SECTION 17 3} ® grammar summary Most tenses are possible in sentences with if.. Note the following three important structures: ® present tenses for future: With if, we use present tense
Trang 1SECTION 17 3}
® grammar summary
Most tenses are possible in sentences with if
if you’re happy, I’m happy He won’t come tomorrow if he came yesterday
If you've been to Paris, you’ve seen the Eiffel Tower
Note the following three important structures:
® present tenses for future:
With if, we use present tenses to talk about the future
I'll phone you if | have time (NOT #-wil-heve- time)
e if + past, would
We can use past tenses with if to show that something is not real or not probable now
(We normally use would in the other part of the sentence.)
if | had more money, | would buy a car now
e if+ past perfect, would have
To talk about unreal past events — things that did not happen - we use /f + past perfect
(We normally use would have + past participle in the other part of the sentence.) I'm sorry you had all those problems If you had asked me, | would have helped you
@ pre-test: which units do you need?
Try this small test It will help you to decide which units you need The answers are on page 284
Oo Correct (/) or not (X)?
> If I would have gone to London, I had seen Alex
1 If I’m sleepy, I drink a cup of coffee
If § could drive, I could get a better job
We'll go and see Max and Chris if we'll be in Berlin
If he’s from Switzerland, he probably understands French
If we left early tomorrow morning, we would arrive before 12.00
You can’t come in here unless you don’t have a ticket
If he would work harder, he passed his exams
I wouldn’t do that if I were you
If you didn’t help me, J would have been in trouble
OANA
if it's Tuesday, this must be Belgium , If you can keep your head when all { (Tithe of film about American tourists in Europe) Ị about you are losing theirs,
(Rudyard Kipling)
If you were the only girl in the world, '
(Song by Clifford Grey) Gre | about you are losing theirs, i
(British Army saying) Í
iF 227
Trang 2if: position; unless
When we use /f, there are two possibilities
1 Start with if and use a comma (,) 2 Put if between the two parts of the sentence
If you‘re too hot, take your coat off Take your coat off if you’re too hot
if Ann saw us, why didn’t she say ‘hello’? Why didn’t Ann say ‘hello’ if she saw us?
1) Use /f to put these sentences together in two ways
>» Joe works at Brown's He probably knows Annie
cv dd nà nữ QIỒTn vo du nón g 0u 0 mà Đón g2 9v ĐỀ bên ch nỆ + 9 Ê H2 09009 TỢ nh ĐI P ewe ee eee eee eee eee? Se eee eee ee ee ee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee ere Cero Tee Tee eee rere eer ere)
JOC Reba bis wows AVALE LENE OVS, OL BYOWW'S oo ố at
1 I can’t sleep I get up and read
ÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÓÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÒÔ | recee reer cere ee ee cere vec cece cece cece Scere ee eer eer eeee rere FORO E RHO re ee EOE RHEE HH EEO EDO OE DEERE OOH EN GREER HEHE REE OSH E EEO EET MESO RETO DEH OTTER ESTEE SHOE EE PET SEEM TET REESE RHEE THEE OSES EEE O SESE ESE OE EEE HEEE
eee ee eee RECEP CCE ECCS ee eee ree Sees ee eee eee eee reer eee eee eee eee eer ere eer SEC Ce eee eee eee CeCe er rere cee ree eee Tee eee eee er eee rere ere eerrerers) Pee eeEReCPEUEeeEe Eee ee eee ee CeCe eee Cee ee Cree Peres eee eee eee eee rere ere 09 0604060006049604 240006090024 00600000220 6000 00004 00000620 460602900049 0060060000900 0000000000000 660 00196201 ợng
PORE e emer eee er eee R ee HERR EERO EOD ERENT ORO ORES E SEHR EEE M EER HEED E HSER HEDRONS HED PEEE DEES EET OETEEH SHORES HERS OT DEES PESOS ETHER 0900060020 090966 806 hạng
CO ĐH HH ĐC ĐH Ó 0G 2 00 0 00 An 0 60 0H 0 60060 4006 00006060200000006 9000006000000 0600004040042 6062 62 00% 0600 94 00s 0900096020004 00000002 0 2206 0 6000 490 06406 0900000 0 06 00g 00008 0 0 00c b Đg ĐH g2 hon ĐỀ 8 8 tu
ố ố
“ ỐỐốố.ốỐốỐốỐốốỐỐ.ốốố ốc ( (((ốỐỐ.ốốỐ Ố
Pere eee ere ree eee eee ee eee eee Pee eee c( CC ốC (CC (
We can use unless to mean ‘if not’, ‘except if’
You can't come in unless you have a ticket (= ‘You can’t come in if you don’t have a ticket.’)
Unless I’m very tired, | go to bed about midnight (= ‘Except if I'm very tired .’)
Q Rewrite these sentences with unless
> Children can’t go in if they are not with an adult
CALLAN ey COW 'H 06 (0140068 C0601, 816610101 800, 60 ĐỀ LH TH HH HH HH ngu
Í Í.ÍÍ C.( Ố Ố C.( ( Ố.Ố Ố
ÓC Ố Ố ỐỐ.ỐỐỐỐ.ỐỐỐỐ.Ố.Ố
(CC ( C.CC CU(C CC .(Ố LC.ỐC S é.ố
— ˆÓˆŠˆ .: Ố Ố ÓC Ố ( (C(CC(C (CC .ố
ĐH ĐA BĐS ĐÓ 0A G0090 0050090600000 9009009009009 00000000000 000 6066 b 904 0000000060606 6 000000 09000000 000090000000 004 0066006 00006 600 0 0 0090664 0 0 2090 46 0 4 6 000000 cớ 9 20 9 6 c6 6000900900 È2 00 6066006460000 06 0190001096004
Trang 3if future I'll phone you if I hear from Alice
Most tenses are possible in sentences with 7
ff you Tế happy, (m happy He won't come tomorrow if he came yesterday
Hf you've been to Paris, you've seen the Eiffel Tower
But after if, we normally use a present tense to talk about the future
if it is sunny tomorrow, we'll eat in the garden Hil phone you if | hear from Alice
I'll be sorry if | don’t pass this exam
0 Make sentences with if
I’m afraid the bus will! be late
cob wwe e ett ee nee an were ese shk eat tee ae ee ETP ee SEHR rere eE ACEO CEO s EGR S OEE EOE SESE OSES HEE TEES ETO OEE E OHHH EES ESEDS rea eee meee er OAR ROOD e ETHER AMEE RET EDO S ER HOO OCCT RHE RPP RPS O SEES TOFS OHES HEE HETEH SEAS EEE ETH EETOSE SOCCER TEED TEESE ESSE TOT E SS
2 — > lose MY ẨÏâa(L - Ăn HH HH KH TH nà 01c 11881111 tr TH 41 001 80 8 Ki v
—> move back to my parents” hOusS€ _ -c-SQ LH ng nh ng 140 1 tt g1 13
—> g€©t V€YY DOT€CỈ_ - QQ SH TH TH 0 H00 1101 1 T0 114001 1 ket
=0 0:
—> ÌOOk V€TY 8OOỞ_ - SG TQ Q.0 HH nen HT TK HT 08.8 16k tren
—> meet interesting D€OpDÌ€ ẶQQ n SH HH Họ Đà
8 — > g0 tO ÌOtS OÍ DATEÏ€S -QQ Q2 SH HH HH HH TH TH kh nu KH tì kh
9 —» have a wonderful time
ND
ĐÔ HH 6 Ề HC 000000 6060000066000 60600000000 0660 0000200000000000090002200040000044002200094060%90 0 900600904006090606000059 00s 0 09 092ê^ 664 e0 60w
@ Put in the correct verb forms
bifiL V2AS ,we ,.well have the party inside (rain; have)
LoD happy ifI my exam (be; pass)
2 lfyou nOW, YOU the train (leave; catch)
3 John says he as a taxi-driver if he money (work; need)
4 If] free tomorrow evening, I you on Friday (not be; see)
5Š _Mary Chinese next year if she time (Study; have)
6 ÏÌ you to the station ifI find my car keys (drive; can)
7 tíhe her, he a happy liÍe ("6 arry; not have)
8_ VOU smoking if the doctor you that you must? (stop; teil)
9 If we to the boss very politely, he to us? (talk; listen)
۩ crammar AND VOCABULARY: names of languages
Anna is going to work in another country next year See if you can make sentences with the correct language names Use a dictionary if necessary
> (China) !Ý she goes to China, she will have to learn Chinese
ĐA 6 BÊ Bom nón min BH Bo Đ pm ÁP Đ D00 000000 0 0 6 66 00B 20000006000 0 06066000046 06690400000 %2 0 404000260 0040000%00 6 060064920042004400440000% 60 204200440460 402240000 0 222 có ê 00 0e e 0660 6Ð
(Egypt) Lf SN 0 Ố
(Holland) (Kenya)
(Greece)
6 (Austria)
dÓ In BH 9 600 000000000000 0i Đ ĐÓ Đ 9 00 00/0 0 0.4920 00 0089 0 000906 60200 0 0 29 6000 900000000 06004404 6 0 cơ 6 2 0 6 6040 00 Đo ĐÓ 0Ó 0 0 0 0 0 0 ÔĐ 0i 6 0 0 4900464640 4 2 cà G200 0 06 ^ 60 60 0 060006 600406200080990 5t v04, me s86
la ee eee ee ee ee eee eee ee ee eee eee ee ee eee eee Cece ere eee eee eee eee CeCe CeCe CeCe ree eeeeree cere re ererere rere ere rer rr rr erry
CĐ 0 6 0n 900 mm ĐÓ G0 00600000 0 H000 000000 0 0 0 060-0069 402 60000089006 20 06 0 00000 0600 006009080 6 400 80 800200040 2 060000060600 0 0000904 0 6 0 ừ Giá ĐO ĐO 60 0 000 0026 hề 0 0 tiên 0 0 4000 0020006006400 002.0690000 1918 e
ÓC No m9 Đo Đ 66 0 00 0 0 600 900000000 0 02 0 0000902 60 0006 00909 6 0 0 60060090040 0 00000090 6 0 HUẾ 02 0 6 09000 6002 04 0062 000002 0 60000 6 002000666 0 0 0040 206 6 06 66 000000 0 6 6 0006440 0000060400044 4066466000499 00 0 tỶee
> We also use present tenses for the future after time conjunctions: see page 221.
Trang 4not real / not probable If dogs could talk,
We use /f + past tense + would to talk about things that are not real or not probable now
IF + PAST TENSE WOULD + INFINITIVE (WITHOUT TO)
If | had a million dollars, | would build a big swimming pool
If you were the President, | what would you do?
If dogs could talk, they would tell some interesting stories
If he didn’t travel so much, he'd have more money
Contractions (see page 277): { would — I'd, you would — you‘d, etc
@ Put in the correct forms of the verbs
> If people 124 four arms, life ‘vo%!4 6¢ easier (have; be)
1 lf my cat open the fridge, it all my food (can; eat)
2 ]f Ann and Bill here, they what to do (be; know)
3 ]fI the answer, ] you (know; tell)
4 If your boss you to work on Sunday, you it? (ask; do)
Š5 lfyou read people thoughts, what yOU ? (can; do)
@ Complete each sentence with the correct forms of the correct verbs
l Ï a cat if Ï enough money (Have, buy)
2 TfI you to marry me, what YOU - ? (say, ask)
3 Alex his work on time ¡f he so much (finish, not talk)
4 l Chinese if I more time (ave, sfudy)
Š3_ ]f the programmes better, l more TV (be, watch)
6 This a nice country IÍi† « so much (not rain, be)
2Í eee Carola better if she about herself all the time (sot talk, like)
© Make sentences in two ways
> My parents don’t live near here, so | don’t see them at weekends
fui parents lived wear here, | would see them at weekends
ị Án 1 s« ` he ằ he hố ằ ằ.ẻaẽằẽằe hố hố
t would see mig parents at weeeends tf they lived wear here
eee eer tee ee ROM Sade e0 6649060000666 0006 6e 6k 0i 02 00/00 k2 0 6 SỀ 2 2 0606 6 ( GẢn G0 hiÐ ánh E0 6 0260606 09600000 6 00 2660002 0 là Giữ GA 0 00000 000002040022 9 604600004 2 l6 do ó0 000 m0 ^ Giản hon ĐÁ ĐÓ Ho đo iệ go AB
xố rẻ rẽ rẽ 6 cổ ( v
Ác ĐT Đ ĐÓ Đo ĐÓ Đo OP CĐ (ĐÀ Ó do 9 6 0 200 00000000 000 0 0 60 l0 0606020600000 600000 600000 0ó 6 0 EEE ERE HORSE HEE EEE E ETHER EER EEO SEERA EEE E EHO EEE EE DEE HERES EH Emre ee eE EO REEEee
me Ree meme ho Ho ĐÔ Đ ĐÔ lo no 9 0 0 00000 000 6c 6060 0 00270 00 000000000000 2604k B06 00008200030 0 000 0 206620600042 6060600 60000002904 6b boã 6 000 40600 0000000000 gi hiên 4 0000400442000 40 0 02 kê đ gen 66 e0 0006060 609099006 6 1m
«HH BỌC CO ĐC Đ ÓC ĐH (ĐC ho G0 0 0 0 00 00 2e 0 EROS EEOC DEEDES SEED EEO SERS 0000 06 0004 4260006020 26-6 6-0 404 00 0 6iề 4060 0 0002000000 44290 6 0 04 62-0 Án ĐO G ĐÓ g0 O4 0 6 6Ó 6m 6o Đ nó ĐÔ g ni 8 06
Oe mee Bo ho 0 0 ĐÓ SP n0 0000000000000 000002 500 4 000000200 0 0 06606 0000900049084 60000000000 004 00 6 6 "9 406 0 00600000000 200 0 6 60 46.20426000 0006 0 0 0 0 6 02000044 4096060 6 00 400 6000 6 0 06 6046 66 0 0 0 Ầ 0 0004 0660 99s nnn nh ne đe
DRDO erro e mam ee eee Ree PEE DOOR PHO PC 9 0 ĐC ĐP ÓC (Ó Đo CB 2 0 niên hoi dc Đo ÓC ÁP Đo mo 9 P CÔ biện (ÓC Go Ms ÍD ÁP PP ÁP ĐI OIẾC Đo đc đo 9 P ĐC 9 Đo Lê ĐIỆN oi Đo Cỏ Đo Đ Đi Ác PP PHÊ ĐI 600008 Pree meee ree eee RROD EERE EOE EEE Đo ĐH 5 9 000 6 0 00660060 9000 00 0 4° 9 900 60 0 40 6ợ 6 60000002 00000306 ĐÓ 0 0 00606 0 00000000 0 6 40000602 60000 6 00406 0 0 6ó SOOT 004040 6 4 4 00600 0644 6020060 04 4 000000 0t l6 0 00 669600 0n 006
eee eee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eres eee ee eee eee ee cer ere ee eee eer ee ee eee Cee Cece eee errr errr eee reer eer ee ee ee ee eee eee PCR ee eee remem mmm e mee rere Reem Reem E 0 600 00 0 6022 9000809000000 RHEE HODES EEE SHES HEE OOOOH E SHEER EEE OEE 0 0 460 000 0 nh 4 0 00406 2404 tốn A0 040 0 6 0666 60 004002000400 00000 0 200 6000 0000266 6 100 190 6ê e ke
Trang 5© avestionnaire: WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF .?
Write sentences Use a dictionary if necessary
1 tf you heard a strange noise in your house in the night, would you:
A go and look? +B phone the police? C hide under the bedclothes?
If I heard a strange noise in my hous in the night, Ï would _ -<
2 If you found a lot of money in the street, would you:
A keep it? B try to find the person who had lost it? C take it to the police?
OUP ERE eee eee SEE Eee ee SSPE PSEC TUCO e EEE reer Seer eee cere eee reer eer rs ee See eerer err cee ee ce Scere eerr rece cere cece seers eee eee eee sees eee sy
POR ero emer OH eee er ewe bE Sere Dee EOS EEE DHE SHH OOO E DEER OOOO OR EE ETOH DEH DESH EME D ER EEE HH ETAT HOO EOE SETHE HE SEES HEE H HOES ESE HHT T OOH OR EEE SE HEEB HEE Ee eetoerse
3 If you saw a child stealing from a shop, would you:
A tell the child to stop? _B tell a shop assistant? C do nothing?
POPC O HHO Heme H ORO RPE H EEE OES EEE HH EOD EEOC DEO E ESO EEHEHE ORCA HEOH EEO SEO H DEH OHO SOTO RH HERH HEED EEE H STORE ESET EH HLE DEERE EEE HATO HOES EO EE EO EEF ES EE eee Ee eee
CRMC e ee COO DEED Dm HHO R SEES EEO EEO R EE Oo ECO HEED EEEHOO REDE RHEE DEMOS ETOH REED EH ESO EOEH ENTE HEE EDO H SOE ER OREO SETH ESTO HEOS ESSE EE HODEREE DEE HHT E ESE DEES
4 if a shop assistant gave you too much change, would you:
A tell him/her? B take the money and say nothing?
COOH EO meme em EEO REED OEE H EFC O DEORE EEO R EEO REESE EEE DEE EH EEO D EHH ERH EEE R EEE HEE OHO R EEN E HERETO OREN SEEDS CEH EEN OES HOES CEES HEED ES DESH OTE SOE ESSER CUE E SED
“" - ae (C (.ỐỐ
5S if you found a dead mouse in your kitchen, would you:
A throw it out? B ask somebody to throw it out? C run?
Oem mm eee Oe eee rere ee OE DDO H HEHE EH EEE HERRERO EERE TEED HREOC THEO REE E HHT O RES EH ESE OHH D EEE DHE OH DEERE EEE ERODES EOE OEE OEE H EEE OO ROO SED ES HOES OES HOSE DEES OEE
PO e eee Oem Eee ee HEE RETO HO FETE E OEE E OED ACEH ECE O HEE O ESET EHH D ESE EET OPES R EEO ORTH ESSE ES MOSH OES EEE D EOD U SDSS TORRONE SECT C OC ET OLED E EES OEE EHS EmeES
6 If you found a suitcase on the pavement outside a bank, would you:
A take it into the bank? B take it to the police? C take it home? D leave it?
Oa mee eh et ecm meee HEE ER He REE E EEE REE OH HOE EE DET OHE SEDO ORE EOS EES SEER OE COO REED E EC OEE OSES ODED EEO R ESE ER EHD E SHOE H EDO EES EE DH OES T EHH EE DARED Cae H ENDO EET OF
6 ÔÓÔ 'ÁÁÁÁ - .- ắ Á ỏ.ỏŠ.Ô Ố ỏ
7 if you found a friend’s diary, would you:
A read it? B give it to him/her without reading it?
Cee Ome eee Oe ema mae EHP OH DD Re REE TEESE DESO OEE EDD OEE EEE ESO H Ee EEE EEE SEE O HEE SEDO HO EESO REDE SEDO ODES EOE H OREO REESE ODO EE DD EEE EOEN OHSS AEROS EER eee eEe BOC N ee mee eee Oe raceme eee .ỐÔ
8 What would you do if you had a free year and a lot of money? Write three or more
sentences
| travel round the world Study 8O tO (other answers)
„ «t9 01111 và TK cà HT 0 1 9 5c 9t n0 110 8110 419 c8
PRO ree 0 oi Do HO ĐH OP PB ĐC 9 HO CC ĐC P on BH Đo 6 oi ĐÓ 9 Đo G 0oiớn o6 40 9 020040600 0006006090808 60 0040 ác 6 6 000 time BH (Ô ĐoÊn so ĐÓ PM 4 9 Áo Ác Ô 964 642 6 0À Ê g0 0.9 606626 A006
Re ĐÓ Đo Đo hoi Đo (CĐ 6 9m Đ ĐH 9, PB 90 00 BỌC ĐÓ TP HC PO GP HN NO 9 96 00 0 009 0 l0 00000 0 0i 0 44 8 0 0 In 0 904 0004 0 494 6 00 0e 0 42 thê 0 0 (009600 c
After | and we, we can use should with the same meaning as would in British English
If | had more time, | should/would learn the saxophone
Z" 2231
Trang 6If I go ., I will .; If I went ., I would
The difference between if | go and if | went (for example) is not a difference of time
We can use both if | go/see etc and if | went/saw etc to talk about the present or future
With if, a past tense does not mean ‘past time’; it means ‘not real’ or ‘not probable’
PROBABLE/ POSSIBLE NOT REAL/NOT PROBABLE
If | go to London, I'll visit Tony If | went to the moon, | would take a lot of photos
If | see Ann, I'll give her your address If | saw the Prime Minister, 1 would say ‘hello’
@ Choose the best sentence-beginning
> If lilive)/ lived to be 75,
1 If | live / lived to be 17S,
If dogs can / could talk,
If 1 go / went shopping next week,
If Switzerland starts / started a war against Australia,
If the government gives / gave everybody a month’s holiday with pay,
If you need / needed help one day,
If everybody gives / gave 10% of their money to poor countries,
If everybody thinks / thought the same as me,
If | am / was the most intelligent person in the world,
If prices go / went up next year,
Q Choose the best way to continue the sentences
——Ỗ
> I’m not going to open the window If I open Aopened'the window, it will /(would’be too noisy
> Maybe I’ll open a window But if [(0pe)/ opened a window, itCwill’/ would be very noisy
1 I’m going to get up early tomorrow If I have / had time, I'll / I’d walk to work
If | have / had time, I'll /I’d walk to work, but it’s just not possible
‘I may get a job in Germany.’ ‘If you get / got it, what will / would your boyfriend say?’
‘There’s a job in Germany, but I don’t think I'll get it.’ ‘If you get / got it, what will / would your boyfriend say?’
We never leave food on the table If we do / did, the cat will / would eat it
‘Shall | put this on the table?’ ‘If you do / did, the cat will / would eat it.’
I'l] probably go to university But if | go / went, 1 won’t / wouldn't earn any money for three years I’m not going to go to university If [ go / went to university, | wor’t / wouldn't earn any money for three years
The laws of work
1 If anything can go wrong, it will go wrong
2 If a job looks easy, it’s difficult If it looks difficult, it’s impossible
3 If you think a job will take two hours, it will take four days If you think it
will take four days, it will take eight weeks And so on
4 If you throw something away, you will need it the next day
5 If you do what everybody wants you to do, somebody won't like it
6 If you explain so clearly that nobody can misunderstand,
somebody will
—
232 lf
Trang 7If I were you,
We sometimes use were instead of was after if This is usually rather formal if ! were taller | would play basketball If John were here, he would know what to do We often say if | were you, | would / I'd ., when we want to give people advice If | were you, I'd get a new car ! wouldn't stand there if | were you @ write sentences with if | were you, using the expressions in the box call the police atonce fly notselit join aclub see adoctor Y take a holiday
VÌ 6n 1 anớ
(08.10 0i
‘Thaven’'t got any i2: ha
‘Shall I take the train to Scotland?” “Ï WOulÌd ch nhe ‘Somebody has stolen my Car.’ ‘TE oo ea.a
‘John wants to buy my motorbike.’ ‘Toe HH nh» nh HH HH TK kg nN & wh — eee eee ee eee eee +, Đ k9 6Ý“ h9 se nh 9e n SỐ , Ôn 16 V0 ng 6 n1 e he n9 1n , , Q John Baker has won a lot of money in the lottery His family and friends are giving him advice Look at the pictures and use the words in the box to complete the sentences buy a sports car buy a house Y_ give the money away have a big party put the money in the bank Start a business stop work travel round the world
B JOHN'S GIRLFRIEND: EE VERE YOu NA Diy A OUSE i ccccececscscecscseescssetscessescsevessveessevenes Ì HIS MOTHER: o ccccecccscecccscssscsescsessevsssssuesessscssscssscscacssasavavsvesasesesssssseessseecssisecatssecseseasseecanseees "N1 nh .Á
S1 oi 7a 6 ‹‹‹áia
4 HIS GRANDMOTHER: sa šs
` ›: 1 .3øốA1
SN so a6 “(((i(:(£{ä333)4
7 HIS FRIEND STEPHANIE: -.c 2S 2k2 1121212121 1112112 1111101121111 7.1111111T1x re
ÔÔÔÔÒÔỒÔÔÐÒỒ `
¬ errno enna taeens ¬
ÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÒÔỒ eee eee eee eee ¬
Trang 8could = ‘would be able to’ We could go cycling if
We can use could to mean ‘would be able to’
If you arrived early, we could talk about the meeting If Joe came, he could help with the dog
Sometimes we use could twice: once as a past tense (to say that something is not real / not probable), and once for would be able to
if | could sell my car, | could buy a computer
1) Complete the sentences with could and expressions from the box
ask herto help “get up late go and see him go cycling go to the cinema more often have breakfast in the garden tread the paper watch a ftlm write to Henry
> If Alice was here, wé.COKLA ASR her to Mel cece
> If | could find my glasses, COM!A Wed thé Paper oc cceceeteees
1 If John was at Nome, W€ LH HH TH TH nen kg ke
If the TV was WOrkiNg, W€ HH HT khen
lf it Was SatUTaV, Ï, TH kg
JÑ ¡07 9//i0 Hi
If I could fínd my address ĐÐOOk, - Q TH HH ng kh nh ky I0 lan, in rốn
ND
@ Andy is reading the job advertisements Unfortunately he can’t do much (see the box)
Look at the advertisements and write sentences with if he he could
Andy doesn’t speak Japanese / he doesn’t have a passport he can’t drive
he can’t cook he doesn’t like children he doesn’t like animals he can’t swim
> if he spoke japanese, ne coula get a joo at the Grand Hotel
1 If he could drive, 0.0.00 ST HH Hee at Calloway Ltd
2 eccccceseeceusescesueceususceeaeeeccuecessseecceuecseseucessneessueeesueesccaeeceseaeesseesesesacteeeeessaeesseeessnsecenees at Patterson Travel
TU CC ch Hán TT ng KT cọ TT Ki in 0T c1 0: 000 188001 51180015: 8 9805 8551150206 110 SH at Fred’s Café
ÂT Q.22 cn HH TH KH TT KT nọ ni n4 01 Họ tà 18013: 1816080188 0110 1 181 11g at Crowndale School
Occ TH nu nu TK 0K Ki in ng KT 10501 10C cv 81 9 11260 5 81016815 810182419115 1g at the Leisure Centre
required immediately needs energetic young = Par TERSON TRAVEL
at the Grand Hotel SALES ASSISTANT - Must have passport
Phone 69423 : licence Phone 33446 ` Hs
Welfare Officer = The Crry Zoo requires - The Leisure Centre
needed at Fred’s - required at Assistant Keeper ~ needs Attendant,
ome
Phone 88759
234 !f
Trang 9unreal past If a had happened, b would have happened
we use if to talk about unreal past events — things that didn’t happen - we use the past perfect and would have + past participle
# + PAST PERFECT WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
ifthe weather had been better, we would have gone to the sea (But it wasn’t, so we didn’t.)
lfyou had asked me, | would have helped you (But you didn’t, so | didn’t.)
if Mary had seen you what would you have said? (But she didn’t.)
if she hadn’t gone Skiing, she wouldn't have fallen and broken her leg (But she did.)
0 Put in the correct verb forms
1 IlÍTI here yesterday, ! would have come to see you (be)
2 IfJoe harder, he would have passed his exams (work)
3 lfyou a map with you, you wouldn’t have got lost (take)
4 _We would have won the game iÍ we so badly (not play)
5 _If] had gone to university, Ì medicine and become a doctor (study)
Ô ceie YOU ií you had driven more sÌowly? (crash)
7 YOU badly if you hadn’t drunk al! that coffee (not sleep)
8 líyou on holiday with us, you a wonderful time (come; have)
9 ]f my car pL QuK KH v kén here at 8 o'clock (rrot break down; be)
]0 VOU harder at school last year if you the teachers? (study; like)
11 She married if she to leave home (not get; not want)
12_ VOU me if Ï you? (help; ask)
0 Getting up early is bad for you Read the text in the box and make sentences
get up early — catch the 8.15 train — sit by a beautiful foreign woman
-» fall in love and marry her -» go to live in her country — work in her father’s diamond business
—» become very rich —> go into politics —» die in a revolution
18.666 6006560460906 %000090 2606006005900 6/0 9v 0625060162000 0 0.0 sơn thề 6600049060402 00200406 066094660046 666 và ê 6e 8
© Hot weather is good for you Read the text and complete the sentences
It was hot, so my mother opened the door A cat came in and ate her supper, so she went to the shop to buy food In the shop she saw an advertisement for a secretary So she got a new job, and met my father I’m glad it was a hot day!
m iit hnadu’t beew hot, muy.mother wouldw’t Wave CROAEA cece the door
1 Tf she hadn't opened the door, the Cat Ăn ằ her supper
3¬ h€r SUDDT, Q HH nen «nh nh Hư the shop
ST the shop, ào en the advertisement
Ta the advertisemenI, cà a new job
F2 2-34 my father
Trang 10test yourself if
@ Use if to put these sentences together in two ways
I need help I ask my brother
> I’m sure John Will Mele i you if you ask him (help)
1 lÝyou your glasses, you would see much better (cleart)
2 _Ì and see you tomorrow if I have time (come)
3 lí she spoke more slowly, perhaps I her (understand)
4 Ifyou at 12.00, you will arrive at 3.20 (leave)
ST Quy xxx my car if I needed money (sell)
© Correct (/) or not (xX)?
> | get up and watch TV if I can’t sleep 3 If he would eat more, he wasn’t so thin
1 I'll be very happy if I'll pass the exam 4 If I don’t see you today, I see you tomorrow
2 If she’s from Greece, she speaks Greek
Q Choose the best way to continue the sentences
1 I’m not going to buy a car If I buy / bought a car, | will / would spend al] my money on it
2 Maybe I'll go and see Sandra But if I go / went and see / saw her, I'll / I’d have to talk to her stupid brother
3 My parents live a long way away If they live / lived nearer, ] will / would see them more often
4 We're going to stay at home this evening If we go / went out, we won't / wouldn't do anything
interesting
Rewrite these sentences with unless
1 You can’t go there if you don’t have a ViSa LQ TQ HH» HH TH HH Hà cha
2 If you don’t go now, U'Il call the pỌiC€ TQ HH TH in in KH
Correct (/) or not (x)?
If | could cook, I could get a job in a restaurant
You won't catch the bus unless you don’t run
If it didn’t rain, | would have played tennis
I would put on a sweater if I were you
Everything would have been OK if I hadn’t Jost my keys
oP Put in the correct verb forms
1 IÝI coffee last night, I better (not drink; sleep)
2 lí my parents more money, Ì to university
after | left school (have; go)
3 Annie to Brazil last year if she Pete (go; not meet)
More difficult questions
236 IF