Unit 5 Inventions (English 10 new)

a) Những hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rõ thời gian. Không có từ chỉ thời gian quá khứ. Ex: I’ve known you for a long time. Tôi đã biết bạn lâu lắm rồi. Dùng trong [r]

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TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10- Từ mới, ngữ pháp, bài tập (Unit 1-unit 5)

UNIT 5 INVENTIONS Những phát minh

I Vocabulary:

1 bulky /ˈbʌlki/ (a): to lớn, kềnh càng

2 collapse /kəˈlæps/ (v): xếp lại, cụp lại

3 earbuds /ˈɪəbʌdz/(n): tai nghe

4 economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ (a): tiết kiệm, không lãng phí

5 fabric /ˈfæbrɪk/ (n): vải, chất liệu vải

6 generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ (a): rộng rãi, hào phóng

7 headphones /ˈhedfəʊnz/ (n): tai nghe qua đầu

8 imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ (v): bắt chước, mô phỏng theo

9 inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ (n): nguồn cảm hứng

10 invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ (n): sự phát minh, vật phát minh

11 laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ (n): máy tính xách tay

12 patent /ˈpætnt/ (n,v): bằng sáng chế; được cấp bằng sáng chế

13 portable (a): dễ dàng mang, xách theo

14 principle /ˈpɔːtəbl/ (n): nguyên tắc, yếu tố cơ bản

15 submarine /ˌsʌbməˈriːn/ (n): tàu ngầm

16 velcro /ˈvelkrəʊ/ (n): một loại khóa dán

II Grammar:

1 The present perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)

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Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được thành lập bằng cách dùng thì hiện tại đơn của động từ to have kết hợp với quá khứ phân từ (V3)

■ Cấu trúc của thì hiện tai hoàn thành:

I have/has + verb participle (V P2 ) 1) Cách thành lập

a) Affirmative form (Thể khẳng đinh)

- Subject + have/ has + past participle (V P2 )

Ex: I have seen this film two times Tôi đã xem phim đó hai lần

b) Negative form (Thể phủ định)

Subject + have not/ has not + past participle (V P2 )

Ex: I haven’t seen this before Trước đây tôi chưa thấy qua cái này

c) Interrogative form (Thể nghi vấn)

Have/ Has + subject + past participle?

Ex: Have you met me before? Trước đây bạn có gặp qua tôi chưa?

Cách viết rút gọn: have not —> haven’t; has not —> hasn’t; I have —> I’ve 2) Cách dùng

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả:

a) Những hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rõ thời gian

Không có từ chỉ thời gian quá khứ

Ex: I’ve known you for a long time Tôi đã biết bạn lâu lắm rồi

Dùng trong câu có các từ sau: just, recently, lately, already, not yet, yet, ever, never

Ex: He has just left home Anil ta vừa mới ra khỏi nhà

Hành động được lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ: many times, several times, twice,

- Ex: She has failed her driving test three times

Cô ấy đã trượt thi lái xe ba lần

b) Những hành động tồn tại trong quá khứ và tiếp tục kéo dài đến hiện tại

Các từ nhận biết: so far, up to now, up till now, up to the present, still, for - period of time, since + a point of time, the last, it’s the first time, how long ?

Ex: I have lived in Ho Chi Minh City since 1993

Tôi đã sống ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ năm 1993

She still hasn’t arrived Cô ta vẫn chưa đến

Lưu ý: Since + Noun

Ex: I’ve lived here since 1996 Tôi đã sống ở dó từ năm 1996

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Since last year Từ năm rồi

 Since + Clause

Ex: I have taught English at this school since I came here

Tôi đã dạy tiếng Anh tại trường này từ khi tôi đến đây

c) Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra hoặc có thể chưa xảy ra tại một thời điểm chưa hoàn tất trong hiện tại (this + time, today, tonight, ).

Ex: Where have you been this morning? Anil đã ở đâu sáng nay?

d) Sau so sánh nhất

Ex: She is the most warm-hearted woman that I’ve ever mot

Cô là người phụ nữ tốt bụng nhất mà tôi đã từng gặp

e) Diễn tả một hành động đưa đến một kết quả nào đó trong hiện tại

Ex: A.You look handsome, Nam Bạn trông đẹp trai đó Nam

B: Oh, I’ve just had my hair cut Ồ, tôi vừa mới cắt tóc

2 Gerund and infinitive (Danh động từ và hình thức nguyên thể của động từ)

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng danh động từ và hình thức nguyên thể của động từ để mô tả mục đích của cái gì đó (thứ gì đó)

* Infinitive: use sth./ sth is used + to-infinitive

* Gerund: for + V-ing

Ex: A ruler is used to draw straight lines

A ruler is used for drawing straight lines

Cây thước dùng để vẽ những đường thẳng

We can use a ruler to draw straight lines

Chúng ta có thể dùng thước để vẽ những đường thẳng

III Exercises:

1) Hoàn thành các động từ trong ngoặc với thì hiện tại hoàn thành

1 I have not worked today

2 We (buy) a new lamp

3 We (not / plan) our holiday yet

4 Where (be / you) ?

5 He (write) five letters

6 She (not / see) him for a long time

7 (be / you) at school?

8 School (not / start) yet

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9 (speak / he) to his boss?

10 No, he (have / not) the time yet

2) Hoàn thành các câu sau với thì Quá khứ đơn

1) I _ my Maths homework yesterday (to do) 2) _ Susan _ to England by plane? (to go) 3) They _ a farm two weeks ago (to visit)

4) Jenny and Peggy _ their brother (not/to help) 5) The children _ at home last weekend (not/to be) 6) When _ you _ this wonderful skirt? (to design) 7) My mother _ into the van (not/to crash)

8) The boys _ the mudguards of their bicycles (to take off) 9) _ you _ your aunt last week? (to phone)

10) He _ milk at school (not/to drink)

Trong các đề thi thì 2 thì quá khứ đơn và hiện tại hoàn thành thường được cho khá nhiều vì

2 thì này rất dễ bị nhầm lẫn, thường phải phân biệt thông qua thời gian của câu

Hiện tại hoàn thành: already, not yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recenthy, before Quá khứ đơn: yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, las month, last year, last night

Hoàn thành các bài tập và các câu sau với thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn

Bài tập 1:

1) The policetwo people early this morning (to arrest)

2) She to Japan but now she back (to go - to come)

3) Dan two tablets this year (already/to buy)

4) How many games so far this season? (your team/to win)

5) the CN Tower when you in Toronto? (you/to visit - to stay)

6) your homework yet? – Yes, I it an hour ago (you/to do - to finish)

7) There an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school (to be)

8) I Peter since I last Tuesday (not/to see - to arrive)

9) Frank his bike last May So he it for 4 months (to get - to have)

10) I'm sorry, I earlier, but I a lot lately (not/to write - to work)

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Bài tập 2:

1) Peter football yesterday

2) They the car It looks new again

3) Last year we to Italy

4) John and Peggy the book Now they can watch the film

5) I my friend two days ago

6) We another country before

7) She a new car in 2011

8) I'm sorry, but I my homework

9) the game of chess?

10) The girls their lunch yet

Bài tập 3

1) I my keys, so I can't open that door (to lose)

2) Columbus in the New World in 1492 (to arrive)

3) Nina her leg She is still in hospital (to break)

4) He here all his life (to live)

5) Colin for Brazil this morning (to leave)

6) Last winter Robin with his father in the Alps for three days (to stay)

7) Ellen with her left hand (always/to write)

8) She a language course in Paris last summer (to do)

9) anyone yet? (to phone)

10) I Paul today, but I him last Sunday

Bài tập 4:

1) They all the new words They needn't worry about the test (to learn)

2) Three people him in hospital last Friday (to visit)

3) Martin for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago (to cycle)

4) We chicken Tandoori before (never/to try)

5) a job yet? (you/to find)

6) Emily and Molly each other for more than 10 years now (to know)

7) First he to the announcement, then he to a café for a drink (to listen - to go) 8) She late four times this week (to be)

9) What's that lovely smell in here? - Jasmin a yummy cake (to bake)

10) The Titanic an iceberg in 1912 and within three hours

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UNIT 5-INVENTIONS

1 They try to imitate the wing and shape of animals in nature to produce parts of veicles The underlined

word has the closest meaning to:

2 What do you think is the most useful invention in medicine ?

A I don’t think it is useful B This is because people use a lot of penicillin

C Perhaps it is the discovery of penicillin D Just by chance

3 In order to be taken away and used everywhere, modern inventions have a tendency to be small and

4 Even the best invention may have both and drawbacks

5 “I started working for the Charity Center 5 years ago and now I’m still working here” has the closest meaning to:

A A I have started working for the Charity Center

5 years ago

C I have worked for the Charity Center since 5 years

B I have started working for the Charity Center for

5 years

D I have worked for the Charity Center for 5 years

6 People have used vaccination to prevent diseases a long time

7 Brian has inspired thousands of students across the country since he from a pedagogical university

8 Jim has stayed at home last week

9 Scientists have researched into effective ways to treat this disease last year’s epidemic

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10 This robot is very versatile, as it can be used to perform many different tasks The underlined word has

the closest meaning to:

11 This athlete a number of international awards since 1990

12 The Internet has changed the way we purchase, interact and research since

13 Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others

A blackbird (con sáo) B solar charger ( bộ sạc

năng lượng mặt trời)

14 One hen for nearly 10 days so we have no eggs in our fridge now

16 More than 40 patterns on silicon surfaces with that paintbrush (cọ sơn, chổi sơn) so far

17 Choose the answer which needs correcting:

A number of students regestered this course since last September

A B C D

18 Choose the answer which needs correcting:

They participated in social activities at the castle for the past few years

A B C D

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1 The Jet engine has had on life since the twentieth century

A a great impact B an important affacts C.an important part D.great significance

2 Do you know how this machine work ? – All you do is just this button and it starts automatically

3.You can’t use the washing machine today It’s

4 Modern home entertainment system and other are changing everyone ‘s life

5 the technological revolution is opening up a whole new world, many people are worried by it

6 Most computers have enough memory to store of information

7 My phone is out of order, is a nuisance

8 The optic fiber was a major in the field of telecommunication

9 Lida has lost her passport again It’s a second time this

10 You’re out of breath, ?

A Are you running B Have you run C Have you been running D Did you run

11 She left a message I could know where to find her

12 Where’s the book I gave you ? – What with it ?

A have you done B have you been doing C are you doing D did you do

13 Lan in Scotland for 10 years Now she lives in London

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14 James is going to be late His car has

15 If your camera is faulty, you should return it to the

16 I came to Britain more about British culture

17 It is hard to get parts for this car if something goes wrong

18 Have a nice weekend ! -

A Ok Yes, please B Thank you The same to you C It’s not very long now D No, thanks

19 Due to having a lot of things last night, we missed the film

20 I went shopping some fruits this morning

before it

1 We wore warm clothes We didn’t want to get cold

 We wore

2 The man spoke very slowly He wanted me to understand what he said

 The man

3 I whispered I didn’t want anybody else to hear our conversation

 I whispered

4 Please arrive early We want to be able to start the meeting on time

 Please

5 She locked the door She didn’t want to be disturbed

 she

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before it

1 We haven’t been to a concert for over a year

 The last time we was over a year

2 Your birthday party was the last time i really enjoy myself

 I since your birthday party

3 It’s nearly 20 years since my father saw his brother

 My father for nearly 20 years

4 James went to Scotland last Friday and is still there

 James to Scotland since Friday

5 When did you learn to drive ?

 How long is it to drive?

6 The last time I went swimming was when we were in Spain

 I haven’t we were in Spain

7.You haven’t tidied this rooms for weeks

 It’s weeks this room

8 We started looking for a flat 2 months ago and we’re still looking

 We a flat for 2 months

9 I haven’t been to a night club before

 This is a night club

10 When she heart the results, Mary began to feel more confident

 Since more confident

before it

1 When she has to walk to the supermarket, she finds it tiring

 She gets she has to walk to the supermarket

2 My appointment with Dr Gibson is at 10 o’clock

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 At 10 o’clock, I am appointment with Dr Gibson

3 The hospital gave me some information about a local gym

 I about a local gym

4 Max uses his phone for calling his family and friends

 Max call his family and friends

5 You must not drive a car in the town center

 You are in the town center

1 A pair of compasses are used for draw circles =>……….………

2 He has just bought a pencil case to held his pens and pencils =>………

3 A correction pen is used for cover writing mistakes =>………

4 British women overtake British men in Internet usage since 2005 =>………

5 How did your life change over the past ten years =>………

1 Social networking sites can be used for creating your profile and contacting your friends (person )

2 Studies have shown that for invention mostly comes from natural world ( inspire )

3 Scientists and have observed things in nature to design new products to serve humans (invent)

4 Since then, Velcro has dradually become a familiar for shoes, jackets and even spacesuits

(fasten )

5 This 3-D is used to produce solid objects similar to the originals ( print )

6 Traffic has been considered one of the most serious and urgent problems of our country

(congest )

7 The petrol of this type of motorbike is estimated approximately 2 litres per 100 km (consume )

8 A digital camera is quite because you do not have to spend money on rolls of film (economy)

9 Some people like a small screen, as it is portable, but the other ones want a one to watch films

conveniently with big images ( bulk )

10 A medical is the invention which is admitted to be really humane ( incubate )

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