Chapter 3 - The legal aspects of purchasing. The legal aspects are presented in chapter 3. The purchasing professional in an organization must be able to understand the legal aspects of the purchasing function. The relationship between ethics and the law is complex.
Trang 1Purchasing and Supply Chain Management
3rd edition
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Chapter 3:
The Legal Aspects
of Purchasing
Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Copyright 2013. W. C. Benton
Jr., All rights reserved
Trang 2• The purchasing manager is an agent for the firm.
• The agency concept:
• An agency relationship requires at least three parties:
principal
Trang 3Authority of the Purchasing Manager
• The three types of purchasing authority:
1. Express authority
2. Implied authority
• By the principal
• Occurs automatically when appointed
• Stated in company bylaws
• By law
• Occurs at the time the principal expressively grants authority
• Protecting the principal’s rights when a consultation with the principal is impossible at the time
Trang 4• According to laws, a legal transaction requires all four components:
1 The parties must be capable.
2 The subject of the matter must be legal and valid.
3 There must be mutual consideration .
4 The parties must reach an agreement by offer and acceptance.
Trang 5Components of an Offer
• Three components:
1 Intent to make an offer.
2 Communication of the offer intent.
3 Identification of the specific subject matter.
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Trang 61 The offer may lapse.
• Time Limits of an Offer:
• Specified
• Unspecified
2 The offer may be rejected.
• Either verbal or written
• If the offer is amended, it becomes a counteroffer
Trang 7The Four Outcomes to an Offer (cont.)
3 The offer may be revoked.
• According to the law, an offer can be revoked anytime before it
is accepted.
• However, this should be avoided if possible.
4 The offer may be accepted.
• A contract is made
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Trang 8• Quantity
• An offer must express a fixed quantity of a sale.
• A contract that does not specifically express quantity is unenforceable.
• The unit of measure of quantity is unique to the industry.
• E.g., Concrete is quoted in cubic yards.
• Quality
Trang 9Terms of Contracts (cont.)
• Price and Credit Terms
• Price is the third major term.
• Must be included in an enforceable contract
• Price is determined when the offer is accepted.
• Price escalation clauses
• Negotiate the credit terms with the supplier.
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Trang 10• Delivery Terms
• Formalize the responsibilities of the buying and selling firm for delivery of the goods.
• E.g., Free on board (FOB)
• Leasing
• Becoming more attractive
Trang 11Ethics
• Defined as the standards of right conduct
• The law can only codify and enforce the most egregious violations.
• E.g., fraud and exploitation
• Thus, Ethics play a large role regarding fairness in
negotiations.
• Purchasing agents are governed by:
• Company’s ethical policies
• Uniform ommercial Code
• Securities and Exchange Commission
Trang 12• A restriction put on government contractors to promote the government’s policies.
programs, a company must be certified as at least one of the following:
Trang 13Questions?
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