Notes: – Chỉ có các ngoại động từ động từ có tân ngữ theo sau mới có thể chuyển sang thụ động.. – Khi chủ từ trong các câu chủ động là I,He,She, It, We,You, They hoặc Someone, Somebod
Trang 1THE PASSIVE VOICE
A: Tom eats a cake.
P: A cake is eaten by Tom
A: The manager sacked us.
P: We were sacked by the manager.
A: The mailman will deliver the letter P: The letter will be delivered by the
mailman
Present perfect
& past perfect
S + have/has + been + V3/ed
had
A: The police have questioned me.
P: I have been questioned by the police.
Present continuous
& past continuous
S+ is/am/are + being + V3/ed
was/were
A: He was reading a book.
P: A book was being read (by him).
A: We shall have received our degrees
by next month
P: Our degrees will have been received
by next month
Notes:
– Chỉ có các ngoại động từ (động từ có tân ngữ theo sau) mới có thể chuyển sang thụ động
– Khi chủ từ trong các câu chủ động là I,He,She, It, We,You, They hoặc Someone,
Somebody, Nobody, People… khi đổi sang câu thụ động có thể bỏ by O.
II MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU THỤ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:
1 Infinitive passive:
A: modal + V0
P: modal + be +V3/ed A: I must buy a new pen.P: A new pen must be bought.
A: V + to-inf
P: V + to be + V3/ed
A: I need someone to finish this work.
P: I need this work to be finish.
This work needs to be finished.
= This work needs finishing.
A: I want all people to leave me
alone
P: I want to be left alone.
2 Perfect infinitive:
Modal + have + V3/ed → Modal + have + been + V 3/ed
P: The room should have been cleaned.
A: People seem to have solved the problems.
P: The problems seem to have been solved.
Trang 23 Passive with two objects: direct object (things) & indirect object (people)
I.O D.O D.O I.O
→ P: Mrs was given an award ≈ An award was given to Mrs Lee
Note: some verbs with 2 objects: ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell, buy, give…
4 Passive with object complement:
o.c o.c
5 Passive with perception verbs & verbs + V 0: (feel, see, watch, hear, make, know, taste, smell, sound, notice…)
A: S + V + O + V0 P: S + be + V3/ed + to-inf
P: I’ve never heard a song be sung by him.
6 Passive with perception verbs & verbs + V-ing:
A: S + V + O + V-ing P: S + be + V3/ed + V-ing
P: I see the guitar being played by her.
7 Passive with gerund:
o Ex: A: I don’t like people telling me what to do → P: I don’t like being told what to do.
8 Passive with “GET”: dùng khi biến đổi trạng thái; khi sự việc hay thay đổi hoặc bất ngờ.
Ex1: There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt.
Note: GET + ADJ: angry, anxious, bald, better, big, busy, chilly, cold, dark, dizzy, empty,
fat, full, good, heavy, hot, hungry, late, light, mad, nervous, old, rich, sick, sleepy, tall, thirsty, warm well, wet, worse
o Ex: I stopped working because I got sleepy
Expressions which are not passive in meaning:
9 Stative passive: diễn tả 1 tình huống hoặc trạng thái đang tồn tại.(không có hành động)
S + be + V3/ed + O.C + by O
GET + V3/ed
Trang 3Ex: The door is green.
Ex: The door was locked by me 5 minutes ago
→ The door is now locked
Notes: – Dùng giới từ (prepositions) – không dùng by
o Ex: I’m interested in Chinese art.
o Ex: He is satified with his job.
o Ex: Ann is marries to Alex.
– Một số câu không có ở dạng chủ động:
o Ex: I don’t know where I am I’m lost
o Ex: I can’t find my purse It’s gone
o Ex: I’m finished/ done with my work
10 Passive with “that clause”:
P: It + be + V3/ed+ that + S’ + V’ + O’
to have + V’3/ed + O’ (≠ thì)
Note: những động từ thường dùng với mệnh đề “that”:
know, think, say, believe, consider, declare, report, allege…
11 Causative passive:
→ I had my shoes cleaned
12.Be supposed to:
a Be supposed to = be said to
o Ex: Let’s go and see that film It’s supposed to be very good
b Be supposed to = It’s planned; arranged; expected
o Ex: I’m supposed to be meeting Ann at 8:15’ p.m
o Ex: The train was supposed to arrive at 11:30’ but it was an hour late
o Ex: You were supposed to clean the window Why didn’t you do it?
c Be not supposed to = it’s not allowed or advisable for you to do it.
o Ex: You are not supposed to park tour car here It’s private parking only
o Ex: The patient isn’t supposed to do any heavy work
Be + Adj
Be + V3/ed (used as an Adj)
Trang 413 Imperative passive:
P: → Let O + be + V3/ed
→ Don’t let + O + be + V3/ed
14 Passive with verbs: advise, be, order, urge, recommend, agree, decide, demand, be
determined, be anxious…
15 Questions in passive:
Is a new school going to be built here?