Chapter 16 - Equipment acquisition and disposal. In chapter 16 a step-by-step capital acquisition process is given. The steps are based on requisition, company objectives, new product ideas, cash flow analysis, an economic evaluation, a financial plan analysis, and expenditure control.
Trang 1Purchasing and Supply Chain Management
3rd edition
1
Chapter 16:
Equipment Acquisition
and Disposal
Purchasing and Supply Chain Management 3rd edition, Copyright 2013 W.
C. Benton Jr., All rights reserved
Trang 2Capital Equipment Acquisition
• The acquisition of capital equipment is a major decision
in most firms.
• Made at a vice president level and above
• Involve an expert equipment buyer
• Industry specific
• Significant long term expectation of returns
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Trang 3The Processes
1 Department Requisition
• A department requests equipment replacements and expansions
• Involves the plant manager or the executive in charge of the
department
2 Company Goals And Objectives
• To compare the acquisition request with the overall longrun
objectives of the firm
• e.g., maximize profitability
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Trang 4The Processes (cont.)
3 New Project Ideas
• Capital projects categories:
• Replacements
• Increase quality, reduce operating expense, and provide more efficiency
• Expansion (new products)
• Expand into a newly introduced product line
• Expansion (existing products)
• An alternative to replacing the current equipment
• Other (heating system for plant)
• Other (new construction)
Trang 5The Processes (cont.)
4 CashFlow Analysis
• Evaluate aftertax cash inflows and outflows of each capital
project alternative
• Evaluation criteria:
• The net cash investment
• The net cash flow
• The economic life of the project
• Life cycle costing
• An evaluation method used to evaluate alternative capital acquisitions
• Based on the total cost of the equipment over the expected life of
Trang 6The Processes (cont.)
5 Economic Evaluation
• Formal process of evaluating capital equipment or projects
• 5 common evaluation methods for individual projects:
a) Payback
b) Average rate of return
c) Net present value
d) Internal rate of return
e) Profitability index
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Trang 7Comparison of Evaluation Methods
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cash flows
flows
flows
exclusive ranking problems
problems
problems
problems
rationing problems
exclusive choice situations
Trang 8The Processes (cont.)
6 Selection of Projects
• A accept–reject decision based on competition for limited funds
• The hurdle rate may be based on:
• The cost of capital
• The opportunity cost
• Other conceptual standards
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Trang 9The Processes (cont.)
7 Financial Plan Analysis
• Activities:
alternatives
initial company goals and objectives
• Finance methods:
•) Lease
•) Purchase
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Trang 10Decision Factors Related To Finance
methods
• Tax effect
• Effects on future financing
• Risk of obsolescence
• Salvage value
• Maintenance
• Discount rate
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Trang 11Equipment Leasing
• General Characteristics
• During a fixed lease period
• e.g., monthly, semiannual, or annual payments
• When the lease period ends, the equipment goes back to the lessor
• General Options:
• Buy
• Initiate a new lease
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Trang 12Equipment Leasing (cont.)
• Types of leases
• Operating leases
period
• Capital leases
penalty
• Financial leases
flows during the lease period
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Trang 13Disposal of Capital Equipment
• In general, most firms have not yet designed a clean process for the disposal of used equipment
• For some firms, purchasing is usually charged with the task of scrapping or selling retired equipment
• For others, it is the vendor’s responsibility
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Trang 14New vs. Used Capital Equipment
Purchasing
• New Equipment Purchases
• New equipment requires less maintenance than used equipment
employed
• Used Equipment Purchases
• The true value of used equipment is extremely difficult to estimate
• The tradeoff between:
• Low cost is usually the only reason to buy used equipment 14
Trang 15Questions?
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