BAI TIU LUN VAN HOA ANH

Princess Elizabeth, nicknamed “Lilibet”, was so notably calm, organized, and well-behaved child, while Princess Margaret was high-spirited and mischievous.. Love and Marriage In 1946, El

HO CHI MINH CITY PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE

SAI GON UNIVERSITY FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

BRITISH CULTURE

Pham M ng Thùy ộ 3114380243 DAN1141

HO CHI MINH CITY PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE

SAI GON UNIVERSITY FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

BRITISH CULTURE

Ph m M ng Thùy ạ ộ 3114380243 DAN1141

    

British Royal Family

(Royal Family Oder of Queen Elizabeth II)

Contents & References

1 Queen Elizabeth II 4

(http://issuu.com/cinderellar/docs/elizabethii)

2 Queen’s Role 7

(http://projectbritain.com/royal/role.htm)

3 Queen in Parliament 8

(http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandGovernment/QueeninParl iament.aspx)

4 The Queen’s Family Tree 10

(http://www.britroyals.com/royalfamily.htm)

5 Buckingham Palace 11

(http://projectbritain.com/london/attractions/buckinghampalace.htm)

(http://www.royal.gov.uk/ImagesandBroadcasts/TheQueensChristmasBro adcasts/AhistoryofChristmasBroadcasts.aspx)

1.Queen Elizabeth II

Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was born on April 21, 1962 in London, England Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the second son of King George V Her mother, the Former Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, was the daughter of a Scottish earl Princess Elizabeth was their first child Her only sibling, Margaret Rose, was born in 1930

British princess did not attend school on those days, do Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret were educated at home by governess, Marion Crawford The family lives in a four-story house at 145 Piccadilly in London It was a relaxed and happy household The princess spent plenty of time with their parents, who even joined them in pillow fights Governess “Crawfie” took them for walk in public parks They liked to play hopscotch and hide-and-seek On the weekends, the family went to their country house, the Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park, where the girls enjoyed working in the garden with their parents

Normal though their lives were in some ways, they were still princess, and rarely had chance to mingle with other children According to Marion Crawford (who later angered the royal family by writing a book about the girls), Elizabeth and Margaret were fascinated by other children, and “used to smile shyly at those they liked to look of They would so have loved to speak

to them and make friends, but this was never encouraged I have often thought it a pity.”

Despite spending so much time together, the royal family sisters developed very different personalities Princess Elizabeth, nicknamed “Lilibet”, was so notably calm, organized, and well-behaved child, while Princess Margaret was high-spirited and mischievous

In 1936, when Elizabeth was nine years old, her grandfather George V died and her father’s older brother became King Edward VII But Edward didn’t stay king for long Determined to marry a woman who was considered

“unsuitable”, he abdicated his throne after a reign of just 327 days Suddenly Elizabeth’s shy, stammering father was King George VI

When Margaret learned what had happened, she asked her sister, “Does that mean that you will have to be the next queen?”

Elizabeth answered, “Yes, someday.”

“Poor you!” Margaret said

Like Princess Margaret, George VI felt that the monarchy was a great burden

He did not want to be king But he believed it was his duty to take the crown his brother had cast aside, and his wife agreed “We must take what is coming to us and make the best of it”, the new queen said

Within two months the family had moved into Buckingham Palace Princess

Elizabeth’s life would never be the same

Daughter of the King

Princess Elizabeth was now heir presumptive to the British throne Her parents had always taken an easy-going approach to their daughters’ education, but they made an effort to prepare Elizabeth for her future as queen Her father gave her newspaper articles to familiarize her with politics, and her mother (or, by other accounts, her grandmother Queen Mary) arranged for her to receive twice-weekly lessons on the history of the British constitution

In 1939, when Elizabeth was 13, she met her third cousin Prince Philip off Greece, who was five years her senior It was love at first sight, at least on Elizabeth’s part According to Marion Crawford, Philip “showed off a good deal” while playing tennis, impressing Elizabeth, who “never took her eyes off him” Throughout her teens, Elizabeth remained devoted to the good-looking young man she call “my Viking prince”

The Second World War started later that year Fearing a Nazi invasion, the king sent his daughter to live at Windsor Castle, which was just 30 miles from London, but safer then Buckingham Palace Elizabeth and Margaret lived there until the war ended five years later

At age 16, Elizabeth registered at a labor exchange like all other girls her age She wanted to volunteer as a nurse in bombed-out areas of London, but her father felt it was too dangerous Finally, in 1945, when she was almost

19, the king let her join the Auxiliary Territorial Service She learned to drive and repair heavy vehicles Soon after she finished her training, the war ended

In 1947, Princess Elizabeth went on her first official overseas visit, accompanying her parents and sister to South Africa During the trip, she turned 21 and made an historic radio broadcast in which she pledge to dedicate her life to the people of the Commonwealth

“I declare before you that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great imperial Commonwealth

to which we all belong”, she said “But I shall not have strength to carry out this resolution unless you join in it with me, as I know invite you to do; I know that your support will be unfailingly given God bless all of you who are willing to share it”

Love and Marriage

In 1946, Elizabeth became secretly engaged to Prince Philip, who had served

in Britain’s Royal Navy during World War II and was now a lieutenant Once again she faced opposition from her father, who thought she was too young

to get married; and once again, after much patient persistence, she got her way The king relented, and Princess Elizabeth’s engagement was officially announced

in June 1947

Philip gave up his Greek citizenship and title, becoming a British subject and assuming the surname Mountbatten (an English version of his mother’s family name, Battenberg) Before the weeding, Elizabeth’s father gave Philip the British titles Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich, but Philip was no longer called “prince”

Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh were married at Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947 After their honeymoon at Broadlands – an historic house in Hampshire owned by Philip’s uncle Lord Mountbatten – was cut short by nosy photographers, they returned to London Eventually they moved into Clarence House at St James’ Palace Elizabeth began carrying out royal duties and Philip resumed his career in the navy, rising to the rank

of commander

Elizabeth gave a birth to her first child, Charles Philip Arthur George, at Buckingham Palace on November 14, 1948 Her only daughter, Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise, was born on August 15, 1950 at Clarence House

Elizabeth as Queen

On February 6, 1952, while Princess Elizabeth and her husband

were visiting Kenya, King George VI died of lung cancer Twenty-six-year old Elizabeth was now the queen The coronation took place on June 2, 1953 was broadcast to television and radio audiences around the world

From the start of her reign, Queen Elizabeth II was popular

at home and abroad In 1952, TIME Magazine named her its Woman of the Year, saying, “Elizabeth’s life story had provided a quiet, well-behaved fairy tale in which the world could believe”

Queen Elizabeth is the United Kingdom’s head of state She is also head of the Commonwealth During her reign, she has many official visits abroad and has travelled all over Britain She participates in ceremonies such as the Opening of Parliament, and plays a role in virtually every branch of government For instance, she is the head of the armed forces, and only she can declare war, although she cannot exercise this power without the advice

of her ministers She is kept closely and other officials, and acts as host to visiting heads of state She is patron or president of over 700 organizations

In 2000 she carried out 531 official engagements

The Duke of Edinburgh often accompanies his wife on her travels He gave

up his active naval career after Elizabeth became queen, but continued to be involved with the military Today he holds the ranks of Admiral of the Fleet, field marshal and marshal of the Royal Air Force, and captain-general of the Royal Marines He is president or patron of some 800 organizations, and was the first president of the World Wildlife Fund, a position he held for over 20 years In 1957, Queen Elizabeth granted him the title Prince of the United Kingdom He is officially known as The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip’s third child, Andrew Albert Christian Edward, was born on February 19, 1960 at Buckingham Palace Their last child, Edward Anthony Richard Louis, was born on March 10, 1964, also at Buckingham Palace In 1977, Elizabeth and Philip became grandparents when their daughter, Princess Anne, gave birth to a son, Peter Phillips The queen and Prince Philip celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary in 1997 They currently (in 2005) have seven grandchildren

The queen’s love of animals is well-known An avid horse racing fan, she owns and breeds race horses As of February 2003 she had 10 dogs, three of which previously belong to her mother The queen personally feeds and cares for her dogs, despite her busy schedule Her mots famous pets are her corgis, but she has also owned labradors and spaniels She even introduced a new breed of dog, the dorgi – half dachshund and half corgi

In 1977, Queen Elizabeth celebrated her Silver Jubilee, making 25 years as monarch And in 2002, the 50th year of her reign, she celebrated her Golden Jubilee Sadly, the queen lost two members of her family in 2002 Her sister, Princess Margaret, died in February at the age of 71; their 101-year-old mother, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, died the following month

Decade after decade, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II continues to work full-time at job she has held since 1952 Some people have suggested that she consider retirement, but it seems unlike that the queen will ever abdicate Most observers believe she will faithfully serve her country for as long as she lives

2.Queen’s Role

Although the Queen is no longer responsible for governing the country, she carried out of a great many important tasks on behalf of the nation

Head of State

As Head of State, the Queen goes on official State visits abroad She also invites other world leaders to come to the United Kingdom During their visit, Heads of State usually stay at Buckingham Palace or some as Windsor Castle

or Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh

Head of the Armed Forces

The Queen is also the Head of Armed Forces She is the only person who can declare when the country is at war and when war is over, although she must take advice from her government first

Head of the Church of England

The Queen is Head of the Church of England – a position that all British monarchs have held since it was founded by Henry VII in the 1530s

The Queen appoints archbishops and bishops on the advice of the Prime Minister

The spiritual leader of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury

Government Duties

Every day “red boxes” are delivered to the Queen’s desk full of documents and reports from the government ministers and Commonwealth officials They must all be read and, if necessary, signed by the Queen

Represents the Nation

The Queen represents the nation at the times of great celebration or sorrow One example of this is Remembrance Day ceremony at the Cenotaph monument in White hall The Queen lays a wreath there each year to honour the members of the armed forces who have died fighting for their country

Royal Garden Parties

At least three Royal Garden Parties are held at Buckingham Palace each year and about 8,000 guests attend each one

Visits

Alongside her other duties the Queen spends a huge amount of time travelling around the country visiting hospitals, schools, factories and other places and organization

3 Queen in Parliament

The Queen has an important formal and ceremonial relationship with Parliament

The phrase 'Crown in Parliament' is used to describe the British legislature, which consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons

Of these three different elements, the Commons, a majority of whom normally supports the elected Government of the day, has the dominant political power

The role of the Sovereign in the enactment of legislation is today purely formal, although The Queen has the right ‘to be consulted, to encourage and

to warn’ her ministers via regular audiences with the Prime Minister

The Sovereign’s assent is required to all bills passed by Parliament in order for them to become law Royal Assent (consenting to a measure becoming law) has not been refused since 1707

It is also a long established convention that The Queen is asked by Parliament to provide consent (which is different to assent) for the debating

of bills which would affect the prerogative or interests of the Crown Where Queen’s Consent is given it is signified in each House of Parliament and recorded in Hansard Consent has not been withheld in modern times, except

on the advice of Government

In the annual State Opening of Parliament ceremony, The Queen opens Parliament in person, and addresses both Houses in The Queen's Speech Neither House can proceed to public business until The Queen's Speech has been read

This speech is drafted by the Government and not by The Queen It outlines the Government's policy for the coming session of Parliament and indicates forthcoming legislation

Under the terms of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act (2011), each Parliament consists of five twelve-month sessions While each session is opened by The Queen in person at the State Opening, the session is closed (prorogued) in The Queen's name with a speech read in the House of Lords, and in the presence of the Commons, by the Leader of the Lords

When Parliament is summoned after a Royal proclamation there must, according to the Representation of the People Act 1918, be a period of at least twenty days before Parliament meets This period can be extended, but only for fourteen days, according to the Prorogation Act 1867

There is only one occasion on which Parliament meets without a Royal summons, and that is when the Sovereign has died In such circumstances, the Succession to the Crown Act 1707 provides that, if Parliament is not already sitting, it must immediately meet and sit

The Meeting of Parliament Act 1797 provides that, if the Sovereign dies after Parliament have been dissolved, the immediately preceding Parliament sits for up to six months, if not prorogued or dissolved before then

The Queen's role in Parliament is:

Assenting to Bills passed by Parliament, on the advice of Ministers; Giving audiences to Ministers, at which Her Majesty may be consulted, encourage and warn;

Summoning new Parliaments and, on the advice of her Government, appointing the date of its first meeting;

Opening and closing (proroguing) each session of Parliament

4.The Queen’s Family Tree