Unit 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY (Language Focus)

Exercise 1 Rewrite the following sentences, using a present participial phrase. .. who is playing.[r]

SOURCES OF ENERGY

Unit 11

Language Focus

GRAMMAR

RELATIVE CLAUSES

REPLACED BY

PARTICIPLES AND TO

INFINITIVES

Active meaning

The man to John is my brother.

The man speaking to John is my brother

V3/ed

Ving

Relative

clause

reduced

by

To V

Passive meaning

The students punished by the teachers are lazy.

The students by the teacher are lazy.

the first, the second…

the last, the only,

superlative (the_est)

Yuri Gagarin was man into space.

Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.

This is person the job This is the third person to be offered the job.

who spoke

V ing

who were punished

V 3/ed

the first who flew

To V

the third who was offered

be +V 3/ed

To be V 3/ed

Practice 1

Exercise 1 Rewrite the following sentences, using a

present participial phrase. 

who is playing The boy the piano is Ben.1

2

Do you know the woman towards us?who is coming

 The boy playing the piano is Ben.

 Do you know the woman coming towards us?

3 The people for the bus in the rain are

getting wet

 The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting

wet

who are waiting

4

5

6

The scientists the causes of cancer are making

progress

 The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making

progress

The fence our house is made of wood

 The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.

We have an apartment

the park

 We have an apartment overlooking the park.

who are researching which surrounds

which overlooks

Exercise 2 Rewrite the following sentences, using a

past participial phrase. 

which are presented The ideas in that book are interesting.1

2

I come from a city in the southern part of the country.that is located

 The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.

3 They live in a house in 1980

 They live in a house built in 1980

that was built

4

5

6

The photographs in the newspaper were

extraordinary

 The photographs published in the newspaper were

extraordinary

The experiment at the University of Chicago was successful

 The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was

successful

They work in a hospital by the

government

 They work in a hospital sponsored by the government.

which were published

which was conducted

which was sponsored

Exercise 3 Rewrite the following sentences, using a

past participial phrase. who reached

John was man the top of the mountain.1

2

person the room must turn off the light.who leaves

 John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain.

 The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.

3 person is Mr Smith

 The first person to see is Mr Smith.

that we must see

4

5

This is person in that way

 This is the second person to be killed in that way.

person the ball will be the winner

 The fist person to catch the ball will be the winner

who was killed who catches

the last The last

The first

the second The first

Practice 2