ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH

TÀI LIỆU TRẮC NGHIỆM, BÀI GIẢNG PPT CÁC MÔN CHUYÊN NGÀNH Y DƯỢC HAY NHẤT CÓ TẠI “TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH Y DƯỢC HAY NHẤT” ;https:123doc.netusershomeuser_home.php?use_id=7046916. TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH. DÀNH CHO SINH VIÊN CÁC TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC VÀ CÁC TRƯỜNG KHÁC, GIÚP SINH VIÊN HỆ THỐNG, ÔN TẬP VÀ HỌC TỐT KHI HỌC TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH

ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANHPhần I: Các thì - Tenses

1 Hiện tại đơn (Simple present)

• Sử dụng: Hành động, trạng thái hiện xảy ra, sự thật hiển nhiên, một

tập quán, đặc tính, việc tương lai đã lên lịch

A: He speaks

N: He does not speak

Q: Does he speak?

• Những từ nhận biết: always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes,

seldom, rarely, every (…), once a week

• Xem xét chủ từ số nhiều hay số ít mà thêm “S/ES” hay giữ nguyên động từ

• Động từ tận cùng: SS, SH, TCH, X, O, Z thì ta thêm ES nếu chủ từ

là ngôi thứ 3 số ít

• Động từ tận cùng là một phụ âm + Y đổi thành IES

(xem them tai lieu bo sung)

2 Present Progressive: Hiện tại tiếp diễn

Sử dụng: Hành động diễn ra khi nói, Hành động xảy ra ở một thời gian

giới hạn, Hành động được lên kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai

A: He is speaking at the moment

N: He is not speaking at the moment

Q: Is he speaking at the moment?

Những từ nhận biết: at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now,

right now

3 Simple Past : Thì quá khứ đơn

Sử dụng: Hành động, trạng thái đã xảy ra và xong hẳn trong quá

khứ; một tập quán, khả năng trong quá khứ, kinh nghiệm trong quá khứ (regular and irregular verbs)

A: He spoke

N: He did not speak

Q: Did he speak?

• He wandered lonely in town last night

• He didn’t wander lonely in town last night

• Did he wander lonely in town last night?

• Những từ nhận biết: yesterday, ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday, when I was a child…

4 Past Progressive : Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Sử dụng: diễn tả một hành động thực hiện dở dang trong quá khứ tại một

thời điểm đề cập đến; một hành động đang diễn ra thi có hành động khác xảy đến

A: He was speaking

N: He was not speaking

Q: Was he speaking?

• This time last year I was living in Brazil

• Yesterday, while we were having dinner, Tom phoned me

• Yesterday, Tom phoned me while were having dinner

• Yesterday, we were having dinner when Tom phoned me

• Những từ nhận biết: at + thời gian (yesterday, last night)…when,

while, as long as

5 Present Perfect Simple :Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Sử dụng: một hành động vừa mới hoàn thành, một kết quả của hành động

trong quá khứ mà đến thời điểm hiện tại vẫn còn, một kinh nghiệm đến hiện tại mới ngưng, một việc đến hiện tại vẫn còn tiếp tục

• A: He has spoken for one hour

N: He has not spoken for one hour

Q: Has he spoken for one hour?

• Những từ nhận biết: just, recently, already, not… yet, never, ever,

since (điểm thời gian), for (khoảng thời gian) , before, lately,so far, till now, up to now

6 Present Perfect Progressive: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Sử dụng: Nhấn mạnh hoảng thời gian sự việc đang tồn tại (không phải kết

quả), hành động gần đây đã hoàn hành nhưng vẫn còn tiếp tục, hành động hoàn thành nhưng có ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại

• A: He has been speaking

N: He has not been speaking

Q: Has he been speaking?

• Những từ nhận biết: all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week

7 Past Perfect Simple : Quá khứ hoàn thành

Sử dụng: diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong

quá khứ, thường đi cặp với quá khứ đơn

8 Past Perfect Progressive: Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Sử dụng: Hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm nhất định nào đó trong

quá khứ, Đôi khi dùng chung vớ thì quá khứ hoàn thành, nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hoặc quá trình thực hiện hành động

• A: He had been speaking

N: He had not been speaking

Q: Had he been speaking?

9 Future Simple : Thì tương lai đơn

Sử dụng: Hành động xảy ra trong tương lại mà không bị ảnh hưởng,

quyết định ngay trong lúc nói, giả định tương lai

A: He will speak

N: He will not speak

Q: Will he speak?

Những từ nhận biết: in a year, next …, tomorrow

10 Near future: Tương lai gần

b: Quyết định được thực hiện cho tương lai, kết luận về tương lai

A: He is going to speak

N: He is not going to speak

Q: Is he going to speak?

Những từ nhận biết: in one year, next week, tomorrow

11 Future Progressive: Tương lai tiếp diễn

Sử dụng:Hành động sắp xảy ra ở một thời đểm trong tương lai, hành

động chắc chắn xảy ra trong tương lai gần

12 Future perfect: Tương lai hoàn thành

Sử dụng:Hành động sẽ hoàn thành ở một thời điểm nhất định trong tương lai

A: He will have spoken

N: He will not have spoken

Q: Will he have spoken

Những từ nhận biết: by Monday, in a week

Bài tập

• She doesn’t work, she (swim) now

• She (see) him at the supermarket yesterday

• We (eat) dinner before we came here

• She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night

• This message (just, arrive)

• While we (plant) trees, the principal (come) and (talk) to us

• Buses (pass) my house everyday

• We (live) here since 1990

• They (ride) home from school now

• She (fly) to New York tomorrow

• I (go) to Dalat last week and I (stay) there for five days

• The boys (play) football in the field when I arrived

Phần II: Pasive voice (Thể thụ động)

• Active: S + V + O+ M

• Passive: S+ Be+V3/ed + M+ by O

Ex: Khoa bought this book in Can Tho

This book was bought in Can Tho by Khoa

• Simple Present

• am, is, are + V3,ed + … + By O

• Ex: My daughter cleans the floor

•

-• Simple past

• Was, were + V3,ed+….+ by O

• Ex: Nam wrote this letter

•

-• Simple Future

• Will, shall + Be + V3,ed+…+by O

• Ex: She will teach our class

•

-• Present continuous

• am, is, are + being + V3, ed+…+ by O

• Ex: Mary is cooking dinner

•

-• Past Continuous:

• was + being +V3, ed+…+ by O

• I was studying English at 2.00 yesterday

•

-• Future Continuous:

• Will, Shall+be + being+ V3, ed+……+ by O

• Mary will be cleaning the door

•

-• Present Perfect:

• Has, have + been + V3, ed

• The boy has found the key

• shall + have + been + V3, ed + ….+ by O

• He will have sold this car

• Ex: Did your mother make this cake?

• Indirect Oject-I.O (Túc từ gián tiếp)

Ex 1:John gives me a book

-• TO: give, send, show (chỉ, đưa cho), lend, promise, hand, pay, read,

wish, offer, read, tell, throw

• FOR: get (mua), order (đặt mua), spare (dành cho), bring, make,

leave (bỏ lại), save (để dành), sell, buy

• DEFECTIVE VERBS (Động từ khiếm khuyết ở câu Passive)

• S + Def.V + Be +P.P

• May, might, ought to Can, could, must

Ex: He can speak English

•

-• NẾU TRONG CÂU ACTIVE CÓ VERBS OF PERCEPTION

( động từ tri giác ): SEE, WATCH, HEAR, MAKE…

• Thì động từ theo sau không TO chuyển thành động từ có TO ở câu

• Khi chuyển sang PASSIVE có thể bỏ BY ME, BY HER, BY US,

BY YOU, BY THEM, BY HIM, BY SOMEONE…

• Ex: People speak English all over the world

•

-• Ex: Someone stole my purse

•

-• VERB FOLLOWED BY A PREPOSITION

• Our sister looks after our children.

• Causative form: nhờ bảo, sai khiến

• Ex: I have the barber cut my hair

-> I have my hair cut by the barber

• Bị động kép : Động từ chính ở hiện tại

• People + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…+that + clause

* It’s+thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+that+clause

* S + am/is/are+thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+to+ V –inf

• Ex: People say he is a good doctor

– It’s said that he is a good doctor

– He is said to be a good doctor

• S + am/is/are +

thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+to + have PII

• Ex: People think he stole my motorbike

– It’s thought that he stole my motorbike

– He is thought to have stolen my motorbike

• Dạng đặc biệt (câu 8 p 99, test 4)

• Active: S+ have, has, had, be having+ someone+ V1

• Passive:S+ have, has,had, be having+ something+V3/Ved…

• Ex: I have the barber cut my hair

I have my hair cut

• Câu 5 trang 113 test 5 (p43)

• His parents made him study for his exams

• He was made to study for his exams by his parents

• Câu 9 trang 115 test 6 (wh-question)

• I’ve never heard of it Where was it made?

• Câu 10 trang 115 test 6 (Mệnh đề danh từ)

• I am not sure where it was made

• Câu 11 trang 115 test 6

• He was sacked after having an argument with his supervisor(meaning)

• Câu 16 trang 116 test 6

• Children can be instructed in swimming They can be taught how toswim (Động từ khiếm khuyết: model verbsmeaning)

• Câu 4 trang 121 test 6

• Câu 5 trang 121 test 6

• We are having our house painted by a local firm

Passive voice exercises

• Pine trees are found in many parts of the world

• A sound wasn’t heard

• Someone wants the table to be laid by you

• They read prayers after the ceremony

• People know that he is a famous scientist

Phần III: PHRASES AND CLAUSES

Cụm từ và mệnh đề

* Phrases and clauses of concession

Mặc dù, bất luận thế nào (đầu câu): Though/Although, Even though, Even

if, Much as (clause of concession)

Ex: Although the team played well, they lost

(Clause of concession) main clause

Nhưng, tuy nhiên (giữa câu)

• Despite, in spite of, for all, notwithstanding + possessive adjective + N/Ving

or +Phrase

Ex: Despite their playing well, they lost

For all his wealth and fame, he’s a very lonely man

• Subject + verb + object, BUT/YET/NEVERTHELESS + main

clauses

Ex: I am very hungry, but I dare to eat much

• V3/Ved/adjective/ Adverb + As/Though +Subject+Verb, main clauseEx: Old as he is, he still manages to enjoy life

• Whatever=no matter what: bất luận gì đi nữa

• Whoever = no matter who: bất luận ai đi nữa

• Whenever= no matter when: bất luận khi nào

• However = no matter how + adjective: dù thế nào đi nữa

• Try as + Adjective + as I might = No matter how I tried: dù tôi cố gắng mấy đi nữa

Exercises

• If you like, you can eat everything (whatever)- You can…

• No matter what you say, I won’t believe you-Whatever you say…

• However much ill children are, they still try to smile-No matter how…/In spite of

• Although it rains heavily, we go to school-Despite……

• In spite of his trying, he couldn’t pass the exam/Although…/Try as…

PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON

S + V + O because/Since/As/For + S + V+O

Main clause Subordinate clause

Ex: Since/As he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off

As it’s raining again, we’ll have to stay at home

I am leaving because I’m fed up

I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling hungry

• S + V + O Because of/due to+ V-ing/N phrase

Ex: They stayed at home because of the rain

Why questions and clause of reason

Ex: Why is he going to the post office?

Exercises

Rewrite these sentences using BECAUSE OF

• They didn’t come to your party because they had a meeting

•

• The train couldn’t continue to go because the fog was so thick

•

• We postponed our trip to Dalat because the weather was too bad

• She was absent yesterday because her father was ill

Phần III: PHRASES AND CLAUSE OF PURPOSE

S + V + O + so that/in order that + Clause

Ex: I study hard so that I can pass this exam

She drinks orange juice in order that she isn’t thirsty

S + V + O + to/in order (not) to/so as to + infinitive + O

Ex: The bank receives money to keep it safe

CLAUSES OF RESULT

• Too….to

• S+V+Too +Adj + (for me/him/her…) to V1

• Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink

• Enough to

• S + V +Adj + Enough + (for me…) to V1

• Ex: The man is not strong enough to run far

• So…that

• S + V + So adj/Adv that +Subject+ Can/can’t +V1 + object

• Ex: I am so weak that I can’t lift this metal box

• She is very short She can’t win Miss World’s diadem-

She is too…

• This car is very expensive I can’t buy

it-This car is too…

This car (cheap)

• That metal box is very heavy He can’t carry itThat metal box is too…

That metal box is so…

• The ceiling is very high She can’t touch it-The ceiling is too…

The ceiling (short)

• This shirt is very old She shouldn’t wear itThis shirt is too…

It is such

• They are so busy They can’t help you

• -They are too…

• These are such

• He is too tired He can’t walk with you

He is too …

He is (strong)

Phần IV: Hình thức động từ

Một số động từ theo sau bởi “To infinitive”

• Attempt: cố gắng (Attempt to)

• Aim: nhắm, hướng vào

• Appear: xuất hiện

• Beg: van xin

• Manage: xoay sở được, giải quyết

• Volunteer: xung phong, tình nguyện

• Advise: khuyên bảo

• Với những động từ chỉ suy nghĩ, hiểu biết là phải dùng ‘to-V’

Exercises

• Our teacher reminded us (to do) the assignment

• I was broke, so my boyfriend offered (to lend) me some money

• I was advised (to rent) a new apartment

• They refuse (to help) me when I asked them

• The flight attendant reminded us (to fasten) the belts

NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU LÀ V-ING

• Admit: thừa nhận, thú nhận

• Advise: khuyên

• Avoid: tránh né

• Anticipate: đoán trước

• Delay: hoãn lại

• Object to: phản đối

• Preposition: (in, on, of, about…)

Exercises

• I don’t mind (to be) alone

• Do you enjoy (to watch) football?

• John has money problem He’s thinking about (to get) a job

• I can’t help (to sneeze) because I caught a cold

• They hate (listen) to Rap music

Những động từ theo sau bởi Gerund và To-infinitive

• Regret, remember, forget + V-ing: đã làm

• Regret, remember, forget + to-V: để làm

• I regret spending so much money

• We regret to inform you that you have failed this exam

• Advise, allow, permit, recommend

• (khuyên, cho phép, cho phép, đề nghị

• Object + to infinitive

• Ving

• My parents don’t allow me to go out at night

• They don’t allow going into that room

• Stop + to inf: dừng lại để làm gì

• V-ing: bỏ luôn, nghỉ luôn

• He stops to smoke, but the wind is so strong

• He can’t do it

• My father stopped smoking 2 years ago

• Try +to inf: cố gắng để làm gì đó

• Try+ Ving: thử để kiểm tra, thử nghiệm

• I was very tired I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldn’t

• I had a terrible headache and I tried taking an aspirin but it didn’t help

Exercises

• I tried ( persuade) him to agree with my project

• Do you remember (buy) me a box of colored pencils?

• They don’t allow (smoke) in the meeting room

• I forget (lock) the door and left you inside

• My parents allowed me (go) with you

Phần V: Relative clauses

• For person:

• Who: thay cho danh từ và đại từ: I, we, you, they, he, she, it, N

• Ex: This is the man He met me last week

This is the man who met me last week

• Whom: thay cho object: me, us, you, him, her, them, it, N

• Ex: She is the excellent student We need to praise her

She is the excellent student whom we need to praise

• Whose: thay cho adjective possessive: my, our, your, his, her, its

• Ex: I saw some people Their motorbikes have been broken down

I saw some people whose motorbikes have broken down

• That: thay cho subject hoặc object for people, animals and things

in definite clause (defining relative clause is written without

commas)

• Ex: The woman is very beautiful She lives next door

• The woman that lives next door is very beautiful

• That có thể thay thế cho Who khi nó đi sau các chữ: all, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, and whose

• Ex: Everyone liked him They knew him

• Every one who/that knew him liked him

• For things:

• Which hoặc that: thay thế cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ

• Ex: This is the house My parents bought it in 1995

• This is the house which/that my parents bought in 1995

• The bed wasn’t very comfortable I slept in that bed last night.

• The bed which/that I slept in last night wasn’t comfortable

• For place:

• Where hoặc in which (thay cho chữ: here, there, in + Noun of place)

• Ex: This is the house We have been living in this house since 1980

• This is the house where/in which we have been living since 1980

• For cause:

• Why: thay thế cho cụm từ: for that reason

• Ex: That is the reason For that reason, he didn’t want to coordinatewith you

• Defining relative clause: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định không có dấu

phẩy

• Ex: The woman who lives next door is very beautiful

In-defining relative clause: mệnh đề không xác định có hai dấu phẩy, có thể bỏ

• Ex: The girl, who is standing next to the window, is my daughter.

• When: thay cho cụm thừ: at the time, the day, in + season, then…)

• Ex: This is the time We should act at this time

• This is the time when we should act

BÀI TẬP

Combine the pair of sentences by using the relative pronouns

• It is the first idea It comes to my mind

•