Chi chap nhan nhflng gi ma theo sfl the nghiem trfle tiep ciia ban than, dem lai h a n h phuc eho minh va tat ca mgi ngfldi khac, thi hay thfla nhan nhflng diem ay la chan li va hay[r]
Trang 1Nghien curu Ton giao Sd9 - 2009 13
£ao Phat - Sao Con ngiroi
DO Dirc THINH'*'
D i u la ai doc sich Phat, deu rang rd
niem vui khi thay Phat de eae cii
Tam chu te, de cao pham gia tam linh
CON N G l / d l Dieu nay the hien rat rd
qua Phdm Song Yeu, p h i m md d i u Kinh
P h i p Cu: "Trdng cic phap, tam dan dau,
tam lam chu, tam tao tac" Chi trong mot
ciu, "Tim" xuat hien ba l i n vdi chflc
nang va pham each k h i c nhau
Mot sfl that hien nhien lay thflc nhflng
ai tflng di ve vdi cfla Khong - san Trinh:
"Tim" cfla Dfle Phat hda dieu vdi "Tam"
Nho giao, de dao Phat va dao Nho chung
mot to am: "Tim chu tfl" la trii tim chfla te
cua CON N G l / d l chu tri toan bd the gidi
tam linh bao gom ca tinh cim, tri tue va y
chi nghi Iflc Cho nen, ai da qua Nho giio,
dgc cau "Trong cac phip, tam dan diu, tam
lam chu, tam tao tie", lien reo vang trong
diu cau ndi cua nha cfl Nho Vfldng Dfldng
Minh: "Tim gia nhi't than chi chu te, tinh
chi phat", y nghi la tri tue cung tfl dd ma cd
dfldc, va cung tfl dd s i n sinh y chi nghi Iflc
Vay nen, mdt Phat tfl, mdt Nho si, cung
nhfl nhflng sd'kiep tran gian ma bao ddi da
tim trdng li nghi Nho giio, dung den
"tam" la dung den nhflng gi thieng lieng
cao ca cung dong thdi dm bao uan khue
thfldng dau ciia CON NGLfC)!
"Tim d i n d i u " la trflde va tren t i m
cha cd gi ca L i tam, cung la CON
NGLTC)! mang cai tam chua te ay, dau dgi
trdi c h i n dap dat dflng gifla vdng vu tru bao la thflc thi thien chflc Cung cd nghia, tam dfl s i n g sudt thich Ung trUdc mgi thfl
t h i c h cua hoan canh, khdng he chd ddi ngoai lai Ndi theo quan niem Phat giao,
la tam du s i n g sudt de nhan rd "vui thanh cao hay vui thd trflde", "buon thanh cao, hay buon thd trUdc", hay
"khdng vui khdng buon thanh cao" hoac
"khdng vui khdng buon thd trUdc" Ndi ggn lai, "Tam dan dau" la tam tri tue, y thflc rd t i m vdc va chflc nang cfla minh trflde n h i n sinh vu tru va ludn ludn" tuy
ki thdi tfly ki the tuy ki cinh, tfly ngd nhi yen" la ludn cu the tinh hud'ng de thich flng trdn diy, ma vdng hao quang
"thich flng trdn day" ay da chat chfla bao anh hoa tri tue va uan khflc nhan tinh
"Tim lam chu" la cii tam khdng nghieng nga trflde mgi ghenh t h i c the gian, mac dfl khdng thieu nhflng ma quy hung than xd day La cai tam du sflc manh vfldt len tren mgi thfl trd lan dieu the tuc de xdc tdi, tfl mdt y chi b i n linh rat tfl tdn tfl trgng
Cii phdng "lam chu" tfly thudc vao li tfldng sd'ng cua CON NGl/C)! Mdt ca nhan bfldc vio ddi ludn ndm ndp lo gifl khdng nghieng n g i de bao toan pham cich tfl tdn tfl trgng thien bam da dep, vay ma Dfle The Tdn bfldc vao ddi lai ludn
* Thanh phd My Tho tinh Tien Giang
Trang 214 Nghien cuu Ton giao So 9 - 2009 ndm ndp lo gifl h a n h phuc ciia nhan quan
xa hdi, lo nghi each te do nhan loai chflng
sinh: "Tuy la gidi cua ta che, nhflng d dia
phfldng k h i c khdng cho la thanh tinh thi
deu khdng dUdc dung Tuy chang phai la
gidi ta che, nhUng d dia phUdng k h i c phai
nen l i m thi khdng dUdc chang lam", di cai
phdng "lam chfl" cua Ngfldi menh mang
nhfl trdi bien bao la Va tfl cii phdng "lim
chfl" cfla Ngfldi toat len mdt li tfldng
sd'ng: Mgi viec lam deu tfly thudc vao nhu
c i u thflc te khach quan, de tfl dd ndi rd
mdt quan diem duy vat rat tri tue
Cai phdng "lim chu" cfla mdt t i m vdc
ludn tim kiem each te do nhan loai chflng
sinh Cd Iflc nd trai ra menh mang trdi
bien, va cd khi nd ddi hdi mdt dfle hi sinh
cao vdi vdi nhfl t h i p tru, lam cho mgi
vgng ngdn ta dao phai run sd: "Bo T i t
dao rat khd, ta da khdng tiec than mang
hi sinh ri't nhieu de cflu do chung sinh
-Lim mdt vi Bo T i t di nhien khdng dfldc
lam i c va tao tdi, nhflng vi cflu do chung
sinh cflng quye't khdng sd, vi cflu dd
chflng sinh ma chinh minh phai lam ac
va tao tdi" Oi! Mudn kiep khdng md
Nhat la khi Ngfldi, Dfle The Tdn, tfl
"chfl" vflt bd ngai vang lau son gac tia,
nfla dem len nhin cha gia, vd dai, con thd
qua khe ciia, roi lang le dan than vao
mudn trflng gian nguy khd' hanh de tim
dfldng cflu do nhan loai chflng sinh, thiet
nghi cdi tran gian nay khd cd gi de so
s i n h
"Tam tao t i e " vdi tam tao tic, Dfle The
Tdn chi giao cho de tfl hai dieu: "Mgt,
trong "Tap A Ham" quyen 4, Ngai
khuyen mgi ngfldi; phai cd phfldng tien
nghe nghiep du de tfl mflu sinh Hai, la
"tao" dflng mdt sfl nghiep, hay "tie" hanh
trong mgt sfl nghiep nao dd, tac la di vao
thflc hien fldc md hoai bao, phai het minh vdi dau de s i n g "tao", tuyet ddi khdng theo dfldng mdn, ldi eu Va Ngfldi da chi giao ve yeu cau nay, mdt chi giao danh thep nhfl ldi Tuyen ngdn: "Dflng vdi tin mdt dieu gi vi dd la truyen thd'ng, vi dfldc ghi trong sach hoac dfldc suy luan theo Idglch ddn gian, hoac la do hieu biet hdi hdt, hoac la do hflng thfl vao mgt hgc thuyet nao dd, hoac la vi dieu ay cd ve thi'ch hdp, hoac la vi kinh trgng mdt bac dao sfl Chi chap nhan nhflng gi ma theo sfl the nghiem trfle tiep ciia ban than, dem lai h a n h phuc eho minh va tat ca mgi ngfldi khac, thi hay thfla nhan nhflng diem ay la chan li va hay sd'ng theo chan
li ay" (Kinh Kalama, trang 189)
Li tfldng cua Dfle The Tdn la sd'ng het minh vdi "chan If ma "chan If phai the nghiem trfle tiep cua ddi minh, vdi muc dich "dem lai hanh phflc cho minh va tat
ca mgi ngfldi khic"
Chi mdt net khac hga "Tim dan dau, tam lam chu, tam tao tic", ma ndi len mgt hinh tfldng cao vgi gifla nhan sinh vu tru, vdi vang t r a n tinh lang trflde mgi khdn nguy ma ca ma quy hung than phai run sd, vdi anh mat dam am dm ap ca the gian Nha't la, hinh tfldng ay dfldc coi la, tfl khang dinh la nguon gd'c cua mgi nghiep bao the gian:
- Ndi n a n g va h a n h dgng vdi tam
t h a n h tinh, sfl vui se theo nghiep keo den nhfl bdng theo hinh - Ndi nang va
h a n h ddng vdi Tam d nhiem, kho dau se theo nghiep keo den nhfl b a n h xe lan theo dau chan con thfl keo xe - Nhflng
ai khdng sa vao khoai lac, khdn kheo nhiep hd sau can, an udng sinh hgat dieu do, vflng tin va sieng nang, nhfl nui da trflde cac lan gid Nhflng ai chi
Trang 3D6 Dure Thinh Dao Phdt - Dqo Con ngiidi 15
lan vao khoii lac khdng chiu nhiep hd
s i u can, an udng sinh hoat vd do, bieng
nhac chang tinh can, c h i khac canh
mem trflde cdn gid ldc
Dd la may cau tieu bieu trong 20 bai
ke cua Phdm Song Yeu, pham md dau
Kinh Phdp Cu r i n g , mgi ndi vui sfldng
hay kho dau, thg trfldng hay yeu chiet,
thanh t h i n ung dung hay day dflt flu
phien , nha't nha't deu de nghiep bad tfl
sfl sd'ng, cich sd'ng cua CON NGLTOI
Tuyet nhien khdng he cd chuyen ngoai
lai Cd nghia, ddi la chudi dai nhflng qua
bao "Thien gia thien lai, i c gia ac bio"
Dfle The Tdn de cao Tam chua te la
nguon gd'c mgi qua bao nhan sinh trong bdi
canh nfldc An Do hien ton bd'n giai cap:
giio si, vua chua, ndng thfldng va nd le ha
lflu, ma Idp giao si va vua chua dam dap
len quyen sd'ng CON NGLfOI cha khic gi
thfl vat Lai cdn T h i n Pham Thien uy linh
tdi thfldng, tfl quyet mgi ndi the gian, than
phan CON NGLfC)! lee teo cha khic cai
cudng r i c ben dfldng Gifla bdi canh ay,
Dfle The Tdn nhin CON NGl/Ol mang cii
Tam chua te la nguon gd'c mgi q u i bio
nhan sinh Ro rang, CON NGLfOl "Tim
dan diu, tam lam ehu, tam tao tic" cua
Dfle The Tdn cd dia vi tdn nghiem vfldt len
tren mgi giai cap xa hgi An Do, ngang t i m
Thin Pham Thien, sflng sflng gifla vu tru
bao la, tfl quye't moi qua bao cua ddi minh
Da the, Dfle The Tdn cdn trao cho CON
NGLTdl danh nghia "Mdi ngfldi la mgt
Thfldng Decua chinh minh" (trang 95)
Nhin ra, ta thay cic tdn giio khudn
minh trong vdng cfldng tda: Quyet dinh sfl
sd'ng chet, vui buon, thg yeu, giau ngheo cua kiep ngfldi, la nhd lfldng ThUdng De, Chua Trdi, T h i n T h i n h Rieng Dfle The Tdn lai k h i n g dinh CON NGl/Ql tfl quyet mgi qua bio cfla ddi minh, rd rang Dao Phat la Dao CON NGUt)L • ^ « ^* ' Hinh tfldng cad vdi vdi gifla nhan sinh vu tru, vUdt len tren cic giai cap xa hdi An Do dUdng thdi, ngang t i m Thin Pham Thien,
v i dUdc chinh Dfle The Tdn phong tang
"Moi ngfldi l i mdt Thfldng De cua chi'nh minh" ay, l i luong hio quang rflc sing bao quanh luan de 'Trong cac phap, tam dan diu, tam lam chu, tam tao tie" va chi'nh la tam gfldng cho mgi Idp ngfldi thay rd dinh phan cua ddi minh Va cao hdn, ddi hdi mgi Idp ngfldi tfl quyet dinh phan cua minh Vui hay buon? Thg hay yeu? Giau hay ngheo? Day dflt kho dau hay ung dung thanh than?
la chi'nh anh, la chinh Thfldng De tam linh anh tfl quye't
Ma cha cd gi huyen bi, xa la Hoii Nam Tfl ndi: "Tich vu nhu t i c cfldng Tich
vu nhUdc t i c cUdng Quan ki sd tich, tri hga phflc chi hfldng", song mem deo kheo leo thi tfl minh lam chu ddi minh, cung cd nghia sd'ng hung han bao tan la tfl hiiy diet Nhin cich sd'ng ciia anh, da thay ro phuc hga ngay mai cua anh roi Tien si
T r i n Dfle Cdng ndi: "The gidi khich quan
se khdng cdn phai l i khach quan nfla neu
ta nhan thay nd chi la "sin phim" cua A lai da thflc cua chung ta, vi vay "tao" va vat "thg tao" la "mdt" The gidi khich quan chi l i hien hflu tam gfldng quy luat qua bid cua CON NGl/C)! Lieu m i sd'ng,
de tieng thdm song mai./