh lệnh:
a/ Active: Verb + O +
Passive: Let + O + be Vp2 +
Ex: write your name here
Let your name be written here
b/ S + let + O(người) + do + something
S(O) + be + let + to do something.
S(O) + be + allowed + to do something.
Ex: He let me go out
I was let to go out
I was allowed to go out
Bài tập
I/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form.
1 Somebody has taken my briefcase
2 The teacher returned our written work to us
3 She had finished her report by soon
4 The mad dog bit the little boy
5 The police have arrested five suspects
6 The doctor ordered him to take a long rest
7 lightening struck the house
8 A group of students have met their friends at the rail way station
9 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home
10 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow
11 Marry has operated Tom since 10 o’clock
12 This is the second time they have written to us about this
13 Mr Smith has taught us French for two year
14 They didn’t look after the children properly
15 Nobody swept this street last week
16 People drink a great deal of tea in England
17 People speak English all over the world
18 Tom was writing two poems
19 She often takes her dog for a walk
Trang 620 They can’t make tea with cold water.
21 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan
22 Somebody has taken some of my book away
23 They will hold the meeting before the May Day
24 They have to repair the engine of the car
25 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures
26 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday
27 They may use this room for the classroom
28 The teacher is going to tell a story
29 Marry is cutting the cake with a sharp knife
30 The children looked at the women with a red hat
31 She used to pull my hat over my eyes
32 For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand
33 A pair of Robins has built a nest in the porch since last week
34 The police haven’t found the murderer yet
35 They sold one of her paintings at $1,000
36 I will put your gloves back in the drawer
37 People speak English in almost every corner of the world
38You mustn’t use the machine after 5.30 p.m
39 Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name
40 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board
41 You must clean the wall before you paint it
42 They told the new pupil where to sit
43 I knew that they had told him of the meeting
44 Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness
45 No one believes this story
46 A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam
47 We must take good care of books borrowed from the library
48 A man I know told me about it
49 We can never find him at home for he is always on the move
50 They use milk for making butter and cheese
II/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form.
1 Yes No questions.
1 Do they teach English here?
2 Will you invite her to your wedding party?
3 Did the teacher give some exercise?
4 Is she going to write a poem?
5 Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
6 Is she making big cake for the party?
7 Has Tom finished the work?
8 Are the police making inquires about the thief?
9 Must we finish the test before ten?
10.Will buses bring the children home?
2 Wh question:
11 When will you do the work?
Trang 712 How many days did she spend finishing the work?
13 How do you spend this amount of money?
14 What books are people reading this year?
15 How did the police find the lost man?
16 Who looked after the children for you?
17 How long have they waited for the doctor?
18 What time can the boys hand in their paper?
19 Why didn’t they help him?
20 Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
3 Sentences with verbs “continue and begin”.
21 We’ll continue to use this computer
22 They began to plant rubber trees in big plantation
23 People can continue to enjoy natural resources
24 People will continue to drink coca – cola in the 21st century
25 American people began to love football
4 Sentences with phrasal verbs.
26 They gave up the research after three hours
27 Someone should look into the matter
28 Don’t speak until someone speak to you
29 A neighbor is looking after the children
30 Your story brings back pleasant memories
5 Sentences with verbs of perception: (gi¸c quan)
31 I have heard her sing that song several times
32 People saw him steal your car
33 The teacher is watching them work
34 He won’t let you do that silly thing again
35 People don’t make the children work hard
36 They made him work all day
37 The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag
38 The terrorists made the hostages lie down
39 Police advise drivers to use an alternative route
40 She helps me do all these difficult exercises
6 Sentences with “advise, beg, order, urge, agree, decide ”.
41 She advised me to sell that house
42 They beg us to help them
43 He orders us to clean the floor
44 He recommends me to do the job
45 She urged him to visit her parents as soon as possible
7 Sentences of imperative:
46 Open your book!
47 Take off your hat!
48 Don’t do that silly thing again!
49 Let tell them about it!
50 Don’t let the other see you!]
8 Some special sentences:
51 It is dangerous for us to take the short cut
Trang 852 You need to have you hair cut.
53 You must see it to believe it
54 John wants someone to take some photographs
55 We enjoy writing letter
III Read the sentences then write another sentences with the same meaning.
1 It is believe that the wanted man is living in New York
- The wanted man
2 It is said that many people are homeless after the flood
- Many people
3 It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law
- The Prime Minister
4 It is expected that the government will lose the election
- The government
5 It is thought that the prisoner escaped climbing over the wall
- The prisoner
6 It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen
- The thieves
7 It is alleged that he drove through the town at 90 miles an hour
- He
8 It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident
- Two people
9 It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion
- Three men
10 It is said that he is 108 years old
- He
11 They rumored the man was still living
- The man
12 They declared that she won the competition
- She
13 People believed that13 is an unlucky number
- Number 13
14 They saw that John is the brightest student in class
- John
15 People believed that the earth stood still
- The earth
III Change the following sentences into passive voice (5points)
1 She has to pick fruit very early in the morning
2 The house was dirty because she hadn’t cleaned it for weeks
3 She is taking care of the baby girl
4 Children should treat old men with respect
5 She was wearing her new T-shirt when I met her yesterday