Trong nhltng sdch d6, cac th[ nghi€m hi€n ffting thtdng dtoc trinh bay hodc ld trong m6t chrtci,,g ngd,n., lzodc la rai rac ii cac phtin cdn xng dUrg.Voi nhltng cu6n sach, co chi d0, chu
Trang 2LOI NOI DAU
Trong nhltng ndm gdn dAy da c6 m6t s6'sach ue Co hoc dflt ud Ndn mong dtoc xuat ban Trong nhltng sdch d6, cac th[ nghi€m hi€n ffting thtdng dtoc trinh bay hodc ld trong m6t chrtci,,g ngd,n., lzodc la rai rac ii cac phtin cdn xng dUrg.Voi nhltng cu6n sach, co chi d0, chung do, dung ltQng ctic d0 muc ldm cho ui6c trinh bay cac thi nghi\m hi€n trxing kho co thd ki cang, day du
Cbn trong thxc hanh, theo ccim nhdn cia chrtng fii, nhi6u kit sx, cd, nh[tng ngtiti lam khdo sat ud nhttng ngtrcti phdn ttch thiAl kA', chta chrt bong nhi\u d€n thl nghi|m hi€n tning Cu6n sach Thi nghiim ddi hi|n tuing vd nrg dung trong phdn tich na'n mdng trinh bdy chuy/n u0 tht nghiAm dit hiln txdng Tuy udy khtii niAm "th{ nghi|m hiAn tuxirng" rdt r6ng ua phon.g phi, n|n 6 day ching toi chl trinh bdy ky hon u€ nhttng tht ngh.iAm dxctc dilng pttd Urcn nhd't Mdt s6'khia canh chuy1n sd,u chta duoc d0 cqp dAn nht cach xdc dinh nd.ng ltong hltu ich cila SPT dxa uao thiAt bi SPTPC, crich chua'n hori thiet bi ECPT, hay cach ti|n hanh thf nghi\m fi€u tan dp lqc nxoc 16 r6ng ct)a CPTU (piezocone)
Ching t6i danh phdn chn ! dang k0 cho uidc dilng cdc k€| qud thf nghi€m hiAn fixdng trong phdn tlch n€n mong Trong sach da gi6i thiAu rdt nhiOu cric txdng quan thtc nghiAm cia nhiAu ffic giit ud hr nhi€u nguon khcic nhau Chrtng tei nghl rdng, nAu cdn ct ud,o cdc dd,c trxng ugtt ly, co st phdn loai dat thfch hop thi cung co thd dt"tng kinh nghi€m cua nhttng ngxoi nghiAn ctu khdc Ngtoi phdn tich co thd dilng nhi€u cach diAn dich mit k\t qud chd.c kh6ng hodn todn trilng nhau, nhxng no cho ph6p ta chon lxa gia tri hop ly cho dd.c irtlng cila ddt
md ta mu6n danh giri
Tril thr nghi€m xuy€n ti€u chudn, cdc th[ nghiAm kh.dc thxdng la rat it clilng, thdm chi hod,n tod.n chta dxoc dilng d nxoc ta Nhxng ViAt Nam ta nhat dinh phai phtit tridr cac thi nghi€m dat hi€n trting Hy ugng sach nd,y se gdy dtoc stt chi y noi nhttng ngtdi khao sdt xdy dttng, nhltng ngxdi trJ udn thiAt kA'xdy dtng
ua nhtng ngxoi qud,n Iy xay d,/ng
Mdc dil ngxdi uiAi dd hAt st?c c6'giing trong quti trith biAn soan, nhung do nhftng hidu biei cdn han ch€'ud kinh nghiAm thi [t 6i, n\n chd.c chd:n cu6n sdch ndy cbn nhiAu thi€u sot Ching tbi rdt mong nhdn dttoc srt gop y cua d6c giri
Cric t6c giri
Trang 3M U C L U C
L o t N O t O A U 3
M U C L U C 4
K Y H | E U 1 3 c A c T H U N G U Y E N T H U O N G D U N G 1 4 CHIJONG 7 TOM TAT XI TT THUC DlA KV THUAT CO BAN 1.1 cAC riNs cnAr co Lv .11
1 1 1 T i n h c h t ' t v a t li 1 7 1 1 2 T f n h n 6 n h i n 1 8 I 1 2 1 D O lf n c o k e t th a m d n d i n h 1 9 I 1 2 2 D 6 h i n c d k d t th d m t h e o t h d i g i a n 2 2 1 1 2 3 D 0 h i n t r l c th d i 2 2 1 1 2 4 D d l f n t i t b i d n 2 3 1 1 2 5 H 0 s d n d n 2 3 1 1 3 H e s d 6 p lu c n g a n g t l n h K 0 2 4 1 1 4 S r i c c h d n g c i t c r i a d d t 2 4 1 1 4 1 S r i c c h d n g c i t c i r a d d t s 6 t 2 4 1.I.4.2 Srlc ch6ng c6t cia ddt c6t .25
1.1.5 Ty sd fng suAt chu trinh (khdng chdn) .25
1.2 TI-IONG QUAN GrIIA CAC rixU CnAr CO LY CUA DAr .26
1.2.1 Tuong quan gifra chi sd d6o PI vdi srlc kh6ng cit S" .26
1.2.2 Tuong quan v6i tinh bidn dang cria ddt .27
1.2.2.1 Tucrng quan gifra hO sd Poisson (n& hdng) vd q, PI .27
l 2 2 2 M 6 d u n k h O n g t h o 6 t n u d c c i r a s 6 t 2 7 1 2 2 3 C h i s d n 6 n : , , 2 8 1.2.3 H0 sd 6p lgc ngang tlnh Ko vI h0 sd qu6 cd kdt OCR .28
Trang 4MUC LUC
1 2 3 1 H 0 s o q u i i c d k e t O C R c i r a c i i t 2 9 1.2.3.2 H€ sd 6p luc ngang tinh K v) h€ sd qu6 co ket OCR cira ddt s6t 30
1 2 3 3 N h i n x 6 t v d g i 6 t r i K 0 3 2
1 2 4 S f r c k h d n e c a t c i r a d a t - ' - - - - " - 3 3
1.1,1,1' $ft mn Mt tron6 9 cua dat ci{t "" ' 33 ,
}H;JONG 2' THi NGHIEM xuYEN CoN (CPT)
2 1 G I o l r H I E U " " " " " " " " " ' 4 1
2 1 1 - N g u y € n l i " " " " " " ' " " " " " " " " 4 1
z r L - L i c h s u C P T - - - " ' - " " " " " " " " " ' 4 1
2.2.1 Cic thd.nh phdn cia thiel bi 45
2 2 2 C h o n d d s A u m d x u y 6 n c 6 t h d ld m v i 6 c 4 5 2.2.3 Thf nghi€m xuyon c6n do bang co hoc (MCpr - Mechanical cone
P e n e t r a t i o n T e s t ) 4 6 2.2.4 Thf nghi€m xuy6n c6n do bang di€n ECPT (Electric Cone
P e n e t r a t i o n T e s t ) 4 7 2.2.4.1 F,6o hoi vdng dd thdm trong CW\J 49 2.2.4.2 Hi€u chinh srlc kh6ng mfri rrong CPTU 50
2 2 5 C h u d n h o i { s d d e c 5 1
2.3.1 C6c tinh chdt vat lf dua tr6n ket qui CpT .54
2 3 1 1 P h A n l o a i d d t d u a tr O n k d t q u i C p T 5 4 2.3.1.2 Dr4nh gi6 trang th6i cira dat dua trOn kdt qui CpT .5g 2.3.2 Dr{nh gi6 tinh tham cira ddt dua tr6n kdt quA CpT .61 2.3.3 D6nh gizi tinh bidn dang cfra ddt dua rron kdt qui cpr 61
Trang 51 2 3 1 H 0 s d q u i l c o k e t O C R c f r a c i i t 2 9
| 2.3.2 H€ sd 6p luc ngang trnh K" vI h€ sd quii cd kdt OCR c[ra dat s6t 30
1 2 3 3 N h A n x 6 t v d g i r i tr i K 0 3 2
1 2 4 S i c k h d n g c i t c f r a d d t 3 3
1.2.4.2 Sric khr{ng cit cira ddt s6t 34
1.3 TOM rAr SUC cHrU TAr DOC CUA COC DON 37
1 3 1 T h i d t k d c o c r h e o r i n g s u A t ( h a y s r l c c h i u ti i ) c h o p h 6 p 3 7 1.3.2 Thiet kd coc theo ho s6 thinh phdn (LRFD - Load and Resisrarii
F a c t o r D e s i g n ) 3 9
cHuoNG 2.THi NcHtEM XUYEN Con (CpT)
2 1 1 N g u y e n l y
2 1 2 L i c h s i r C P I 4 1
2 2 1 C 6 c th d n h p h d n c i r a t h i e t b i 4 5
2 2 2 C h o n d 6 s A u m ) x u y O n c 6 t h d ll m v i € c 4 5 2.2.3 Thi nghiOm xuyOn c6n do bang co hoc (MCpr - Mechanical cone
P e n e t r a t i o n T e s t ) 4 6 2.2.4 Thi nghiOm xuy€n cdn do bang diOn ECPT (Electric Cone
P e n e t r a t i o n T e s t ) 4 1 2.2.4.1 86o ho) vdng d6 tham rrong CpTU 49 2.2.4.2 Hi0u chinh sfc kh6ng mfri trong CPTU 50
2 2 5 C h u d n h o 6 s d d e c 5 1
23.UAC TfNH cAc cHi TIEU Co LV CUA DAT DUA TREN
K E T Q U A C P T 5 4 2.3.1 C6c rfnh chdt vat lf dua tren kdt qui CpT 54 2.3.1.1 PhAn loai ddt dua rr0n kdt qui Cpt 54 2.3.1.2 Drinh gi6trang th6i cria dat dua tr6n kdt quriL CpT .5g 2.3.2 D6nh gi6 rinh thAm cria ddt dua tr6n kdt qui CpT .61 2.3.3 Ddnh gi6 tfnh bidn dang cira ddt dua tr6n kdt qui CpT 61
Trang 6THI NGHIEM DAT HICN TRUONG VA UNG DUNG TRONG PHAN TfCH NEN M6NG
2.3.3.1 Ddnh gii{ mOdun bien clarng cfra cdt dua tr6n ket qui CPT 6 t
2.3.3.2 D6nh giri modun d)n hdi (tric thdi) cira s6t dua tr6n kdt quir CW 62
2.3.3.3 Ddnh gid mddun bidn dang cira s6t dua tr€n kdt qui CFrf 64
2 3 3 4 D d n h g i 6 n r 6 d u n c 5 t d u a tr d n k e t q u a C P T 6 5 2.3.4 Drinh gi:i he so i{p luc ngang tinh K.vd h€ sd quii c6 kdt OCR 66
2.3.4.1 D6nh gi6 hc sd Ko cria ddt cdt dua tr€n kdt qui CPT 66
2.3.4.2 D6nh gi6 he s6 Ko vd OCR cua dat s6t dua trOn kdt qurl CPT 67
2.3.5 D6nh gi6 sfc kh6ng cit crja dat dua tr€n ket qui CPT .10
2.3.5.1 D6nh giri sric kh6ng cit cua ddt c6t dua tr€n ket quA CF t 70
2.3.5.2 Ddnh gi6 sfc khdng cit crla ddt s6t dua trOn kdt qui CPf 72
2.'3.6 D6nh gi6 tinh bidn loing cfra ddt c6t dua tr€n ket quii CPT .74
2.4 LNG DUNG TRr.J C TrEP KET QUA CPT VAO rndr rE M O N G N o N G 7 s 2.4.1 Du b6o sric chiu tii cria ndn dua tr6n kdt qui CPT 75
2 4 1 1 C d c h t f n h c i r a S c h m e r t m a n n ( 1 9 7 8 ) 7 5 2.4.1.2 C6ch tfnh cfra Schmertmann dua tr€n Terzaghi cho ndn crit 76
2 4 1 3 C i { c h t ( n h c i r a M e y e r h o f ( 1 9 5 6 ) c h o n d n c d t 7 6 2 4 I 4 C 6 c h t i n h c u a T a n d , F u n e g a r d v d B r i a u d ( 1 9 8 6 ) c h o n d n s e t 7 6 2 4 2 D u b 6 o d o l ( n d n d i n h c & a m 6 n g d u a tr 6 n k d t q u i r C P T l 7 2 4 2 1 C 6 c h t i n h c i r a M e y e r h o f c h o n d n c 6 t 7 7 2.4.2.2, C 6 c h t i n h c u a S c h r n e r t m a n n c h o n d n c d t 7 7 2 4 2 3 C 6 c h t i n h c [ r a B u i s m a n v i D e B e e r c h o n d n c 6 t 7 9 2.5 UNc DUNG 16r QUA Cpr VAO DLJ BAO SUC CHrU rAl nOC C U A C O C 8 0 2 5 1 C i i c h t i n h c r l a L C P C c h o m o i l o a i c o c 8 0 2 5 1 1 C 6 c h t f n h L C P C c f r ( 1 9 8 2 ) ( T C X D 2 0 5 - 1 9 9 8 ) t t O 2 5 1 2 C 6 c h t i n h L C P C m 6 i ( 1 9 8 3 - 1 9 9 2 ) : 8 0 2.5.2 C6ch tfnh cira Schmertmann CPT cho coc che sin 84
? 5.3 C6ch tinh cira De Ruiter vd Beringen cho coc chd sdn 86
2 5 4 C 6 c h t i n h A l s a m m a n ( 1 9 9 5 ) c h o c o c n h d i 8 7 z.6.vi DU TfNH TOAN 88
2 6 1 V i d u 1 : D d c tr u n g c d 1 i 8 9
2 6 1 L P h A n l o a i d d t 8 9
Trang 72 6 1 2 D 6 n h g i S t r a n g t h 6 i 9 1
2 6 1 3 D 6 n h g i 6 s f c k h r { n g c i t 9 2
2 6 1 4 " D 6 n h g i r l h C s d K s , O C R 9 2
2 6 1 5 D 6 n h g i 6 m 6 d u n b i d n d a n g f t d c i y e u to t i r b i e n ) 9 3
2 6 1 6 D r i n h g i r { h C s d P o i s s o n 9 3
2 6 2 V f d u 2 : M 6 n g n 0 n g 9 3
2 6 2 1 D u b r i o s i r c c h i u te i 9 3
2 6 2 2 D u b 6 o d o h i n 9 5
2 6 3 V i d u 3 : S r l c c h i u ti i c [ r a m 6 n g c 9 c 9 8
2.6.3.1 C6ch tfnh De Ruiter vd Berinsen 98
2.6.3.2 Cdch tinh Schmertmann: 100
2 6 3 3 C 6 c h t i n h L C P C m 6 i l 0 l 2.7 TRiNH BAY KgT euA
2.8 DO TIN CAY CUA THi NGHIEM CPT
2.9 GIA THANH 2.10 NHI]NG CAI TIEN MOI VOI THi NGHIEIU CPT a 2 I 1 T O M T A T T H I N G H I E M C P T
cHuaNG 3 THi NGHTEM XUYEN T|EU CHUAN (SPT) 3.1 GIOI THIEU 3 1 1 N g u y e n l y
3 1 2 L i c h s i l S P ' I
3.2 Nor DUNG THi NGHrnrU Spr .
3.2.1 Cdc thinh phdn cfra thidt bi 3 2 2 T r i n h t u t h i n g h i O m
3 2 3 C h u d n h o 6 s d d q c
3.3 UOC riNu cAc cui TGU CO Lf CUA DAT DUA TREN KdT Q U A S P T .
3.3.1 D6nh gri cic tfnh chAt vAt lf dua trOn kdt qui SPT .
3.3.1.1 D6nh gi6 dQ chat tucrng ddi cira dat rdi dua trOn kct qui SPT
3.3.1.2 D6nh gi6 trang th6i cira ddt dfnh dua tr6n kdt qui SPI
3.3.2.D6nh gi6 tfnh bi6n dang ctra dAt dua tr€n kdt quA SFT
1 0 9
i 0 9
1 0 9
1 1 0
1 1 0
1 1 0
l l l
1 1 3
1 1 3
l 1 3
t t 4
l l 5
r02
1 0 5 105
1 0 6
rc]
Trang 8THINGHIEM OAT HIEN TRUdNG VA UNG DUNG TRONG PHAN TICH NEN M6NG
3-3.2.1 Drinh gi6 mddun biOn dang cfia c6t dua tr€n kdt qua spr I l5 3.3.2.2 Dr{nh gi6 modun ddn hdi tric thdi cria s6t dua rr6n kdt qui SPT I l6 3.3.2.3 D6nh gi6 m6dun bidn dang cira s6t dua trOn kdt qui SpT l l6 3.3.2.4 D6nh gi6 m6dun cit cria dAt dua tr€n kdt qui SpT I l6 3.3.3 D6nh gi6 he sd Ko vh OCR ctra ddt dua rrcn kdr qui SpT I l6 3.3.3.1 D6nh gi6 hC s6 Ko vh OCR ddt c6t dua trOn kdt qui SpT 116 3.3.3.2 D6nh gi6 hc sd Ko v) OCR ddt s6t dua tr6n kdt qui SpT l17 3.3.4 Dr{nh gi6 sfc kh6ng cit cira ddt dua tr€n kdt qui SpT 11g 3.3.4.1 D6nh gir{ srlc kh6ng citctaddtcltdua tren kdt qui s["r I lg 3.3.4.2 D6nh gir{ sfc kh6ng cit ctra ddt s6t dua rrOn kdt qui sF'r I l9 3-3.5 D6nh gi6 khi ndng bidn loSng cira dat dua rr€n kdt qui sP.f 1zo
3.4 LNG DUNG TRU C TrEp Kdr QUA Spr vAo rnr6r 16
3.4.1 D6nh gi6 srlc chiu tii clra ndn dua rrOn kdt qui SpT I2l 3.4.2 Du b6o d0 hin dua rr€n kdt quA SFrI l2l 3.4.2.1 Cr{ch tinh cfia Burland vi Burbridge; m6ng trOn ndn ddt hat tho I2l 3.4.2.2 C6ch tfnh cira D'Appolonia; m6ng tr€n ndn ddt hat rh6 122
3 4 2 3 C 6 c h t i n h c i r a H o u g h ; m 6 n g rr 0 n n d n d A t h a t rh 6 1 2 3
3.4.2-5 Nghi0n criu c[ra FHWA vd do rin cay cia c6c c6ch tinh rz4
3.5 LrNc DUNG VAO DUBAO SUC CHrU TAr CUA CgC 126
3.5.1 c6ch tfnh cira Meyerhof (ddr rdi) cho coc chd sin vd coc nhdi 126
3 5 1 1 S r l c k h 6 n g b d n 1 2 6
3 5 1 2 S f c k h 6 n g m f r i t Z 6 3.5.2 C6ch tinh cira Schmertmann SPT cho coc chd sin 127
3 5 2 1 S r l c k h 6 n g b 0 n 1 2 7
3 5 2 2 S r l c k h 6 n g m f r i 1 2 g
3 5 2 3 C h i d u s A u n g i m d f i t } g
3 6 QUAN HE GrUA CpT VA SpT 1 3 1
3 7 1 V i d u l : X 6 c d i n h t f n h c h d t c o h o c c f r a d d t 1 3 3 3-7.2 vi du 2: Srlc chiu tii cria coc theo c6ch tfnh Schmefimann 135
\
Trang 93.7.2.2 SLlc khring mfri chua hiOu chinh l3l
3 1 2 3 H i 6 u c h i n h s f c k h 6 n g 1 3 7
3 8 T R I N H B A Y K E T QUA 1 3 9
cHtJoNG 4 THi NGHTEM nEru NGANG DMT (DILATOMETER)
4.1 GIOI THIEU
4 1 1 N g u y e n l i
4.1.2 Lich sir cira thf nghiOm DMT 4.2 NOI DUNG THi NGHIN,IT NUT 4.2.1 C6c thdnh phdn cfra thidt bi 4 2 1 1 M f r i x u y d n p h a n g 4.2.1.2 HOp di€u khidn 4 2 1 3 B i n h k h i n 6 n
4.2.2 Thu thAp so doc hi€u chinh 4 2 2 1 D i n h n g h i a A A v d 4 8
4 2 2 2 X d c d i n h A A v d 4 B
4 2 3 Q u y t r i n h d o c A , B , C
4 2 3 1 C h u d n b i t h i n g h i € m
4.2.3.2 Thi nghiem 4.2.4 Thf nghiOm ti€u tdn 6p luc nudc 16 r6ng (ddt dinh)
4.2.4.1 Phuctng ph6p ti6u t6n DMT-A 4.2.4.2 Phucrng ph6p ti€u t6n DMT-A2
4.3 UU, NHI.IOC DIfiM CUA DMT 4.4.tJOc riNH cAc cni TrEU co LV D{.1 A TREN rpr Qua DMT
4 4 1 C h u d n h o i i s d d g c
4.4.2 D6nh gi6 cdc tfnh chFft vatli dua trOn ket qui DMT
4.4.2.1 PhAn loai ddt dua tr6n kdt quA DMT
4.4.2.2 D6nh gi6 trang thdi cria ddt dua trOn kdt qui DMT
t45 t45 t45
r41
141 147
1 5 0
l 5 l
r52
t52 t52
1 5 3
1 s 3 ts4
1 5 5
1 5 5
1 5 6 t57
1 5 8
1 5 8
1 6 0
1 6 0
1 6 0
Trang 101 0 THf NGHIEM DAT HIEN TRUdNG VA IJNG DUNG TRoNG PHAN T[cH NEN MONG
4 4 3 D 6 n h g i 6 ti n h th d m c u a d a t d u a tr O n k e t q u r i D M T l 6 l
4 4 3 1 X d c d i n h m u c n u 6 c n g d m d u a tr O n k d t q u i D M T l 6 l
4.4.3.2 Dzinh gid hC so cd ket phu<rng ngang Cn theo ket quri DMT 162
4.4.4 D6nh gi6 tfnh bien dang cfra ddt dua tr6n kdt qui DMT 163
4.4.4.1 D6nh gi6 mddun ddn hdi tfc thdi cila s6t dua tr€n kdt quri DMT 163
4.4.4.2 Ddnh gi6 m6dun bien dang cua ciit vi s6t dua tren kdt qui DMT 163
4.4.4.3 Dr{nh gi6 mOdun c6t dua tr6n kdt qui DMT 164
4.4.4.4 Ddnh giri he sd ndn dua trdn ket qui DMT 164
4.4.5 Dr{nh gi6 hC sd Ko vi OCR ctja ddt dua rrOn kdt qui DMT 164
4.4.5.1 Ddnh giri he sr5 Ko vd OCR cfra ddt s6t dua trOn ket qui DMT 164
4.4.5.2 D6nh gi6 hc sd Ko vl OCR cria ddt cdt dua tren kdt quri DMT 166
4.4.6 Dr4nh gi6 srlc kh6ng cit cua ddt dua rr€n kdt qul DMT 167
4 4 6 1 D 6 n h g i 6 g 6 c < p c i r a d d t c 6 t d u a rr O n k d t q u i D M T 1 6 7 4.4.6.2 D6nh giri sric kh6ng c6t S" cfra ddt s6t dua tren kdt quri DMT 168
4.4.7 D6nh gi6 khA nlng bien loing cia ddt dua rrdn kdt qui DMT 169
4.5 LING DUNG KET QUA DMT VAO Dr.lBAO SUC CHrU TAr CUA c Q C n 0 4.5.1 C6ch tinh sfc chiu tii n6n doc truc cua coc dtic sa-n trong clat s6t c f r a P o w e l l ( 2 0 0 1 b ) 1 7 0 4.5.2 Tinh to6n coc chiu tili trong ngang 170
4.5.2.1 Gi6i thi€u vd phuong phrip duong cong P-y 170
4.5.2.2 C6ch xAy dung dulng cong P-y cfra Robertson vh c6ng su (1989) 171 4.5.2.3 Ci{ch xAy dung dudng cong P-y cua Gabr vd Borden ( I 988) cho
4 6 T R I N H B A y K E T QUA , , r 7 3
4 s c r A r H A N H T H i N G H I E H , T o n l r 1 7 5 4.9 NH{NG CAI TrcN MOI VOI THi NGI]IPIVI Oi\/Ir , I]5 4.10 TTJONG QUAN VOr CAC THi NGHIEHA HmN TRUONG KHAC | rr
4 1 0 1 T u o n g q u a n v d i P M T t 7 6
4 1 0 2 T u o n g q u a n v d i C P T 1 7 6
4 1 r T O M r A r r H i N G H I E M D M T 1 7 6