giáo án dạy thêm 12 ôn thi THPT QG

“You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.. 6.”I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.. 16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend sai

Date of preparation:

Period 1-3 REVISION

I Aims:

1 Knowledge

- To provide learners some revision and practice on the use of verb tenses and modal verbs

2 Skills:- To promote Ss to develop the skill of working in pairs and groups

3 Attitudes: To encourage Ss to work harder, to provide Ss some motivation

4 Ability and virtue:

- Ability: self-solving; communication, cooperation, using language, self-managing, creation

- Virtue: hard-working, responsibility

II Method: integrated, discussion

III Preparations

1 Teacher: handouts, exercises, lesson plan

2 Students: notebook, pen

IV Steps of teaching

T asks representatives of groups to present theory in front of the class

T gets Ss to give comment then sums up the knowledge

A TENSE OF VERBS

1 Thì Hiện Tại Đơn (Simple Present):

Công thức thì hiện tại đơn đối với động từ thường

• Khẳng định:S + V_S/ES + O

• Phủ định: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + V(inf) +O

• Nghi vấn: DO/DOES + S + V(inf) + O ?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại đơn:

Thì hiện tại đơn trong câu thường có những từ sau: Every, always, often , usually, rarely , generally, frequently.

Cách dùng thì hiện tại đơn:

• Thì hiện tại đơn nói về một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý đúng (Ex: The sun rises inthe East and sets in the West.)

• Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 thói quen , một hành động thường xảy ra ở hiện tại (Ex:I get

up early every morning.)

• Để nói lên khả năng của một người (Ex : Tùng plays tennis very well.)

• Thì hiện tại đơn còn được dùng để nói về một thời gian biểu, chương trình, lịch trình…trong tương lai (EX:The football match starts at 20 o’clock.)

2 Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous):

Công thức thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:

• Khẳng định: S +am/ is/ are + V_ing + O

• Phủ định: S + am/ is/ are+ not + V_ing + O

• Nghi vấn:Am/is/are+S + V_ing+ O ?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:

Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn trong câu thường có những cụm từ sau: At present, at the moment, now, right now, at, look, listen.…

3 Thì quá khứ đơn (Simple Past):

Công thức thì quá khứ đơn đối với động từ thường

• Khẳng định:S + Vp2/ED + O

• Phủ định: S + did + not+ V(inf) + O

• Nghi vấn: Did + S + V(inf) + O ?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

Các từ thường xuất hiện trong thì quá khứ đơn: Yesterday, ago , last night/ last week/ last month/ last year, ago(cách đây), when.

Cách dùng:

• Dùng thì quá khứ đơn khi nói về một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quákhứ (EX: I went to the concert last week; I met him yesterday.)

• Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ (Ex: She came home, had a cup

of water and went to her room without saying a word.)

• Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 (EX: If I were rich, I wouldn’t be living this life)

• Diễn đạt một hành động xen vào một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ (EX:Jordan was waiting for the bus when Tim came.)

4.Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Công thức

• Khẳng định: S + was/were + V_ing + O

• Phủ định: S + was/were+ not + V_ing + O

• Nghi vấn: Was/were+S+ V_ing + O ?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

• Trong câu có trạng từ thời gian trong quá khứ với thời điểm xác định

• At + thời gian quá khứ (at 5 o’clock last night,…)

• At this time + thời gian quá khứ (at this time one weeks ago, …)

• In + năm trong quá khứ (in 2010, in 2015)

• Khẳng định:S + have/ has + V3/ED+ O

• Phủ định:S + have/ has+ NOT + V3/ED+ O

• Nghi vấn:Have/ has + S+ V3/ED+ O ?

• Khẳng định: S + have/ has + been + V_ing + O

• Phủ định: S + haven’t/ hasn’t + been + V-ing

• Nghi vấn: Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing ?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

Trong câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn thường có các từ sau: All day, all week, since, for, for a long time, in the past week, recently, lately, up until now, and so far, almost every day this week, in recent years.

Cách dùng:

• Dùng để nói về hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ diễn ra liên tục, tiếp tục kéo dài

đến hiện tại (EX: I have been working for 3 hours.)

• Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả của nó vẫn còn ở hiệntại (EX: I am very tired now because I have been working hard for 10 hours.)

7 Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect):

Công thức dùng:

• Khẳng định: S + had + V3/ED + O

• Phủ định: S + had+ not + V3/ED + O

• Nghi vấn: Had +S + V3/ED + O ?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

Trong câu có các từ: After, before, as soon as, by the time, when, already, just, since, for….

Cách dùng

Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra, hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ (EX:

I had gone to school before Nhung came.)

8 Tương lai đơn (Simple Future):

Công thức:

• Khẳng định:S + shall/will + V(infinitive) + O

• Phủ định: S + shall/will + not + V(infinitive) + O

• Nghi vấn: Shall/will+S + V(infinitive) + O ?

• Nói về một dự đoán không có căn cứ (EX: I think he will come to the party.)

• Khi muốn yêu cầu, đề nghị (EX: Will you please bring me a cellphone?)

9 Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (Future Continuous):

Công thức:

• Khẳng định: S + shall/will + be + V-ing+ O

• Phủ định: S + shall/will + not + be + V-ing

• Nghi vấn: Shall/Will+S + be + V-ing ?

Dấu hiệu:

Trong câu thường có các cụm từ: next year, next week, next time, in the future, and soon.

Cách dùng :

• Dùng để nói về một hành động xảy ra trong tương lai tại thời điểm xác định (EX: At

10 o’clock tomorrow, my friends and I will be going to the museum.)

• Dùng nói về một hành động đang xảy ra trong tương lai thì có hành động khác chenvào (EX:When you come tomorrow, they will be playing football.)

10 Thì tương lai hoàn thành (Future Perfect)

Công thức:

• Khẳng định:S + shall/will + have + V3/ED

• Phủ định: S + shall/will + not + have + V3/ED

• Nghi vấn: Shall/Will+ S + have + V3/ED ?

Dấu hiệu:

• By + thời gian tương lai, By the end of + thời gian trong tương lai, by the time …

• Before + thời gian tương lai

a CAN và COULD có nghĩa là "có th ", di n t m t kh năng (ability).ể ễ ả ộ ả

Can you swim?

She could ride a bicycle when she was five years old

b CAN cũng di n t m t đi u có th x y đ n (possibility) Trong câu h i và câuễ ả ộ ề ể ả ế ỏ

c m thán CAN có nghĩa là ‘Is it possible ?’ả

Can it be true?

It surely can’t be four o’clock already!

2 COULD

a COULD là thì quá kh đ n c a CAN.ứ ơ ủ

She could swim when she was five

b COULD còn được dùng trong câu đi u ki n.ề ệ

If you tried, you could do that work

*) N u hành đ ng di n t m t kh năng, m t ki n th c, COULD đế ộ ễ ả ộ ả ộ ế ứ ược dùng

thường h n WAS/WERE ABLE TO.ơ

He hurt his foot, and he couldn’t play in the match

The door was locked, and I couldn’t open it

*) N u câu nói hàm ý m t s thành công trong vi c th c hi n hành đ ngế ộ ự ệ ự ệ ộ(succeeded in doing) thì WAS/WERE ABLE TO đượ ử ục s d ng ch không ph i COULD.ứ ả

I finished my work early and so was able to go to the pub with my friends

MAY - MIGHT

1 MAY và d ng quá kh MIGHT di n t s xin phép, cho phép (permission).ạ ứ ễ ả ự

May I take this book? - Yes, you may

She asked if she might go to the party

2 MAY/MIGHT dùng di n t m t kh năng có th x y ra hay không th x y ra.ễ ả ộ ả ể ả ể ả

It may rain

He admitted that the news might be true

3 Dùng trong câu c m thán MAY/MIGHT di n t m t l i c u chúc.ả ễ ả ộ ờ ầ

May all your dreams come true!

Trong cách dùng này có th xem MAY nh m t lo i Bàng Thái cách (Subjunctive).ể ư ộ ạ

4 MAY/MIGHT dùng trong m nh đ theo sau các đ ng t hope (hy v ng) và trustệ ề ộ ừ ọ(tin tưởng)

I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your satisfaction

He trust (hoped) that we might find the plan to our satisfaction

MUST

MUST là m t đ ng t khuy t thi u và ch có hình th c hi n t i.ộ ộ ừ ế ế ỉ ứ ệ ạ

1 MUST có nghĩa là "ph i" di n t m t m nh l nh hay m t s b t bu c.ả ễ ả ộ ệ ệ ộ ự ắ ộ

You must drive on the left in London

2 MUST bao hàm m t k t lu n độ ế ậ ương nhiên, m t cách gi i thích duy nh t h p lýộ ả ấ ợtheo ý nghĩ c a ngủ ười nói

Are you going home at midnight? You must be mad!

You have worked hard all day; you must be tired

3 MUST NOT (MUSTN'T) di n t m t l nh c m.ễ ả ộ ệ ấ

You mustn’t walk on the grass

4 Khi mu n di n t th ph đ nh c a MUST v i ý nghĩa "không c n thi t" ngố ễ ả ể ủ ị ủ ớ ầ ế ười

ta s d ng NEED NOT (NEEDN’T).ử ụ

Must I do it now? - No, you needn’t Tomorrow will be soon enough

5 CANNOT (CAN’T) được dùng làm ph đ nh c a MUST khi MUST di n t ý nghĩaủ ị ủ ễ ả

k t lu n đế ậ ương nhiên, m t cách gi i thích duy nh t h p lý theo ý nghĩ c a ngộ ả ấ ợ ủ ười nói

nh đã đ c p trong đi m 2 trên đây.ư ề ậ ể

If he said that, he must be mistaken

If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth

6 MUST và HAVE TO

MUST và HAVE TO đ u có th dùng đ di n t s cề ể ể ễ ả ự ưỡng bách, b t bu c (compulsion).ắ ộTuy nhiên MUST mang ý nghĩa s cự ưỡng bách đ n t ngế ừ ười nói trong khi HAVE TOmang ý nghĩa s cự ưỡng bách đ n t hoàn c nh bên ngoài (external circumstances)ế ừ ả You must do what I tell you

Passengers must cross the line by the bridge (L nh c a C c Đệ ủ ụ ường S t)ắ

Passengers have to cross the line by the bridge (Vì không còn đường nào khác)

NEED

Có hai đ ng t NEED: m t đ ng t thộ ừ ộ ộ ừ ường và m t đ ng t khuy t thi u Khi là đ ngộ ộ ừ ế ế ộ

t khuy t thi u NEED ch có hình th c Hi n t i và có đ y đ đ c tính c a m t đ ng từ ế ế ỉ ứ ệ ạ ầ ủ ặ ủ ộ ộ ừkhuy t thi u Nó có nghĩa là "c n ph i", tế ế ầ ả ương t nh have to Vì th nó cũng đự ư ế ượcxem là m t lo i ph đ nh c a must.ộ ạ ủ ị ủ

Need he work so hard?

You needn’t go yet, need you?

V MODAL VERBS IN PAST

1 COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE + P.P

Hình th c này đứ ược dùng đ ch kh năng trong quá kh ể ỉ ả ứ

Ex: It may have rained last night, but I’m not sure.

John might have gone to the movies yesterday.

2 SHOULD + HAVE +P.P

Hình th c này đ ch m t b n ph n, trách nhi m đứ ể ỉ ộ ổ ậ ệ ược cho là x y ra quá kh ,ả ở ứ

nh ng vì m t lý do nào đó đã không x y ra.ư ộ ả

Ex: John should have gone to the post office this morning (He did not go to the

post office)

Maria shouldn’t have called John last night (she did call him)

3 MUST + HAVE + P.P: ch m t s suy lu n h p lý trong quá kh ỉ ộ ự ậ ợ ứ

Jane did very well on the exam She must have studied hard.

Mary looks very tired She must have stayed up late last night.

4 MODALS IN PASSIVE

In the present: MODAL +BE + P.P

In the past: MODAL + HAVE + BEEN + P.P

C PRACTICE ON TENSES OF VERB AND MODAL VERB

Exercise 1 Underline the best answer from each group in italics

1 Bookings need/ must be made at least seven days before departure.

2 In most developed countries, people mustn’t/ don’t need to boil water before they

drink it

3 You needn’t/ mustn’t go on the beach when the tide’s coming in It’s very dangerous.

4 We’ve been told that we don’t have to/ mustn’t be at work until 10:00 tomorrow.

5 When you have time, we must/ have to get together for a weekend.

6 We mustn’t/ needn’t allow our speed of production to drop.

7 As you worked late yesterday you needn’t/ mustn’t come tomorrow morning.

8.Employees will have to/ have got to accept the new conditions or be dismissed.

9 Of course the first thing I did was to call the police and I mustn’t/ didn’t have to wait

very long for them to get there

10 You mustn’t/ needn’t have a university degree to become a police officer.

Đáp án:

1 must: b t bu c ph i làm gìắ ộ ả

Vi c đ t vé ph i đệ ặ ả ược th c hi n ít nh t 7 ngày trự ệ ấ ước khi kh i hành.ở

2 don’t need to V: Không nh t thi t ph i làm gìấ ế ả

các qu c gia phát tri n m i ng i không nh t thi t ph i đun n c sôi đ u ng

3 needn’t V không được

B n không đạ ược đ n b bi n khi th y tri u lên Nó r t nguy hi mế ờ ể ủ ề ấ ể

4 don’t have to: không ph iả

Chúng ra đã được thông báo v vi c không ph i đ n n i làm vi c cho đ n t n 10 giề ệ ả ế ơ ệ ế ậ ờsáng mai

5 have to: ph iả

Khi có th i gian chúng ta ph i dành cho nhau cu i tu nờ ả ố ầ

6 needn’t V không được

Chúng ta không được đ t c đ s n xu t gi mể ố ộ ả ấ ả

7 mustn’t c m đấ ược

Vì b n đã đ n mu n ngày hôm qua nên c m đạ ế ố ấ ược đ n mu n sáng maiế ộ

8 will have to: sẽ ph iả

Công nhân sẽ ph i ch p nh n đi u ki n làm vi c m i ho c v sa th iả ấ ậ ề ệ ệ ớ ặ ị ả

9 mustn’t không ph iả

Dĩ nhiên th đ u tiên tôi ph i làm là g i c nh sát và tôi không ph i ch quá lâu đ hứ ầ ả ọ ả ả ờ ể ọ

đ n đâyế

10 needn’t không nh t thi t ph iấ ế ả

B n không nh t thi t ph i có 1 b ng đ i h c đ tr thành nhân viên an ninhạ ấ ế ả ằ ạ ọ ể ở

Exercise 2 Choose the best option for each sentence:

1) Young people obey their parents

a must b may c will d ought to

2) Laura, you and the kids just have dinner without waiting for me I work veryhard today a can b may c should d would

3) I be delighted to show you round the factory

a ought to b would c might d can

4) Leave early so that you miss the bus

a didn’t b won’t c shouldn’t d mustn’t

5) Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It have cost a fortune

a must b might c will d should

6) You to write them today

a should b must c had d ought

7) I hope I find it a will b shall c could d must

8) Unless he runs he catch the train

a will b mustn’t c wouldn’t d won’t

9) you be in Rome tonight

a will b may c might d maybe

10) We have time to help you tomorrow

a may b must c will d could

11) " you hand me that pair of scissors, please?"

a May b Will c Shall d Should

12) Jeanette did very badly on the exam She _ harder

a must have studied c could have studied

b should have studied d must studied

13) He was very lucky when he fell off the ladder He _ himself

a could have hurt c must have hurt

b should have hurt d will have hurt

14) Marcela didn't come to class yesterday She _ an accident

a should have had c must have

b might have d may have had

15) John still hasn't come out He everything for the trip now

a must have been preparing c must be preparing

b will be preparing d will have prepared

16) Thomas received a warning for speeding He _ so fast

a shouldn't have driven c should have

b would have driven d might have driven

17) The photos are black The X-ray at the airport _ them

a should have damaged c would have damaged

c would damage d must have damaged

18) Tom didn't do his homework, so the teacher became very angry He _ hishomework

a must have done b should have done

c might have d will have done

19) My car stopped on the high way It _ out of gas

a may run c must be

b may have run d should have run

20) Robert arrived without his book He _ it

a could have lost c would have lost

b should have lost d will have lost

ĐÁP ÁN

1 a must V: ph i làm gìả Người tr ph i nghe l i b m ẻ ả ờ ố ẹ

2 should: c n ầ

Laura, em và con không c n ch anh ăn t i, anh c n làm vi c chăm ch hôm nayầ ờ ố ầ ệ ỉ

3 should have P2: đáng lẽ nên làm gì

Tôi đáng lẽ nên nói vi c mình vui th nào khi đ a b n đi thăm quan nhà máyệ ế ư ạ

4 Đi u ki n lo i 1 v i won’t v chínhề ệ ạ ớ ế

5 must have P2: ch c h n là, ph ng đoán quá khắ ẳ ỏ ở ứ

Nh n đính hôn c a Jenny th t l ng l y Nó ch c h n là 1 kho n l nẫ ủ ậ ỗ ẫ ắ ẳ ả ớ

6 had to V: ph i làm gìả B n ph i vi t th cho h ngày hôm nayạ ả ế ư ọ

7 shall V: sẽ v i ngôi Iớ Tôi hi v ng tôi sẽ tìm th y nóọ ấ

8 đi u ki n lo i 1 v i won’t v chínhề ệ ạ ớ ế

9 will hành đ ng quy t đ nh ngay t i th i đi m nóiộ ế ị ạ ờ ể B n sẽ Rome t i nayạ ở ố

10 will đ ngh giúp đề ị ỡ Chúng ta sẽ có th i gian giúp b n ngày maiờ ạ

11 may: câu nh vờ ả B n có th đ a giúp mình c p kínhạ ể ư ặ

12 should have P2: đáng lẽ ra nên làm gì trong quá khứ

Jeanette đã làm r t t bài ki m tra Cô y đáng lẽ nên h c chăm ch h nấ ệ ể ấ ọ ỉ ơ

13 could have P2: có th đã làm gì trong quá khể ứ

Anh ta quá may m n khi ngã thang Anh ta có th t làm mình đauắ ể ự

14 may have P2: có kh năngả

Marcela không đ n l p ngày hôm qua, có kh năng có y g p tai n nế ớ ả ấ ặ ạ

15 must be Ving: ch c h n đang v i nowắ ẳ ớ

John v n không đ n Anh ta ch c h n v n đang chu n b cho chuy n điẫ ế ắ ẳ ẫ ẩ ị ế

16 shouldn’t have P2: đáng lẽ ra không nên

Thomas nh n đậ ược 1 vé ph t t c đ Anh ta đáng lẽ không nên đi quá nhanhạ ố ộ

17 must have P2: ch c h n đãắ ẳ T m nh b đên Sóng sân bay ch c h n làm h ng nóấ ả ị ở ắ ẳ ỏ

18 should have P2: đáng lẽ nên làm gì

Tôm không làm bài v nhà khi n cô giáo t c gi n Anh ta đáng lẽ nên làm bài v nhàề ế ứ ậ ề

19 may have P2: Có kh năngả Ô tô d ng trên đừ ường cao t c Có kh năng nó h t xăngố ả ế

20 could have P2: Có th đãể Robert đ n không mang sách, anh y có th đã m t nóế ấ ể ấ

Exercise 3 Use the correct form of verbs in brackets.

1 In all the world, there (be) only 14 mountains that (reach) above8,000 meters

2 He sometimes (come) to see his parents

3 When I (come) , she (leave) for Dalat ten minutes ago

4 My grandfather never (fly) in an airplane, and he has no intention of everdoing so

5 We just (decide) that we (undertake) the job

6 He told me that he (take) a trip to California the following week

7 I knew that this road (be) too narrow.

8 Right now I (attend) class Yesterday at this time I (attend) class

9 Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home When I (arrive) at the airport, Mary(wait) for me

10 Margaret was born in 1950 By last year, she (live) on this earth for 55years

1. are - reach

2. comes

3. came - had left

4. has never flown

5. have just decided -would undertake

6. would take

7. was

8. am attending - was attending

9. arrive -will be waiting

10. had lived

4 Consolidation: Revise form and usage of tenses

5 Homework: Give the correct form of verbs from question 11 to 35

Exercise 1 Use the correct form of verbs in brackets.

11 The traffic was very heavy By the time I (get) to Mary’s party, everyonealready (arrive)

12 I will graduate in June I (see) you in July By the time I (see) you , I (graduate)

13 I (visit) my uncle’s home regularly when I (be) a child

14 That book (be) _ on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet ?

15 David (wash) his hands He just (repair) the TV set

16 You (be) here before? Yes, I (spend) _ my holidays here last year

17 We never (meet) _ him We don’t know what he (look) like

18 The car (be) ready for him by the time he (come) tomorrow

19 On arriving at home I (find) _that she just (leave) a few minutes before

20 When we (arrive) in London tonight, it probably (rain)

21 It (rain) hard We can’t do anything until it (stop)

22 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail)

23 That evening we (stay) up to talk about the town where he (live) for some years

24 I (sit) down for a rest while the shoes (repair)

25 Half way to the office Paul (turn) round and (go) back homebecause he (forget) to turn the gas off

26 London (change) a lot since we first (come) to live here

27 While we (talk) on the phone the children (start) fighting and (break) a window

28 He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) in his life

29 You know she (stand) looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes

30 I (spend) _ a lot of time travelling since I (get) this new job

31 When we (be) at school we all (study) Latin

32 When I (meet) him , he (work) as a waiter for a year.

33 After he (finish) breakfast he (sit) down to write some letters

34 She (have) a hard life, but she’s always smiling

35 I think Jim (be) out of town

ĐÁP ÁN BÀI VỀ NHÀ:

11 got- had already arrived 12 will see - see - will have graduated

15 is washing - has just repaired 16 Have you been – spent

17 have never met – looks 18 will have been- comes

19 found – had just left 20 arrive – will probably be raining

21 is raining – stops 22 were watching – failed

23 stayed – had lived 24 sat – were being repaired

25 turned – went – had forgotten 26 has changed – came

27 were talking – started – broke 28 had done

29 has been standing 30 have spent – got

35 will be

Exercise 2 Change the following active sentences to the passive

1 People should save pandas from extinction

2 People must obey all traffic laws

3 Someone ought to repair this broken window

4 Someone should have supplied the hotel guests with clean towels

5 Soneone had better take this gabbage to the dump soon

6 People can pick tomatoes before they are completely ripe

7 Someone is supposed to divide the profits among the shareholders

8 Someone must have hurt Peter’s feelings

9 Someone has to finish this work today

10 Someone ought to have reported the accident to the police

Đáp án:

1 Pandas should be saved from extinction

2 All traffic laws must be obeyed

3 This broken window ought to be repaired

4 The hotel guests should have been supplied with clean towels

5 This gabbaged had better be taken to the dump soon

6 Tomatoes can be picked before they are completely ripe

7 The profits is supposed to be divided among the shareholders

8 Peter’s feelongs must have been hurt

9 This work has to be finished today

10 The accident ought to have been reported to the police

Kí duy t c a BCM ệ ủ

Tr n Nga ầ Date of preparation:

Period 4-6 GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH

I AIMS

1 Knowledge

- To provide learners some revision and practice on how to make reported speech, reported speech with to infinitive and gerund

2 Skills:- To promote Ss to develop the skill of working in pairs and groups

3 Attitudes: To encourage Ss to work harder, to provide Ss some motivation

4 Ability and virtue:

- Ability: self-solving; communication, cooperation, using language, self-managing, creation

- Virtue: hard-working, responsibility

II METHOD: mainly communicative

III PREPARATIONS:

1 Teacher: lesson plan, exercises

2 Students: notebook, pen

IV STEPS OF TEACHING

- Teacher presents the use of reported speech and give example

Indirect speech / Reported speech (L i nói gián ti p) ờ ế

- Thu t l i l i c a ngậ ạ ờ ủ ười nói b ng l i văn c a mình và th c hi n nh ng s thay đ i c nằ ờ ủ ự ệ ữ ự ổ ầthi t.ế

Ex : He says : “ I am very hungry” (tr c ti p)→ He says (that ) he is very hungry ự ế

* Khi chuy n t câu tr n thu t tr c ti p sang gián ti p ta áp d ng nh ng s thay đ i ể ừ ầ ậ ự ế ế ụ ữ ự ổsau

1 Đ i V t ổ ườ ng thu t ậ

Ex : He said to me : “ She is in the room” → He told me (that) she was in the room

2 Thay đ i S (đ i t nhân x ng làm ch ng ) , O (tân ng ) , Possessive Adjectives ổ ạ ừ ư ủ ữ ữ (tính t s h u) cho phù h p ừ ở ữ ợ

3 Đ i đ i t ch đ nh , tr ng t th i gian và n i ch n ổ ạ ừ ỉ ị ạ ừ ờ ơ ố (n u V tế ường thu t quá ậ ở

kh )ứ

* Đ i đ i t ch đ nh : this → that these → thoseổ ạ ừ ỉ ị

* Đ i tr ng t ch th i gian , n i ch n.ổ ạ ừ ỉ ờ ơ ố

- Adv ch n i ch n Here → Thereỉ ơ ố

The morning before / the previous morning

Two days beforeThe night before / the previous nightThe week before / the previous week Before

The next / following day / the day afterThe next / following night / the night afterTwo days after / in two days’ time

-The next / following week , the week after

4 Đ i thì c a V (n u V tổ ủ ế ường thu t quá kh )ậ ở ứ

- Ta áp d ng quy t c “lùi 1 thì” khi chuy n t tr c ti p sang gián ti p (chuy n thành thìụ ắ ể ừ ự ế ế ểquá kh tứ ương ng) ứ

M t s c u trúc v i đ ng t t ộ ố ấ ớ ộ ừ ườ ng thu t theo sau là To-V và Ving ậ

1.Apologize / apologise for V-ing (xin l i v vi c gì) : ỗ ề ệ

Ex : + “Sorry , I’m late.” She said - She apologized for being late

+ “ Sorry, I made you disappointed”, the man said

- The man apologized for making me disappointed

2.Accuse + O + of V-ing (bu c t i ai v đi u gì) ộ ộ ề ề

Ex : “ You have stolen my bike yesterday” the boy said to his friend

- The boy accused his friend of having stolen his bike the day before

3.Admit (admitted) + V-ing : ch p nh n / thú nh n đi u gì ấ ậ ậ ề

Ex : “ I told lie” , he said.->He admitted telling lie

4 Congratulate + O + on V-ing (Chúc m ng ai v vi c gì) ừ ề ệ

Ex : “Congratulation ! You won the quiz show.” , my teacher said to me

- My teacher congratulated me on winning the quiz show

5.Deny + V-ing ( t ch i, ph nh n đi u gì) ừ ố ủ ậ ề

Ex : “ I didn’t do that” , he said - He denied doing that

6.Dream (dreamt / dreamed) of V-ing(m v vi c gì / đi u gì) ơ ề ệ ề

Ex : “ I want to have more money” the ma said

- The man dreamed of having more money.

7.Insist on + V-ing : (khăng khăng, c nài, năn n làm vi c gì) ố ỉ ệ

Ex : “ I really need to meet you” , he said to her - He insisted on meeting her

8.Look forward to V-ing (r t mong đ i / nòng lòng làm vi c gì) ấ ợ ệ

Ex : “ I feel like to go out with you tonight.” The boy said to his friend

- The boy look forward to going out with his friend”

9.Prevent + O + from V-ing = Stop + O + from V-ing (ngăn c n ko cho ai làm gì) ả

Ex : “I won’t allow you to play games ” , mother said to the boy

- Mother prevented / stopped the boy from playing games

10.Suggest + V-ing : Đ ngh làm gì ề ị / Suggest that S + should + V (ng th ) +: ể Đ ềngh r ng ai đó nên làm gì.ị ằ

Ex : “ Shall we go out for dinner ?” he said to us.-> He suggested going out for dinner

- He suggested that we should go out for dinner

11.Thank + O + for V-ing (c m n ai v vi c gì) ả ơ ề ệ

Ex : “ It’s very kind of you to show me the way” , the stranger said to the little girl

- The stranger thanked the little girl for showing him the way

12.Think (thought) of V-ing ( nghĩ đ n vi c gì) ế ệ

Ex : “ He’s inneed I think I’ll help him.” I said -> I thought of helping him

13.Warn + O + against / about V-ing : khuy n cáo / c nh báo ai v vi c gì ế ả ề ệ

Ex : “ Don’t be late for school once again”, his former teacher said to him

- His former teacher warned him against being late for school

Câu ML di n t l i khuyên , l i đ ngh , l i m i…… ễ ả ờ ờ ề ị ờ ờ

C u trúc câu ML gián ti p di n t l i khuyên, l i đ ngh , l i m i……ấ ế ễ ả ờ ờ ề ị ờ ờ

a.Structure 1

S + Reported V + to V

C u trúc này áp d ng v i các V tấ ụ ớ ường thu t là :ậ

Agreed , Refused, Offered, Promised , Threatened (Đ ng ý, t ch i, đ ngh , h a, đe ồ ừ ố ề ị ứ

d aọ )

Ex1 : “ OK, I’ll help you” he said to me → He agreed to help me

Ex2 : “ I will call you tomorrow” → She promised to call me the day after

b.Structure 2

S + Reported V + O + (not) to V

C u trúc này áp d ng v i các V tấ ụ ớ ường thu t là :ậ

Advised , Invited, Reminded, Allowed, Permitted, Persuaded, Begged, Warned, Wanted, Encouraged (Khuyên, m i, nh c nh , cho phép, cho phép, thuy t ph c, c u xin, c nh ờ ắ ở ế ụ ầ ảbáo, mu n, khuy n khích)ố ế

Ex1 : “ You should do that work” she said to me → She advised me to do that work Ex2 : “ Would you like to have some tea ?” → She invited me to have some tea

Vi t l i các câu sau s d ng cách nói gián ti p ế ạ ử ụ ế

1 “Open the door,” he said to them -> He told them

2 “Where are you going?” he asked her -He asked her where

3 “Which way did they go?” he asked -He asked

4 “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her -I told

5 “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us -She told

6 “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her -I asked her

7 “He’s not at home”, she said -She said that

8 “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked -The girl wanted to know

9 “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said -Tom told Ann

10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her -He asked

11 “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked -Thomas asked Jean

12 Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said -I told Mary

13 “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said She said that

14 “I’ll pay him if I can” she said -She said that

15 “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked - She asked us

KEY: 1 He told them to open the door 2 He asked her where she was going 3 He asked me which way they had gone 4 I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit 5 She told us not to try to open it then 6 I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day 7 She said that he was not at home 8 The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away 9 Tom told Ann not to stay out late 10 He asked her to let him borrow her car 11 Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves 12 I told Mary not to leave the window open 13 She said that she would have a cup of tea with me 14 She said that she would pay him if she could 15 She asked us what we were going to do the following summer 4 Consolidation: reported speech 5 Homework: Rewrite the following sentences 16 “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack -He told Jack that

17 “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked -Tom asked Jean

18 “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said -He said that

19 “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us -He told us

20 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him -I asked him how long

21 “Are you going by train?” she asked me -She wanted to know

22 “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us -She asked us

23 “Will you come to my party?” she said to me -She invited me

24 “Don’t do it again,” she said to them She told them

25 “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.-She asked

26 “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said -She told

27 “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.-Mary asked

28 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.M - Peter asked if

29 “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager -The office manager wondered

30 “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John -John advised Elizabeth

KEY:

16 He told Jack that he would phone him the following day

17 Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her

18 He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday

19 He told us not to keep the door locked

20 I asked him how long he was going to stay

21 She wanted to know whether I was going by train

22 She asked us not to use too much hot water

23 She invited me to come to her party

24 She told them not to do it again

25 She asked whether/ if Mr Brown sent the potatoes to me

26 She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty

27 Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day

28 Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter

29 The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before

30 John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money

Kí duy t c a BCM ệ ủ

Tr n Nga ầ

Date of preparation:

Period 7-9 GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH I AIMS 1 Knowledge - To provide learners practice on how to make reported speech, reported speech with to infinitive and gerund 2 Skills:- To promote Ss to develop the skill of working in pairs and groups 3 Attitudes: To encourage Ss to work harder, to provide Ss some motivation 4 Ability and virtue: - Ability: self-solving; communication, cooperation, using language, self-managing, creation - Virtue: hard-working, responsibility II METHOD: mainly communicative III PREPARATIONS: 1 Teacher: lesson plan, exercises 2 Students: notebook, pen IV STEPS OF TEACHING 1 Organization Class Date of teaching attendances absentees Note 12A7 2 Previous lesson checking: check homework rewrite sentences (16->30) 3 New lesson: Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same. 1.”If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car” He advised

2.”Shall I carry your suicase, Lan?”said Nam Nam offered

3.”Yes, all right, I’ll share the food with you, Dave.” Ann agreed

4.”Sue, can you remember to buy some bread?” Paul reminded

5.”Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children The man ordered

6.”I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary Mary

7.”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?”Tom asked me Tom asked

8.”Have you finished your homework?”Mom asked Mom asked if

9.She said to me:”I can’t do it by myself” She told me that

10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?”Lan asked Lan wanted to know if

11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him His father warned him

13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students

The librarian told the students

14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me He

15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary The boss asked

16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me My friend told me

17.”This story happened long ago”he said He said

KEY:

1.He advised me not to buy that car.

2.Nam offered to carry Lan’s suitcase.

3.Ann agreed to share the food with Dave.

4.Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread.

5.The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room.

6.Mary said that she had to go home to make the dinner.

7.Tom asked me if/whether I was going to Ho Chi Minh City the next week/the following week.

8.Mom asked if I had finished my homework.

9.She told me that she couldn’t do it by herself.

10.Lan wanted to know if Nam’s brother lived in London.

11.His father warned him not to repeat that mistake again.

12.The photographer told me to give him a smile.

13 The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table.

14.He asked me if I had travelled abroad much.

15.The boss asked the secretaty who had written that note.

16.My friend told me she had just received a postcast from his sister.

17.He said that story had happened long before

Exercise 2 Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1 "Have you travelled abroad much?" he asked me

2 "Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary

3 "I've just received a postcard from my sister," my friend said to me

4 "The students also took part in arranging the conference," the chair¬man said

5 "Have you been here long?" the stranger asked me

6 "Did you really see this happen with your own eyes?" the policeman asked the boy

7 "I hope they will have taken a decision by the end of the meeting," she remarked

8 "Did you watch the detective film on TV yesterday?" he asked her

9 "This story happened long ago," he said, "and few people remember anything about it."

10 "I haven't read so interesting a book since I don't remember when," she said.

KEY:

1.He asked me if I had travelled abroad much.

2.The boss asked the secretary who had written that note.

3.My friend told me she had just received a postcard from his sister.

4.The chairman said that the students had also taken part in arranging the conference 5.The stranger asked me if I had been there long.

6.The policeman asked the boy if he had really seen that happen with his own eyes.

7.She remarked that she hoped they would have taken a decision by the end of the

meeting.

8.He asked her if she had watched the detective film on Tvthe day before/the previous day 9.He said that story had happened long before and that few people remembered anything about it.

10.She said that she hadn’t read so interesting a book since she didn’t remember when.

Exercise 3 Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1 Tom said to the girl: "When did you have this picture taken?"

2 "Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee after class?" Tom said

3 John said to Mary, "Why don't you wear your hair a little longer."

4 "Would you like another cup of tea?" the landlady said to the guest

5 My sister said to me, "What about going to see Aunt Mary on Sunday?"

6 She asked me, "Have you ever seen a flying saucer?"

7 James said: "Do you want me to type this letter for you?"

8 Alfred said to John, "I didn't use your cassette player! Someone else did, not me."

9 Father said, "I was the superintendent while this school was being built."

10 The woman said, "If I had a gas stove, it would save me a lot of time."

KEY:

1.Tom asked the girl when she had had the picture taken.

2.Tom suggested going somewhere for a cup of coffee after class.

3.John suggested that Mary should wear her hair a little longer.

4.The landlady invited the guest to have another cup of tea.

5.My sister suggested us going to see Aunt Marry on the Sunday.

6.She asked me if I had ever seen a flying saucer.

7.James offered to type the letter for me.

8.Alfred denied using/having used John’s cassette player and said that someone else did 9.Father said he had been the superintendent while that school was being built.

10.The woman said that if she had a gas stove it would save her a lot of time.

Exercise 4 Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1 Jane said to Bill, “When do you expect to finish your assignment?"

2 The man said to the boy: "Can you show me the way to the bank?"

3 Fred asked the postman: "Are there any letters for me today?"

4 Henry said to the librarian, "How many books can I borrow at a time?"

5 John asked his friend, "How did you manage to know my phone number?"

6 “These old buildings might have already disappeared by the time I am back next year?" he said

7 The boys said to the old woman: "What can we do to help you?"

8 The guests said to the doorman: "Where should we leave our coats?"

9 Tom asked his brother: "Why did you advise them to go sight-seeing on foot?"

10 I asked the children: "Who took away the magazines from my desk?"

KEY:

1.Jane asked Bill when he expected to finish his assignment.

2.The man asked the boy if he could show him the way to the bank.

3.Fred asked the postman if there were any letters for him that day.

4.Henry asked the librarian how many books he could borrrow at a time.

5.John asked his friend how he had managed to know his phone number.

6.He said those old buildings might have already disappeared by the time he was back the following year.

7.The boys asked the old woman what they could do to help her.

8.The guests asked the doorman where they should leave their coats.

9.Tom asked his brother why he had advised them to go sight-seeing on foot.

10.I asked the children who had taken away the magazines from my desk

Exercise 5 Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1 Rose said, "I was just leaving the office when I came face to face with a stranger."

2 Ann asked her brother, "Do you expect to be admitted to the univer¬sity?"

3 Richard asked Jane, "What are you planning to do tomorrow?"

4 She asked her boy friend "Is it true that your father fought in the last war?"

5 Jane said to me, "Where have you been all this time?"

6 Mary said to her husband, "Did you see my handbag anywhere?"

7 The inspector said to the woman, "What were you doing at 7 o'clock yesterday

evening?"

8 The passenger said to the taxi-driver: "Hurry up!" and he added "I must be at the station on time."

9 Tom said to himself: "Why I haven't thought of this before?"

10 Father said: "The taxi is coming now Is everyone ready?"

KEY:

1.Jose said she was just leaving the office when she came face to face with a stranger 2.Ann asked her brother if he expected to be admitted to the university.

3.Rechard asked Jane what she was planning to do the next day.

4 She asked her boy friend if it was true that his father had fought in the last war.

5.Jane asked me where I had been all that time.

6.Mary asked her husband if he had seen her handbag anywhere.

7.The inspector asked the woman what she had been doing at 7 o’clock the previous

evening.

8.The passenger told the taxi-driver to hurry up and added that he had to be at the station

on time.

9.Tom wondered why he hadn’t thought of that before.

10.Father said that the taxi was coming then and asked if everyone was ready.

4 Consolidation: reported speech

5 Homework: Rewrite the following sentences using reported speech

1 "Be careful Don't go too near the edge of the cliff," she said to the boys

2 "Please, please come to help me with the assignment," my friend said to me

3 "I wouldn't buy that sort of raincoat if I were you," my friend said to me

4 "Would you mind moving your bicycle?" said the janitor "It's in the way."

5 "Could I take out another book, please," I said to the librarian

6 "Remember to leave the window open when you're using the gas stove," my mother said to me

7 "Wear your school badge or they won't let you into the classroom." my teacher said

8 "Would you like to come over to my house for a slide show?" my

friend said to me

9 "Show me your driver's licence, will you?" the policeman said to the drunken driver

10 "Do come again next weekend," the host said to the visitor

KEY:

1.She warned the boys to be careful and not to go too near the edge of the cliff.

2.My friend begged me to come to help him with the assignment.

3.My friend said he wouldn’t buy that sort of raincoat if he was me/

-My friend advised me not to buy that sort of raincoat.

4.The janitor asked me to move my bicycle because it was in the way/The janitor asked me

if I would mind moving my bicycle because it was in the way.

5.I asked the librarian if I could take out another book OR I asked the librarian for another book.

6.My mother reminded me to leave the window open when I was using the gas stove.

7.My teacher advised me to wear my school badge or they wouldn’t let me into the

classroom.

8.My friend invited me to come over to his house for a slide show.

9.The policeman ordered the drunken driver to show him his driver’s license.

10.The host invited the visitor to come again the following weekend.

Kí duy t c a BCM ệ ủ

Tr n Nga ầ

Date of preparation: 15/09/2017

Period 10-12 Reading skills

I Aims :

1 Knowledge

Students will be able to read a passage for general or specific information to answer questions

on main idea and the organization ideas

2 Skills:- To promote Ss to develop the skill of working in pairs and groups

3 Attitudes: To encourage Ss to work harder, to provide Ss some motivation

4 Ability and virtue:

- Ability: self-solving; communication, cooperation, using language, self-managing, creation

- Virtue: hard-working, responsibility

II.Methods of teaching: mainly communicative, intergrated

H u h t câu h i v ý chính c a đo n đ ầ ế ỏ ề ủ ạ ượ c nh n ra b i các t topic, subject, title, ậ ờ ừ primary idea ho c main idea thông tin đ tr l i câu h i này th ặ ể ả ờ ỏ ườ ng n m ngay ằ ở

đ u c a đo n văn ầ ủ ạ

Example 1:

The passage:

In the philosophy of John Dewey, a sharp distinction is made between

“intelligence” and “reasoning” According to Dewey, intelligence is the only absolute way

to achieve a balance between realism and idealism between practicality and wisdom oflife Intelligence involves “interacting with other things and knowing them”, whilereasoning is merely the act of an observer, “…a mind that beholds or grasps objectsoutside the world of things…” With reasoning, a level of metal certainty can be achieved,but it is through intelligence that control is taken of events that shape one’s life

The question:

What is the topic of this passage?

A The intelligence of John Dewey B Distinctions made by John Dewey

C Dewey’s ideas on the ability to reason D How intelligence differs from reasoning in Dewey’s works

Câu đ u tiên trong đo n văn th o lu n v s khác bi t gi a ý ki n v “intelligence” vàầ ạ ả ậ ề ự ệ ữ ế ề

“reasoning” theo tri t lí c a John Dewey do đó đây có th là ch đ Nhìn lế ủ ể ủ ề ướt qua cáccâu ti p thep c a đo n ta thây s nh n đ nh l i ch đ đúng là s khác bi t c a 2 quanế ủ ạ ự ậ ị ạ ủ ề ự ệ ủ

đi m này Bây gi ki m tra các đáp án: đáp án A ch đ c p intelligence nh v y khôngể ờ ể ỉ ề ậ ư ậđúng, đáp án B đ c p s khác bi t c a John Dewey nh ng không ch rõ s khác bi tề ậ ự ệ ủ ư ỉ ự ệnào, Đáp án C ch đ c p đ n reasoning nh v y ch a đ Do đó câu tr l i đúng là đápỉ ề ậ ế ư ậ ư ủ ả ờ

án D, được đ c p ngay dòng đ u “a sharp distinction is made between “intelligence”ể ậ ầand “reasoning”.”

N u bài đ c có nhi u h n m t đo n văn chúng ta nên nghiên c u ph n đ u m i đo nế ọ ề ơ ộ ạ ứ ầ ầ ỗ ạ

đ tìm ra ý chínhể

Example 2: The passage:

Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen is continuously fed into biologicalcirculation In this process, certain algae and bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia.This newly created ammonia is then for the most part absorbed by plants

The opposite process of denitrification returns nitrogen to the air During theprocess of denitrification, bacteria cause some of the nitrates from the soil to convertinto gaseous nitrogen or nitrous oxide In this gasesous form the nitrogen returns to theatmosphere

The question:

Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A The process of nitrogen fixation B Two nitrogen processes

C The return of nitrogen to the air D The effect of nitrogen on plant life

Trong bài đ c trên có hai đo n văn do đó chúng ta c n đ c câu đ u c a m i đo n đọ ạ ầ ọ ầ ủ ỗ ạ ểtìm ra ý chính c a bài Câu đ u tiên nói v “the process of nitrogen fixation”, n u nhìnủ ầ ề ếvào riêng câu này chúng ta d ch n nh m đáp án A, sẽ là đáp án sai Câu đ u tiên ễ ọ ầ ầ

c a đo n 2 nói v “the process of denitrification” nh v y đápủ ạ ề ư ậ

án C sai vì nó ch có đo n 2 Đáp án D không đúng vì nh hỉ ở ạ ả ưởng c a nit t i th c v tủ ơ ớ ự ậkhông được đ c p trong bài Do đó đáp án đúng là B.ề ậ

NH NG L U Ý V D NG CÂU H I Ý CHÍNH C A BÀI Đ C Ữ Ư Ề Ạ Ỏ Ủ Ọ

CÂU H I V Ý CHÍNH C A BÀI Đ CỎ Ề Ủ Ọ

Các xác đ nh d ng câu h iị ạ ỏ What is the topic of the passage?

What is the subject of the passage?

What is the main idea of the passage?

What is the author’s main point in thepassage?

With what is the author primaryconcerned?

Which of the following would be the besttitle?

N i tìm câu tr l iơ ả ờ Câu tr l i d ng câu h i này đả ờ ạ ỏ ược tìm ở

câu đ u m i đo n vănầ ỗ ạCách tr l i d ng câu h i nàyả ờ ạ ỏ 1 Đ c câu đ u c a m i đo n vănọ ầ ủ ỗ ạ

Of the tropical storms that occur each year in the North Atlantic, only about five,

on the average, are powerful enough to be called hurricanes To be classified as anhurricane, a tropical storm must have winds reaching speeds of at least 117 kilometersper hour, but the winds are often much stronger than that; the winds of intensehurricanes can easily surpass 240 kilometers per hour

1 The passage mainly discusses

A how many hurricanes occur each year B the strength of hurricanes

C the weather in the North Atlantic D hurricanes in one part of the world

2 The best title for this passage would be

A the North Atlantic Ocean B Storms of the Northern Atlantic

C Hurricanes: the damage and destruction D What happens from May through November

KEY: đ c thông tin câu đ u ta th y ý chính c a đo n là bão phía B c Đ i Tây Dọ ầ ấ ủ ạ ở ắ ạ ương1D 2B

SKILL 2 RECOGNIZE THE ORGANIZATION OF IDEAS

Câu h i v cách t ch c các ý c a đo n văn là câu h i yêu c u xác đ nh các ý c a 1ỏ ề ổ ứ ủ ạ ỏ ầ ị ủ

đo n liên quan đ n các đo n khác nh th nào.ạ ế ạ ư ế

Example:

The passage:

If asked who invented the game of baseball, most Americans would probablyreply that it was Abner Doubleday At the beginning of this century, there was somedisagreement over how the game of baseball had actually originated, so sporting-goodsmanufacturer Spaulding inaugurated a commission to research the question In 1908 areport was published by the commission in which Abner Doubleday, a U.S.Army officerfrom Cooperstown, New York, was given credit for the invention of the game TheNational Baseball Hall of Fame was established in Cooperstown in honor of Doubleday

Today, most sports historians are in agreement that Doubleday really did not havemuch to do with the development of baseball Instead, baseball seems to be a closerelation to the English game of rounders and probably has English rather than Americanroots

The question:

The second paragraph

A provides examples to support the ideas in the first paragraph

B precedes the ideas in the first paragraph

C outlines the effect of the idea in the first paragraph

D refutes the idea in the first paragraph

Đ tr l i cho câu h i này c n nhìn ý chính c a hai đo n Đo n m t ý chính để ả ờ ỏ ầ ủ ạ ạ ộ ược tìm

th y câu đ u most Americans would probably reply that it was Abner Doubleday,ấ ở ầtrong khi ý chính c a câu hai most sports historians are in agreement that Doubledayủreally did not invent baseball Do đó đo n hai bác b (refute hay contradict) thông tinạ ỏ

đo n 1 Câu tr l i là đáp án Dạ ả ờ

NH NG L U Ý V D NG CÂU H I CÁCH T CH C Ý C A ĐO N VĂN Ữ Ư Ề Ạ Ỏ Ổ Ứ Ủ Ạ

CÂU H I V CÁCH T CH C Ý C A ĐO N VĂNỎ Ề Ổ Ứ Ủ Ạ

Các xác đ nh d ng câu h iị ạ ỏ How is the information in the passage

organized?

How is the information in the secondparagraph related to the information in thefirst paragraph?

N i tìm câu tr l iơ ả ờ Câu tr l i d ng câu h i này đả ờ ạ ỏ ược tìm ở

câu đ u m i đo n vănầ ỗ ạCách tr l i d ng câu h i nàyả ờ ạ ỏ 1 Đ c câu đ u c a m i đo n vănọ ầ ủ ỗ ạ

The interactionist view of conflict, on the other hand, holds that conflict can serve

an important function in an organization by reducing complacency among workers andcausing positive changes to occur Managers who hold an interationist view of conflictmay actually take steps to stimulate conflict within the organization

1 How is the information in the passage organized?

A the origin of ideas about conflict is presented B contrasting views of conflict are presented

C two theorists discuss the strengths and weaknesses of their views on conflict

D examples of conflict within organizations are presented

2 What type of information is included in the third paragraph?

A A comparison of the interactionist and traditional views of conflict

B a discussion of the weaknesses of the interactionist view of conflict

C an outline of the type of manager who prefers the interactionost view of conflict

D a description of one of the opposing views of conflict

KEY M i quan h ý c a đo n văn đố ệ ủ ạ ược th hi n c m t on the other hand – trái l iể ệ ở ụ ừ ạ

4 Consolidation: how to answer questions on organization of ideas correctly

how to answer main idea questions correctly

5 Homework:

Study the passage and choose the best answer to the question that follows.

One identifying characteristic of minerals is their relative hardness, which can bedetermined by scratching one mineral with another In this type of test, a hardermineral can scratch a softer one, but a softer mineral is unable to scratch the harderone The Mohs’ hardness scale is used to rank minerals according to hardness Tenminerals are listed in this scale, ranging from tale with a hardness of 1 to diamond with

a hardness of 10 On this scale, quartz (number 7) is harder than feldspar (number 6)and is therefore able to scratch it; however, feldspar is unable to make a mark on quartz

1 Which of the following best states the subject of this passage?

A the hardness of diamonds B identifying minerals by means of a scratch test

C feldspar on the Mohs’ scale D recognizing minerals in their natural state

2 The main idea of this passage is that.

A the hardness of a mineral can be determined by its ability to make a mark on other minerals

B diamonds, with a hardness of 10 on the Mohs’ scale, can scratch all other minerals

C a softer mineral cannot be scratched by a harder mineral

D tale is the first mineral listed on the Mohs’ scale

KEY: Đ c thông tin câu đ u ta th y đ c tính c a các khoáng s n là n m m c đọ ở ầ ấ ặ ủ ả ằ ở ứ ộ

c ng c a nó đứ ủ ược xác đ nh b i v t c t c a nó so v i lo i khác 1Bị ở ế ắ ủ ớ ạ 2A

Study the passage and choose the best answer to the question that follows.

The largest lake in the western United States is the Great Salt Lake, an islandsaltwater lake in northwestern Utah, just outside the state capital of Salt Lake City.Rivers and streams feed into the Great Salt Lake, but none drain out of it; this has amajor influence on both the salt content and the size of the lake

Although the Great Salt Lake is fed by freshwater streams, it is actually saltierthan the oceans of the world The salt comes from the more than two million tons ofminerals that flow into the lake each year from the rivers and creeks that feed it Sodiumand chloride-the components of salt comprise the large majority of the lake’s mineralcontent

The Great Salt lake can vary tremendously from its normal size 1700 squaremiles, depending on long-term weather conditions During periods of heavy rains, thesize of the lake can swell tremendously from the huge amounts of water flowing into thelake from its feeder rivers and streams; in 1980 the lake even reached a size of 2400square miles During periods of dry weather, the size of the lake decreases, sometimesdrastically, due to evaporation

1 How is the information in the passage organized?

A two unusual characteristics of the Great Salt Lake are discussed

B contrasting theories about the Great Salt Lake’s salt levels are presented

C The process by which the Great Salt Lake gets its salt is outlined

D the reasons for the variations in the Great Salt Lake’s size are given

2 The third paragraph contains information on

A how the size of the lake affects weather conditions

B the effects of contrasting weather conditions on the size of the lake

C the effects of changes in the size of the lake

D the causes of the varied weather conditions in the area of the lake

KEY 1A đáp án được th y ch both the salt content and the size of the lake.ấ ở ỗ

2B đáp án th y ngay câu đ u đo n 3 depending on long-term weather conditionsở ấ ầ ạ

EXTRA Exercise (12A7) Study each of the passages and choose the best answers

to the questions that follow

PASSAGE 1.

Common types of calendars can be based on the Sun or on the Moon The solarcalendar is based on the solar year Since the solar year is 365.2422 days long, solarcalendars consist of regular years of 365 days and have an extra day every fourth year,

or leap year, to make up for the additional fractional amount In solar calendar, thewaxing and waning of the moon can take place at various stages of each month

The lunar calendar is synchronized to the lunar month rather than the solar year.Since the lunar month is twenty-nine and a half days long, most lunar calendars havealternating months of twenty-nine and thirty days A twelve-month lunar year thus has

354 days, 11 days shorter than a solar year

1 What is the main idea of the passage?

A All calendars are the same B The solar calendar is based on the Sun

C Different calendars have dissimilar bases D The lunar month is twenty-nine and a half days long

2 How is the information in the passage organized?

A characteristics of the solar calendar are outlined

B two types of calendars are described

C strengths and weakness of the lunar calendar are described

D The length of each existing calendar is contrasted

PASSAGE 2

Vaccines are prepared from harmful viruses or bacteria and administered topatients to provide immunity to specific diseases The various types of vaccines areclassified according to the method by which they are derived

The most basic class of vaccines actually contains disease-causingmicroorganisms that have been killed with a solution containing formaldehyde In thistype of vaccine, the microorganisms are dead and therefore cannot cause disease;however, the antigens found in and on the microorganisms can stimulate the formation

of antibodies Examples of this type of vaccine are the ones that fight influenza, typhoidfever, and cholera

A second type of vaccine contains the toxins produced by the microorganismsrather than the microorganisms themselves This type of vaccine is prepared when themicroorganism itself does little damage but the toxin within the microorganism isextremely harmful For example, the bacteria that cause diphtheria can thrive in thethroat without much harm, but when toxins are released from the bacteria, muscles canbecome paralyzed and death can ensure

A final type of vaccine contains living microorganisms that have been renderedharmless With this type of vaccine, a large number of antigen molecules are producedand the immunity that results is generally longer lasting than the immunity from othertypes of vaccines The Sabin oral antipolio vaccine and the BCG vaccine againsttuberculosis are examples of this type of vaccine

3 Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?

A Vaccines provide immunity to specific diseases.

B Vaccines contain disease-causing microorganisms

C Vaccines are derived in different ways

D New approaches in administering vaccines are being developed.

4 How many types of vaccines are presented in the passage?

- To provide learners some revision and practice on passive voice

2 Skills:- To promote Ss to develop the skill of working in pairs and groups

3 Attitudes: To encourage Ss to work harder, to provide Ss some motivation

4 Ability and virtue:

- Ability: self-solving; communication, cooperation, using language, self-managing, creation

- Virtue: hard-working, responsibility

II METHODS: mainly communicative Discussion, work in pairs/groups

Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + PP.2 + by + O

Present Perfect S + has/have + PP.2 + O S + has/have + been + PP.2 + by + O

Simple Past S + V-ed + O S + was/were + PP.2 + by + O

Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + PP.2 + by + O

Past Perfect S + had + PP.2 + O S + had + been + PP.2 + by + O

Simple Future S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + PP.2 + by + O

Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + PP.2

+ O S + will + have + been + PP.2 + by + O

Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to +

V + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + PP.2 + by + OModel Verbs S + model verb + V + O

S + modal Verb + have +P2 S + model verb + be + PP.2 + by + OS + modal Verb + have been +P2

B Đ NG C A Đ NG T MAKE/ LET Ị Ộ Ủ Ộ Ừ

Công th c ch đ ng : S + make/ let + sb+ Vinf.ứ ủ ộ > B đ ng: S +be+ made + to + Vinf/let ị ộ+ Vinf

VD: My parent never let me do anything by myself

>> I'm never let to do anything by myself

B Đ NG C A C U TRÚC " NH AI LÀM GÌ" Ị Ộ Ủ Ấ Ờ

Ch đ ng: S + have(get) + sb + (to)Vinfủ ộ >B đ ng: S + have/ get + st +done.ị ộ

VD: I have my father repair my bike

>> I have my bike repaired by my father

B Đ NG C A Đ NG T ĐI SAU NÓ LÀ M T Đ NG T D NG VING Ị Ộ Ủ Ộ Ừ Ộ Ộ Ừ Ở Ạ

Các đ ng t đó nh : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit, ộ ừ ưinvolve, deny, avoid etc

>> Ch đ ng: S + V + sb Vingủ ộ

B đ ng: S + V + sb/st + being + P2ị ộ

VD: I like you wearing this dress >> I like this dress being worn by you

B Đ NG C A CÁC Đ NG T TRI GIÁC( Vp - verb of perception) Ị Ộ Ủ Ộ Ừ

1/ C u trúc 1: S + Vp + sb + Ving ấ

(Ai đó ch ng ki n ngứ ế ười khác làm gì và ch th y 1 ph n c a hành đ ng ho c 1 hành ỉ ấ ầ ủ ộ ặ

đ ng dand di n ra b 1 hành đ ng khác xen vào)ộ ễ ị ộ

VD: Opening the door, we saw her overhearing us

2/ C u trúc 2: S + Vp + sb + V ấ

(Ai đó ch ng ki n ngứ ế ười khác làm gì t đ u đ n cu i)ừ ầ ế ố

VD: I saw him close the door and drive his car away

NOTE: riêng các đ ng t : feel, find, catch thì ch s d ng công th c 1.ộ ừ ỉ ử ụ ứ

It (be) + P.P (Past participle c a V1) + That + Part 2 ủ

=> It is said that he is a good doctor

Ví d :ụ

Active: People said that he has a lot of money in the bank

=>Passive: It was said that he has a lot of money in the bank

Cách th hai: ứ

S2 + be + P.P (Past participle c a V1) + to V2 (inf) ho c + To have V2 (P.P.) ủ ặ

thì c a V2 câu ch đ ng là hi n t i đ n ho c t ủ ở ủ ộ ệ ạ ơ ặ ươ ng lai đ n, ho c ta ph i chuy n V2 ơ ặ ả ể thành To have + quá kh phân t c a V2 (past participle) ứ ừ ủ

Ví d :ụ

Active: People said that he has a lot of money in the bank

Passive: She was said to have a lot of money in the bank

Ví d :ụ

Active: People said that he had a lot of money in the bank.

Passive: She was said to have had a lot of money in the bank

Chú ý:

- Ngoài đ ng t Say or Said V1, m t s đ ng t khác cũng s d ng trong câu lo i này ộ ừ ở ộ ố ộ ừ ử ụ ạ

nh : Think (Thought); Expect (Expected), Report (Reported, Believe (Believed) ư

- n u V 2 có đ ng t khi m khuy t thì b luôn đ ng t khiêm khuy t đó và chuy n ế ở ế ộ ừ ế ế ỏ ộ ừ ế ể

đ ng t V2 thành nguyên m u có To ộ ừ ẫ

Ví d :ụ

Active: No one expected that those boys would become good

Passive: It wasn't expected that those boys would become good

Passive: Those boys weren't expected to become good

Cách th 3: ứ

Cách này ch áp d ng khi Đ ng t V2 (C a v th 2) mang theo tân ng (Object) ỉ ụ ộ ừ ủ ế ứ ữ

Ví d :ụ

They report that the police have found out the robber

Ta th y The Robber là Object (Tân ng ) c a V2 (have found), bây gi ta chuy n Object ấ ữ ủ ờ ể(The robber) lên làm ch ng c a câu b đ ng,ủ ữ ủ ị ộ

The robber is reported to have been found out

- The robber is reported to have có cách chuy n sang b đ ng gi ng nh cách th 2ể ị ộ ố ư ứ

- Been found out: Đây là cách th 3, ta ti p t c chuy n sang b đ ng cho đ ng t V2 ứ ế ụ ể ị ộ ộ ừ ở

v th 2.ế ứ

Ví d :ụ

Active: They expect that he will meet you at the airport

- Passive 1: It is expected that he will meet you at the airport

- Passive 2: He is expected to meet you at the airport

- Passive 3: You are expected to be met at the airport by him

ex: People consider that he left for England some days ago

→ It's considered that he left for England some days ago

→ He is considered to have left for England some days ago

They rumoured that she would get married soon

→ It was rumoured that she would get married soon

→ She was rumoured to get married soon

People said that there is oil inder the North Sea

→ It is said that there is oil under the North Sea

→ There is said to be oil under the North Sea

People say that there are thousands of bees in the forest

→ It is said that there are thousands of bees in the forest

→ There are said to be thousands of bees in the forest

* You are supposed to V = It's your duty to V

ex: You are supposed to make tea at 7.7

= It's your duty to make tea at 7.7

PRACTICE Excercise: Change the sentences into passive voice

1 My father waters this flower every morning

2 John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night

3 Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen

4 We should clean our teeth twice a day

5 Our teachers have explained the English grammar

6 Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city

7 Tom will visit his parents next month

8 The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning

9 Did Mary this beautiful dress?

10 I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room

KEY:

1 This flower is watered (by my father) every morning

2 Fiona was invented to John’s birthday party last month

3 The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen

4 Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day

5 The English grammar has been explained (by our teacher)

6 The accident was caused in this city (by some drunk drivers)

7 Tom’s parents will be visited (by him) next month

8 The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning

9 Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?

10 These old pictures won’t be hung in the living room(by me)

Excercise: Change the sentences into passive voice by two ways

1 People know that cars pollute the environment

6 It is expected that the prices will rise again this month

They _The prices _

7 It is proved that life doesn’t exist on the moon.

3 It is believed that she is an honest person./She is believed to be an honest person

4 It is thought that the president will arrive soon./The president is thought to be arrive soon

5 People report that many passenger died in the crash./Many passengers are reported

to have died in the crash

6 They expect that the prices will rise again this month./The prices are expected to rise again this month

7 Scientists prove that life doesn’t exist on the moon./Life is proved not to exist on the moon

8 It is said that he has passed the final exam with the best result./He is said to have passed the final exam with the best result

9 People say that they had been in the army

10 People believe that the man escaped in a stolen car/The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car

4 Consolidation: passive voice

5 Homework:

EXERCISE : Change the sentences into passive voice

1 They told me that you were the best architect in this city

2 She reported that the flowers were killed by frost

3 Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England

4 That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week

5 He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt

6 They promise that the performance will start on time

7 He recommends that we should stay at the city center

8 We believed that Alice would pass the driving test

9 The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month

10 They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium.

11 They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend

12 People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century

13 They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her

14 The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train

15 He told me that his football team had played well last season

KEY:

1 I was told that you were the architect in this city

2 It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost./ The flowers were reported to

be killed by frost

3 I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England

4 It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week

5 It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt

6 It is promised that the performance will start on time

7 It is recommended that we should stay at the city center

8 It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test./ Alice was believed to pass the driving test

9 All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month

10 I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium

11 It has been decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend

12 It is thought that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century./ Maradona

is thought to be the best football player in the 20th century

13 It is found that the job is not suitable for a girl like her./ The job is found to be not suitable for a girl like her

14 It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train

15 I was told that his football team had played well last season

Kí duy t BCM ệ

Tr n Nga ầ

2 Skills:- To promote Ss to develop the skill of working in pairs and groups

3 Attitudes: To encourage Ss to work harder, to provide Ss some motivation

4 Ability and virtue:

- Ability: self-solving; communication, cooperation, using language, self-managing, creation

- Virtue: hard-working, responsibility

II METHOD: mainly communicative

- Teacher presents the way to pronounce the words correctly

I Ph âm – Nguyên âm (Vowel and consonant) ụ

B ng ch cái c a ti ng Anh: ả ữ ủ ế

1 Ch in hoa, ch in thữ ữ ường và cách phát âm t ng ch cái:ừ ữ

Nh n xét chung: d a vào b ng ch cái trên, ta nh n th y r ng ti ng Anh có:ậ ự ả ữ ậ ấ ằ ế

* 5 nguyên âm: a , e , o , i , u

* 21 ph âm: b , c , d , f , g , h , j , k , l , m , n , p , q , r , s , t , v , w , x , y , z ụ

Ph âm: ụ

Các lo i ph âm ti ng Anh, các b ph n phát âm và cách phát âm:ạ ụ ế ộ ậ

Phát âm đuôi –ed

- ED được phát âm là /t/ sau các âm vô thanh như p, k Example: walked, booked

- ED được phát âm là /d/ sau các âm h u thanh nhữ ư w, n, ng

Example: showed, burned

- ED được phát âm là /id/ sau các âm như t, d Examples: bedded, wanted

Phát âm đuôi s nhi uố ề

- Đuôi s nhi u c a danh t , đ ng t chia ngôi th 3 s ít đố ề ủ ừ ộ ừ ở ứ ố ược phát âm là /s/ khi t ừ

đó k t thúc b ng các âm vô thanh nhế ằ ư p, t, k Examples: books, looks

- Đuôi s nhi u c a danh t , đ ng t chia ngôi th 3 s ít đố ề ủ ừ ộ ừ ở ứ ố ược phát âm là /z/ khi t ừ

đó k t thúc b ng các âm h u thanh nhế ằ ữ ư n, m, ng Examples: learns, tools

- Đuôi s nhi u c a danh t , đ ng t chia ngôi th 3 s ít đố ề ủ ừ ộ ừ ở ứ ố ược phát âm là /iz/ khi t ừ

đó k t thúc b ngế ằ s, x

Examples:boxes,bosses

II Tr ng âm (Stress): B NG TÓM T T QUY T C ĐÁNH D U TR NG ÂM ọ Ả Ắ Ắ Ấ Ọ

Quy t c 1: Đa s các đ ng t có 2 âm ti t thì tr ng âm chính đắ ố ộ ừ ế ọ ược nh n vào âm ti t thấ ế ứ2

Ngo i l : offer,happen,answer,enter,listen,open,publish,finish,follow,argue thì tr ng âm ạ ệ ọ chính r i vào âm ti t đ u tiên ơ ế ầ

Quy t c 2: Đa s các danh t và tình t có 2 âm ti t thì tr ng âm chính đắ ố ừ ừ ế ọ ược nh n vào ấ

âm ti t th nh t.ế ứ ấ

Ngo i l : machine, mistake, result, effect,alone thì tr ng âm chính nh n vào âm ti t th ạ ệ ọ ấ ế ứ 2

Quy t c 3: M t s t v a mang nghĩa danh t ho c đ ng t thì tr ng âm chính nh n ắ ộ ố ừ ừ ừ ặ ộ ừ ọ ấvào âm ti t th nh t.N u là đ ng t thì tr ng âm nh n vào âm ti t th 2.ế ứ ấ ế ộ ừ ọ ấ ế ứ

Ngo i l : visit, travel,promise thì tr ng âm nh n vào âm ti t th nh t, t reply tr ng âm ạ ệ ọ ấ ế ứ ấ ừ ọ

r i vào âm th 2 ơ ứ

Quy t c 4: Danh t ghép có tr ng âm nh n vào âm ti t đ u tiên.ắ ừ ọ ấ ế ầ

Quy t c 5: Tính t ghép có tr ng âm nh n vào âm ti t th nh t.ắ ừ ọ ấ ế ứ ấ

trust-worthy car-sick water-proof

Nh ng n u là tính t ghép mà t đ u tiên là tính t ho c tr ng t ho c k t thúc là đuôi ư ế ừ ừ ầ ừ ặ ạ ừ ặ ế

ED thì tr ng âm nh n vào âm th 2 ọ ấ ứ

bad-tempered short-sighted well-informed well-dressed

well-done short-handed ill-treated north-west

Quy t c 6: Đ ng t ghép có tr ng âm nh n vào âm th 2ắ ộ ừ ọ ấ ứ

Quy t c 7: Các tính t t n cùng là:ANT,ABLE,AL,ENT,FUL,LESS,Y thì tr ng âm nh n vào ắ ừ ậ ọ ấ

âm ti t đ u tiên.ế ầ

distant comfortable careful careless homeless

Quy t c 8: Các t t n cùng là đuôi; IC, ICS,IAN,TION,SION thì tr ng âm nh n vào âm thắ ừ ậ ọ ấ ứ

Quy t c 10: Các t có 2 âm ti t k t thúc là đuôi ATE thì tr ng âm nh n vào âm ti t đ u ắ ừ ế ế ọ ấ ế ầtiên

N u là t có t 3 âm tr lên thì tr ng âm nh n vào âm th 3 t cu i lên ế ừ ừ ở ọ ấ ứ ừ ố

congratulate orginate communicate concentrate regulate

Quy t c 11: Các t t n cùng là các đuôi :ADE,EE,ESE,EER,EETE,OO,OON,AIRE,IQUE thì ắ ừ ậ

tr ng âm nh n vào chính các âm này.ọ ấ

Ngo i l : commitee có tr ng âm nh n vào âm ti t th 2 ạ ệ ọ ấ ế ứ

PRACTICE Bài t p 1 Ch n t mà ph n g ch chân có cách phát âm khác v i nh ng t còn l i ậ ọ ừ ầ ạ ớ ữ ừ ạ

1 A decided B needed C wanted D succeeded

4 A churches B chairman C chemist D changes

6 A promise B devise C surprise D realise

Đáp án

Ch n t mà ph n g ch chân có cách phát âm khác v i nh ng t còn l iọ ừ ầ ạ ớ ữ ừ ạ

1 Key: A Gi i thích: Các tả ừ need, want và succeed đ u t n cùng b ngề ậ ằ t và d nên khi thêm –ed các âm cu i đố ược phát âm là [id] Riêng decide có âm cu i là nguyên âmố –

e (h u thanh) nên đuôi –ữ ed được phát âm là [t]

2 Key: D Gi i thích: H u h tả ầ ế C đ ng đ u t đứ ầ ừ ược phát âm là [k] tuy nhiên trong city nó

được phát âm là

3 Key: C Gi i thích:ả S thường được phát âm là tuy nhiên trong sugar S được phát âm

là [ ]ʃ

4 Key: C Gi i thích: H u h tả ầ ế CH đ ng đ u t đ u đứ ầ ừ ề ược phát âm là [t ]ʃ tuy nhiên trong

từ chemistthì CH l i đạ ược phát âm thành [k]

5 Key: D Gi i thích: H u h tả ầ ế GH được phát âm là [f] tuy nhiên trong though GH là âm câm

6 Key: A Gi i thích: H u h t đuôiả ầ ế –se được phát âm là [z] nh ng trongư promise nó

9 Key: A Gi i thích: Trong các tả ừ thick, think, thin TH được phát âm là [ ], θ

trong thus TH được phát âm là [ð]

10 Key: B Gi i thích: H u h tả ầ ế H được phát âm là [h] nh ng trong m t s t ư ộ ố ừ

như hour, honest,honor, heir H là âm câm

Bài t p 2 Ch n t có ph n nh n tr ng âm khác v i các t còn l i ậ ọ ừ ầ ấ ọ ớ ừ ạ

2 A deficiency B deficit C reference D deference

3 A employee B referee C committee D.refugee

4 A tenant B.common C rubbish D.machine

5 A company B atmosphere C.customer D employment

6 A animal B bacteria C habitat D.pyramid

7 A neighbour B.establish C community D encourage

8 A investment B television C provision D document

9 A.writer B.teacher C.builder D career

10 A decision B deceive C decisive D decimal

Đáp án

Ch n t có tr ng âm chính nh n vào âm ti t có v trí khác v i nh ng t còn l i:ọ ừ ọ ấ ế ị ớ ữ ừ ạ

1 Key: AHint: Theo nguyên t c trên thì h u h t đ ng t có 2 âm ti t thì tr ng âm r i ắ ầ ế ộ ừ ế ọ ơvào âm ti t th 2 Tuy nhiên trong tế ứ ừ study âm y được phát âm là do đó tr ng âm sẽ r i ọ ơvào âm ti t có nguyên âm m nh h n làế ạ ơ stu

2 Key: AHint: Các t t n cùng b ngừ ậ ằ –ce, -cy thì tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t th 3 t dọ ơ ế ứ ừ ưới lên Do đó từ deficiency (4 âm ti t) có tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t th hai t trên xu ng, ế ọ ơ ế ứ ừ ốcác t còn l i đ u có tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t đ u (ừ ạ ề ọ ơ ế ầ Deficit có tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t ọ ơ ế

đ u vì nguyên âmầ e là m t nguyên âm m nh trong khiộ ạ i là nguyên âm y u).ế

3 Key: CHint: Các từ employee, referee, refugee đ u là các t đề ừ ược thêm ph tụ ố -ee nên

tr ng âm c a chúng r i vào âm ti t ch a các ph t này t c âm ti t cu i Riêng ọ ủ ơ ế ứ ụ ố ứ ế ố

từ committee là t nguyên g c nên có tr ng âm nh n khác các t còn l i.ừ ố ọ ấ ừ ạ

4 Key: DHint: H u h t danh t và tính t có 2 âm ti t thì tr ng âm r i vào âm ti t th ầ ế ừ ừ ế ọ ơ ế ứ

nh t Tuy nhiên tấ ừ machine có k t thúc b ng m t nguyên âm (âm ti t m ) nên tr ng ế ằ ộ ế ở ọ

âm sẽ r i vào âm ti t cu i (Âm ti t m bao gi phát âm cũng dài h n, nhi u l c h n).ơ ế ố ế ở ờ ơ ề ự ơ

5 Key: DHint: Employ là m t đ ng t 2 âm ti t nên tr ng âm sẽ r i vào âm ti t th 2 ộ ộ ừ ế ọ ơ ế ứ

do đó từemployment có tr ng âm tọ ương t vì đuôiự –ment không làm nh hả ưởng đ n ế