SECTION 15 adjectives and adverbs @ grammar summary Adjectives are words like easy, slow, sorry, important.. a fast cor fast cars NOT fasts-ears Before nouns, we don’t usually put and b
Trang 1SECTION 15 adjectives and adverbs
@ grammar summary
Adjectives are words like easy, slow, sorry, important They usually tell you more about people or things
They can go before nouns, or after be, seem, look, etc
Adverbs are words like easily, slowly, yesterday, there Adverbs tell you, for example, how, when or where
something happens
We can compare people and things with as as, -er than or more than
Joe’s as tall as me Jane's taller than me She works more carefully than me
We can use -est or most to compare people and things with all of their group
We use -er and -est with shorter adjectives and some short adverbs
@ pre-test: which units do you need?
Try this small test It will help you to decide which units you need The answers are on page 284
0 Write the adverbs
Nice ⁄4t©£LU complete .- CT)
beautifulL «« probable
9 Correct (⁄) or not (x)?
> She asked some difficults questions X
1 She was wearing a green, beautiful dress
2 You are certainly right
3 He speaks very well Russian
I often play tennis
Y’m not as tall as my sister
Can you drive slowlier, please?
I’m very interesting in politics
8 Circle the correct words
2 It looks beautiful / beautifully the country
0 Write the comparatives
Great books for voung readers!
the smallest dishwasher '
_ 100% organic soup, = ¡n the world
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 199
Trang 2adjectives a beautiful little girl who was not stupid
Adjectives go before, not after nouns
Adjectives don’t change for singular and plural
a fast cor fast cars (NOT fasts-ears)
Before nouns, we don’t usually put and between adjectives
a big bad wolf (NOT-2-big-and-bed-welf)
Colour adjectives usually come after others
beautiful red apples (NOT red-beautifutapptes)
@ Put in the adjectives and write the story
Under a tree (tall green) Ề dc nọ TT ng K09 K10 1 0 180 1 188155 14055 ke tre
Qo Put the words in the correct order and continue the story
big the bad wolf D ecsesescsenececteeeccesteestessseaaeeceeeeeeseseensasasseeeceececseeeeesesaenareeeeseeens
© Put in adjectives from the box to finish the story
big friendly stupid little
“OK,' said the wolf in a I - voice
‘I’ll see you later.’ ‘I don’t think so,’ said
the 2 cà girl, who was not
¬ She took a 4
(from an idea by James Thurber)
+ ˆN ae So 2
‘| don’t think so,’ said the little girl
200 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Trang 3Adjectives can go after be, become, get, seem, look (= ‘seem’) and feel
After these verbs, we put and before the last of two or more adjectives
He was tall, dark and handsome (NOT He-wes-tet_-dark, hendseme.) You look well and happy
0 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences, using words from the box
and and beautiful cold hungry intelligent tired
1
&
‘Bill / be / very / tall.’ “BElls, very ta cceseceeteeteeeneeees ‘Yes, he’s nearly 2 metres.’
‘That car / look / EXPeNsive.” oo ce csccceecsseessseeeeeeeeeeeceseesserssaeseeeeeesens ‘No, it’s cheap.’
‘Jane / seem / happy.” .- nhieu ‘She’s in love again.’
It / get / dark / very early here im Winer che
My parents / getting / Od 00 cece ecceteeeteeceeeeeneeeenteeenaeeenteeeeteeees
6 Make sentences with adjectives from the box
Australian bad beautiful hot Y late rich
> This water / not be very / Mais water tsa't very Wot cece
1 “The train / Ѐ / ” HH HH HH kh rà ‘No, it’s on time.’
2 ‘He / LOOK / ” Quế se ‘No, he’s American.’
3 ‘Your hair / IOOk / ” Q TQ HH ng kh ra ‘Oh, thanks.’
4 My memory / getting Very / 0 cc ccececcccesssteceeeceeetseeeeeesseasseeenenseneeenensaes
5 I want / become / and ÍamOUS_ con HH nh ke
We don’t usually use adjectives without nouns
‘Ann’s ill.’ ‘The poor girl.’ (NOT Fhe-peer-’)
+ For word order in sentences like /s Bill very tall?, see page 106
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 201
Trang 4adverbs He ate quickly It was badly cooked
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Adjectives are connected with nouns and pronouns They usually tell you more about people or things
They can go before nouns, or after be, seem, look, etc (see pages 200-201)
Adverbs are connected with other words — for example verbs
Some adverbs tell you how something happens These often end in -ly
It’s an easy language You can learn this language easily
The music is slow The pianist is playing slowly
ae, nooo
Her ideas are interesting She spoke interestingly about her ideas
1) Choose an adjective or an adverb
» Could I have a 44t£E quick word with you? (quick / quickly)
» She walked away 44«!©tLg (quick / quickly)
1 This isa train - it stops everywhere (slow / slowly)
2 He talked very about his work (interesting / interestingly)
3 You ve cooked the meat (beautiful / beautifully)
4 ve got an job for you (easy / easily)
5 _She writes in English (perfect / perfectly)
6 Ising very (bad | badly)
7 Ifeel today (happy / happily)
8 You seem very (angry / angrily)
9 Anne5 a swimmer (strong / strongly)
10 Could you talk more , please? (quiet / quietly)
HOW TO MAKE -iY ADVERBS
e -ble —> -bly possible —> possibly
@ Write the adverbs
DP Wrong WHORL eee 4 thirsty 8 wonderful
2 SÀ(C€(€ àà © `.“ —— 1Ò unhappy
11 comfortable
HAGBOURNE
Please drive carefully
202 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Trang 5| Some adverbs tell you when or where something happens
I'm going away tomorrow We ran downhill The accident happened there
Others tell you how much: for example much (especially in negatives and questions - see page 168),
a fot, a bit (conversational), a little
Adverbs that say how, where, when or how much often come at the end of a sentence
(Some can also come at the beginning.) They do not come between the verb and the object
VERB OBJECT ADVERB
9 Make sentences with adverbs from the box (Different answers are possible.)
carefully clearly correctly perfectly slowly tomorrow much yesterday
> soup / cook / the €22K.th.só<p.sLowtu OR.CeoK.thé.se«p.cartfaLtd
computer / bouglt / a / Ï .- Gv HH nọ Họ vế
NA
Very much can be used in affirmative (E3) sentences as well as negatives and questions
Be careful of the word order
| like sport very much (NOT -Hike-very-much-sport:)
0 Write about four things that you like very much
DDD ooo 7904)“ e.-
Adverbs can go before adjectives, and before past participles (for example broken, finished)
terribly sorry (NOT terrible-sorry) nearly ready completely finished
6 Complete the sentences with words from the box
.-† e e
cooked empty finished interesting married ý sorry tired written
> Joe and Ann have been happily #arrt4 for twenty-five years
I1 Ứm tetrribly to tell you that we have no more tickets
2 There’s nothing to eat - the fridge is completely
3 The book's very welÌ - -«- ; bụt it's not terribÌy
4 After walking all day, Peter was extremeÌy
S The food here is very welÌ « - , but they don’t give you enough
6 ‘Is your new house ready yet?’ ‘It’s nearÌy ,
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 203
Trang 6adverbs with the verb often, certainly, etc
Some adverbs, for example always or certainly, usually go with the verb
how often: always often’ ~—s usually sometimes ever _ hardly ever (= ‘almost never’) never how certainly: certainly definitely —_ probably
other: already also just still even _— only
These adverbs go before most verbs, but after auxiliary verbs (have, will, can, must etc) and after
am/are/is/was/were
! certainly like London It will probably rain tomorrow
Andy often gets ill She can certainly help you
We already know each other ! am only here to see Barbara
She hardly ever sees him You are certainly right
@ Put the adverbs in the correct places
> I speak French, but people know that I’m English (often; always)
VỆẾ 5 tk nền nu 9 96 se 090200 4 e0 6s "72 ^ h2 tran h°° 990909 Qsê s16 616 s6 Đen v6 60 68 6 0000030 0020096060666 (NHXẾP s0 0 0 60902 0000090400000 490600067 00 6 00006 0 60622 0 6 8 G0 000 006000620000 v0 0 9 300 bà bọ 0 006 04
Cee ee eee meee COOH 0 0 Đo G0 9 9n bo LÔ Đo in HO À B6 6 0 0 0 0 00000 0 00000 0000000000 000 0060 670 000 6 0 0 4C 6000 8 l0 nho 9 Ho i5 Đó 0 0 0 0640000 6 60 502 260 n G0 00000 00049 0 0 0000006000000 0 0 00600 00000 00002 0V 0 0 00 0 0 0 An 006080 hớ 6
ORCC meee ee ee mE e Ee eRe OEE EOE OE EOE E EEE SEE TERE RETO EEO TEER EE DOE EOE O EEE EER OEE E EE DED Se HHS ORTH EEE OREO EHD EO ERE OEE EEE E OOOH FORTE EEE EEO EEE AAO D EEE SES
Cee eee eee ewer ee eRe BOR OCS EE DEO EEO RRO HR EHO O HEEL EEE OEE EERE DEORE EOD HEE HEHE EEE O EHH ODO H EEE EE ESCO ORES EAE HEED EEE E REE EER COREE ESE EEO PES ELER EEE EHREAE ES
In questions, these adverbs usually go after auxiliary verb + subject
Do you ever write poems? Has Mary always lived here? Are you often in London?
© Put the adverbs in the correct places
1 Do you play cards? (Oftert) .ố.Ố.ố Ũ d
Have you been tO TiD€t? (€V€F)_ LG TH ng ng KH KH H08 0k Are you hapDYy? (đÏWAđVS) _ Q SH HH HH TH no TH Họ th ve Does the boss take a hoÌiAY? (ØY€F) TH TH ni họ re 0,98 2000810002111 (170/7 2
Is Barbara ill? (Sti)
204 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Trang 7Longer expressions usually go at the end of a sentence Compare:
She often plays tennis She plays tennis two or three times a week
She hardly ever wins a game She wins a game once or twice a month
She always practises in the afternoon Does she practise every afternoon?
0 Look at the table and make some sentences with often, once a day etc
— T Ann, goes swimming once a day / every dau
goes swimming [1⁄d' |1/m Bill goes to the theatre two.or three times @ year
plays football - 3n plays tennis 1/w TT goes skiing S—6/y —— cọ gi 9.4 6061910 8.8: 0600/8069 6.0 009190 6 009198 19 00.8061 8.0:619 98.6010 th 6 6 6 kg 0 goes to the theatre l/W 2-3/y ee eee eee ee ee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee’ eee eee eee eee cere ee ee Sec eee eee eee eee ee eee eee goes to the cinema | 3-4/y | 2/m TOM meee Or aw r eH H OREO ERE EE REET HEE O RCO H TEESE D HO OSS DESERET SEED HEHE SESH EE Ereeensreeeene
goes to concerts - 1/w DRO eM rem mee eee He OOO HOO E Ree TOO OEE DDS EER S ESD O EES O HED ED EH Ee SHEESH EEE H ee seeeneseereee Pee meee rem era mee RH OER OOOOH HCE O TORE SHEESH DDS EREE EEE E ER SE EEE SDE HEDE EEE e eden eesdesete „`
Vì ./14-7-(:19)914( H-ta,:Mmaaaaadađadađdiaiaiaiii
A0 Đ E6 8000 60022 0 00600 060002600 00400006 6000600022006 900000969 06690609966 69900940 9994 + 00900 0 00006 t vn ke CeCe remem ween OR ER OEE ốc ốc (CC ốC ố.ỐỐ.Ố.Ố.ố.ố.ốỐỐ.ốỐố.ố ố ố.ố ốẽ Pe meee cee meee rece err errr eee ease neers essere arenes DEEDES EET OHNE OO ES HOSES OER ETERS OEE EES eee eee ee eee eee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee @ crammar AND VOCABULARY: go with spare-time activities Look at the pictures, and put the correct numbers with the activities Use a dictionary if necessary 3 IN YOUR SPARE TIME YOU CAN: «œ 2 ~> go walking é GÀ: 4 go swimming
go sailing
go wind-surfing
go skiing
go skating
go fishing
go shopping
go to the opera — —
go to the theatre 10
go to concerts 9 ⁄ WA a _ DENEVE GO CLM OLA ng ra D ! GO SWIMMING Overy AA co ằ.ằ TT
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 205
Trang 8interested and interesting, etc
Interested, bored, excited etc say how people feel
Interesting, boring, exciting etc describe the things (or people) that cause the feelings
She’s very interested in the lessons (NOT Shes-very-interesting-in-the-tessons )
The lessons are always interesting (NOT -Fhe-tessons-are-atways-interested )
I’m often bored at work, because !’ve got a boring job
Q write these words under the pictures: interested, interesting, bored, boring
Q Put in words from the box
annoyed (= ‘a little angry’) “ annoying excited exciting frightened frightening surprised surprising 1 Somebody phones you late at night You are 81w24$đ, He/she is
2 _A woman hears noises at night She is TNE MOISES are
3 A family makes . «<5 holiday plans The children are very
4 Your exam mark is very good This is And you are
© Here are the beginnings of five books Write what you think of the books Use very interesting, quite interesting, not very interesting, quite boring or very boring 1 After King Leofric died in 1342,
I think this book is probably 0.0.0
2 The moment Olga walked into Alan's office, he realised his life had changed for ever
CR eee emer eH R DEEN TEER E OER eee ee RROD REDE REET EEE E EERE EEA E DEERE SHOE E EERE SAHOO EEO E EEE HE ODED EOE OO EH CDA E ADEE HOEEE ODE DOE EH OEE a HEHE SEO ED EHS DOH OHO HeEED ÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔ (CC ố.(C C
"| Có óÍi .(CCC.ỐỐ.Ố (CC Ộ
@ crammar AND VOCABULARY: adverbs of degree; subjects of study Make sure you know the words in the box Use a dictionary if necessary Then write how interested you are in some of the subjects You can use extremely ( = +++), very, quite, not very, not or not at all ( = - - -)
art biology economics history literature mathematics philosophy physics _ politics | [n extremely interested in DOM
0,5 0s ố
l8 0 Đi ấ:::daiiiidadiadiiiiiidiididiiiiaai
206 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Trang 9fast, hard, hardly, well, friendly,
Fast, hard, late, early, daily, weekly and monthly are adjectives and adverbs
It’s hard work She works hard It’s a weekly paper | buy it weekly
Hardly and lately have different meanings from hard and late
Hardly = ‘almost not’; lately = ‘recently’, ‘not long ago’
Well can be an adjective (the opposite of iff) or an adverb (the opposite of badly)
@ These are sentences from real conversations Put in words from the boxes
early hard hardly weekly well
1 And | really understand Italian quite
2 You've got no playschool tomorrow so you haven't got to get up , have you?
3 Why should I[ work when you never do anything?
4 Departures from the UK are , mid-morning on Sundays from Dover
» She was really, you know, nervous, and came out of her flat at all
@ Choose the best answer
P You look Well , Mike (early / lately / well)
1 Your father read the Express when he was alive (hardly / Daily / lately)
2 You haven't seen the window cleaner , have you? (lately / hard / weekly)
3 lran as as I could, along the Tottenham Court Road (early / fast / hardly)
4 1 sleep - an hour at a time (well / hard / hardly)
5 lIgotup to finish some work (well / hardly / early)
Friendly, lonely, lovely, silly are adjectives, not adverbs
She gave me a friendly smile (BUT NOT-She-smniied-frency )
He was very lonely (BUT NOT -He-watked-tenely-_threughthe-streets: )
There are no adverbs friendly, Jovelily etc instead, we use other words or expressions
€ Put in adjectives and adverbs from the box
daily early “fast friendly hard hardly late lonely silly
breakfast very 1 and run for my train On the train I read the 2 Paper,
because after I get to work there’s no more time for reading The boss is nice, but she makes us work V€TY 3 , and ï often have to stay 4 to finish everything There’s a nice
new secretary in the office Ï s know her, but she always gives me a 6
smile when I arrive She hasn’t lived here long Perhaps it's a 7 idea, but | wonder if SNE’S 8 ] think I'll ask her out
Trang 10comparative and superlative adjectives: forms
Comparative adjectives are forms like colder, more famous
Superlative adjectives are forms like coldest, most famous
e most short (one-syllable) adjectives: + -er, -est old — older, oldest
e short adjectives ending in -e: + -r, -st nice —> nicer, nicest
@ Write the comparative and superlative adjectives
b cold €6L84y,.e0Lđ€S$Ẳ, Go ` 1 ‹.4a<
Ï §T€€T ĂẶẶ TH» HH vu ri 0 ae
PT — -Ö B WIE KM/(‹' 4 Lá
4 smalÌ - HH nh kh ve, I0 0a ee ccceecccceeeeesececeseceeceeeeeeecesesceessseeeeess
e short adjectives ending in one vowel + one consonant:
double consonant + -er, -est fat —> fatter, fattest thin — thinner, thinnest
BUT don’t double w: low — lower, lowest
Q Write the comparative and superlative adjectives
> slow Stower, Slowest oo, 3 n€W 22222 5 slim sec sẰ,
1 Đỉg ve
e two-syllable adjectives ending in -y: y — / + -er, -est happy —» happier, happiest
© Write the comparative and superlative adjectives
D> friendly frvenaliey, friemleest oe Ö ` 1 5
;¬ 4 AHBTY Ă TQ HQ HH HH HH khen kêu
2 hunBg[rV nen nhe Lm Ồ
© write the comparative and superlative adjectives
2 beautifulÌ - che ÔôôÔ(ôôÔÔỒẦ.Ố
3 intelligent se, 7 ÍInI€T€SI€Ở Ghế
e irregular adjectives: good —> better, best bad —> worse, worst
far —> further, furthest OR farther, farthest
8 Put in irregular comparative adjectives
1 I'm so tired Is the bus stop mụuch ?
2 I don’t enjoy train travel here, but | do in France - the trains are there
3 ‘How’s your toothache today?’ ‘It’s «0.0 **You should see a dentist.’
208 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS