Necessary Knowledge of English Grammar

 Hiện tại tiếp diễn còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài, chưa kết thúc Ex: He is studying Korean..  Ngoài ra, hiện tại tiếp diễn còn diễn tả những hành động ở tương lai gần đã định sẵn t

Ex: She often goes to the mall at the weekend.

Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả sự thật luôn luôn đúng

Ex: The moon turns around the sun

It snows in the winter

 Cách chia thì:

Đối với động từ to be ta dùng đúng ngôi:

They They are They’re

 Đối với động từ thường, ta giữ nguyên động từ với các ngôi I, We, You They

Và thêm -s hoặc –es theo sau động từ Đa số các động từ ở những ngôi này ta thêm –s, chỉ những

trường hợp sau thêm –es: o, s, ch, x, sh (ông sẽ cho xe SH)

Ghi chú:

 Thể của thì:

 Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form): câu trần thuật

Ex: She is a beautiful girl

My father use to fetch us to the church at the weekend

 Thể phủ định (Negative form): chỉ ý phủ định trong câu Đối với thể phủ định của thì hiện tại đơn, ta chia cách như sau đối với động từ to be và động từ thường:

She She is not She does not She isn’t She doesn’t

Trường hợp câu sử dụng động từ thường như go, play, run, do, make,… câu phủ định được thành lập

phải mượn trợ động từ Do và Doesnhư bảng phía trên Khi mượn trợ động từ do và does thì động từ

chính trong câu phải ở dạng nguyên mẫu (bare-infinity, V_inf)

Ex: She isn’t a professor

My mother doesn’t go to university

 Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form): dùng để đặt câu hỏi Đối với động từ to be, thì động từ

được đảo lên đầu câu Còn trường hợp động từ thường, cũng phải mượn trợ động từ Do và Does,

động từ chính trong câu ở dạng nguyên mẫu

Ex: A: Is he a doctor?

B: Yes, he is or No, he isn’t

A: Do they work at the weekend?

B: Yes, they do or No, they don’t

A: Does she usually come home late?

B: Yes, she does or No, she doesn’t

1.1 Give the correct form of the verbs in the brackets

1 He (be) the eldest in his family

2 She (take) the 7.00 pm flight

3 You (be) Spanish?

4 What (be) in your baggage, madam?

Exercise

5 They (check) my baggage at the airport.

6 She (have) lunch on the plane

7 Thomas sometimes (go) to Kuala Lumpur for convention

8 Jane frequently (do) her hair at this beauty Salon

9 She (bring) her daughter with her in this trip

10 My mother (watch) TV every night

11 My sister (wash) the dishes every day

12 He (fix) the car for me

1.2 Change these sentences into negative form:

1.3 Change these sentences into interrogative form

1 This is your passport

2 These are your baggages

3 He plays for Arsenal.

Ex: He is mowing the lawn at the moment

Look! Something is crawling on the floor

 Hiện tại tiếp diễn còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài, chưa kết thúc

Ex: He is studying Korean

We are visiting many orphanages in this month

 Ngoài ra, hiện tại tiếp diễn còn diễn tả những hành động ở tương lai gần đã định sẵn trước thời điểm xảy ra

Ex: He is meeting with his father at 8.00 pm tonight

Philip is coming tomorrow

 Lưu ý: một số động từ ít khi dùng với thì hiện tại tiếp diễn agree, believe, conclude, know,

understand, like, want, prefer)

S + is, are, am + V_ing

Exercise

1.4Give the correct form of verbs in the bracket: simple present or persent continuous

1 A: Where you (go)?

B: I (go) to the hospital

2 You (enjoy) living here?

3 The dog (chase) the cat around the house

4 She (teach) English in this primary school now

5 They (be) always busy Today is Sunday and they still (work) in the restaurant

6 Mary always (wash) her baby’s clothes in the morning

7 She (not, watch) too much TV because she (think) it is not good

8 Look! Something (crawl) on your back

9 He (have) a meeting with the opposite team tonight

10 She (leave) at 9 a.m tomorrow

III PAST SIMPLE

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng :

Thì quá khứ đơn (qkđ) diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ với các trạng từ: last, ago,

yesterday, in (month, year) in the past

Ex: He was a Havard student in the year 1998

S + was/were

S + V-ed/V_cột 2

Sandy agreed to sign the form 3 days ago

She went to Australia in 2010

 Ngoài ra, để chỉ thói quen trong quá khứ, có thể dùng used to

Ex: They used to go here for fishing

 Thể của thì:

 Affirmative form: đối với thể khẳng định ta dùng to be và động từ tùy theo trường hợp Nếu là động từ có quy tắc, thêm –ed sau động từ đó Nếu là động từ bất quy tắc ta tra bảng

 Negative form: sử dụng to be và động từ thường theo bảng sau:

 Interrogative form: Đảo động từ to be lên đầu câu để đặt câu hỏi, đối với câu sử dụng động từ

thường, mượn trợ động từ Did và động từ chính trong câu ở thể nguyên mẫu.

Ex: Was he the stubborn kid?

Did she come to your house last night?

Exercise:

A.Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets: Past tense

1.She (be) home alone last night

2.They (be, not) at school yesterday morning

3.He (be,not) here 3 days ago

4.We (be,not) happy at the party last night

5.David (not, pass) the exam last semester

6.He (go) to Katy’s house to study last week?

7.She (leave) the party without saying anything

8.He (make) a terrible mistake the previous 2 hours

B.Give the right forms of the verbs in the brackets: present, present continous or past simple

1.She (live) here with her husband five years ago Now she (move) to USA

2.What you (be,do)? We’re about to leave, get ready in five minute!

3.Who (visit) yiou last night? I (hear) the voice of shouting and loud arguments over the wall

4.What you (do) to him yesterday? He (tell) me that he (not, attend) the meeting anymore

5.Why you (not, say) it sooner? I must have lent you a huge set of professional speakers for your engagement ceremony

6.She (give) him a sudden kiss that he (not, notice) at that time

7.Anyone (know) where Job (be)? He has to help with bring those boxes upstairs

8.How come you (turn) your back on me so quicky? We (be) still best friend since last week

IV PRESENT PERFECT

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng :

S + have/has + been

Have/has + V_cột 3

 Hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra một số lần xác định (once, twice, three times…) hay một vài lần trong quá khứ không rõ thời gian:

Ex: She has seen that movie three times

We have drunk coffee here numerous times

They have read this book several times

 Hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể còn tiếp tục ở tương lai

Ex: We have lived here since 1970

I have studied English since I was 5

They have studied here for 3 years

 Hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động không biết rõ thời điểm

Ex: I have finished my homework

She has gone to the hospital forbabies vaccination

 Hiện tại hoàn thành thường đi kèm với các trạng từ chỉ thời gian như sau: since, for, just, already, recently, yet, so far, until now, up to now, up to the present, ever, before, after

Ex: Up to now I still haven’t known who is my father

He has just updated information about you recently

1.5 Give the correct form of verbs in the bracket: simple past or present perfect.

1 I (buy) this shirt 2 months ago

2 It (not, rain) today yet

3 Katrina (not, want) to go to that cinema overthere again since the terrorists (bomb) it

4 Since she (give) birth to the first child, she (not, conceive) once more yet

Exercise

5 A lot of things (happen) since I last (see) you.

6 As soon as he taught me this, I immediately (know) how it works

7 She gradually (change) her lifestyle since she (go) to church

8 How long you (learn) Korean?

9 It was twice since I last (see) Davina (go) to that shop

10 Since she (try) to burn the house’s curtains Never again will Mark dare to leave his little sister home alone

V PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng :

 Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động xảy ra liên tục kéo dài từ quá khứ cho đến hiện tại

Ex: She has been staying here since 2011

They have been waiting for the US immigration for 10 years

 Ngoài ra, thì này còn diễn tả hành động vừa mới kết thúc trong quá khứ và có kết quả ở thì hiện tại

Ex: You look exhausted? Have you been staying awake all night long?

VI PAST CONTINUOUS

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng :

 Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (qktd) diễn tả hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex: She was knitting at 4.00 o’clock yesterday afternoon

I was teaching English at 7pm last night

S + have/has + been + V_ing

S + was/were + V_ing

 Thì này còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài, bất chợt có hành động khác xảy đến Hành động kéo dài chi thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, hành động bất chợt xảy đến chia quá khứ đơn.

Ex: When she was taking a bath, the bell rang

My mother was walking down the stair, someone knocked at the door

 Ngoài ra thì qktd còn diễn tả 2 hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ

Ex” While my sister was mobbing the floor, my younger brother was playing video game

VII PAST PERFECT

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng :

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (qkht) diễn tả một quá khứ xảy ra trước một quá khứ khác Trong một thờiđiểm ở quá khứ, để biết hành động nào xảy ra trước ta quan sát thấy hành động đó sẽ được chia ở thì qkht, hành động còn lại chia thì qkđ

Ex: When she had finished her house chores, she went to the market

When we came to the movie, it had been started 15 mintutes before

VIII PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

They had been playing tennis before I came

A lot of people had been standing in the line for free movie ticket before 3pm last afternoon

S + had + V_cột 3

S + had + been + V_ing

1.6 Give the correct form of the verbs the bracket: Past tense

1 There (be) a lot of people at the party last night At 8.30 pm, they (drink) and (dance) I asked them to turn down the music, but they (keep) on partying overnight and didn’t mind my request

2 Two men in the mask (walk) to the bank One (draw) the gun out and the other (scream) at the tellers “Put all the money in the bag.”

3 When they (return) from the trip, the dinner (be) ready for them

4 People (walk) outside of the mall at 3pm yesterday afternoon, suddenly there (be) a big explosion at the storage behind the mall

5 They (force) me to drink this kind of drug before they (go) after another case

6 She (give) her daughter the asthma inhaler before she (go) to the grocery ‘s

7 In the fire, there (be) a woman standing on the higest level waving for rescue A brave firemen quickly (set) a ladder and the others (shoot) water into the fire

8 They (come) back late in the middle of the night, the gate (close) 1 hour before

9 Nobody (watch) the snakes, they (crawl) out of cage

10 When the congregation (worship) the Lord, a big stone (throw) through the window but nobody (hurt)

Exercise

1.7 Fill in the blank with the correct verb picked from the box and make the subject and verb agreement

1 You your house lately? Because I in front of your house now

2 Nobody him what to his daddy last night yet

3 When she , her boyfriend to her classmate

4 The light out because the power , everybody has to stop working

5 After in the ice-cream, she _ milk into the blender to make milk shake, a popular drink of American

1.8 Give the correct form of the verbs in these paragraphs:

A After the housekeeper (do) 1 all of the house chores, she (leave)2

at 5pm and (leave)3 the door (lock) 4 That’s what she usually (do)5 everyday Unfortunately, there (be)6 a thief entering the house last evening Surprisingly, he (not, take) 7 anything valuable except some documents in the drawer The time he (enter)8 the house (predict)

9 from 6 to7pm Because Nick Lachey – the house host (came)10 back at that time and (discovere)11 that all of the important files that he (lock)12

in the drawer (go)13 without wings

B.Becareful of the passive

Russia in largest war game since Soviet era

Russian President Vladimir Putin (order)1 _ the drills last Friday and they

(begin)2 _ that night, according to reports from the RIA Novosti news agency Putin (fly) 3 _ to Sakhalin island off the eastern coast to oversee the games on

Tuesday, Russia's presidential press servicereported

"The main purpose of the activities is to check the readiness of the military units to perform assignedtasks and evaluate of the level of personnel's training and technical preparation as well as the level

of equipment of units with arms and military equipment," the Russian Defense Ministry (say)

4 in a statement reported by Russian Television

"The Sakhalin part of the maneuvers was intended to simulate a response to a hypothetical attack byJapanese and U.S forces," Konstantin Sivkov, who (retire)5 from the Russian military's General Staff, told the Nezavisimaya Gazeta newspaper, according to a report from the BBC

But Russia's deputy defense minister, Anatoly Antonov, said the games (design) 6 _ to

"enhance the army's combat readiness" and (not, direct) 7 _ against any specific nations, the BBC reported

Some of the units (involve) 8 in the exercises moved more than 3,000 kilometers (1,800 miles) from their bases to participate, according to the Russian media reports

The current drills, which are expected to last through the week, are the latest in a series of snap exercises conducted by the Russian military this year, Russian Television reported Similar drills (conduct)9 in the country's west, south and central military districts, the report said

IX SIMPLE FUTURE

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng :

 Cách dùng will, shall; thể phủ định và nghi vấn (thể nghi vấn đảo will và shall lên đầu câu)

I’ll, You’ll, We’ll, They’ll, He’ll, She’ll, It’ll I’ll, We’ll

I won’t, You won’t, We won’t, They won’t, He

won’t, she won’t, it won’t

I shan’t

We shan’t

 Thì tương lai đơn diễn tả hành động xảy ta ở tương lai với các trạng từ: next, tomorrow,

someday, in the future, in (month, year) in the future…

Ex: She will be here next week

He’ll make an appointment with you tomorrow

S + will/shall + bare_inf

They won’t come back until next season.

Will we wait ‘till she gets back?

 Thì tương lai đơn còn diễn tả hành động quyết ngay khi nói

Ex: That’s fine I’ll call my wife to make a deal with you Just wait!

Okay, I’ll fix it, but promise me that you won’t tell it to anybody

Ex: I’m going to the mall in the afternoon, do you want a lift?

My family’s going to have a summer vacation in Hawaii next week

XI FUTURE CONTINUOUS

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng :

 Thì tương lai tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai

Ex: She will be studying French at 7pm tomorrow evening

They ‘ll be playing tennis at the sport complex near the station when you reach their house

 Thì tương lai tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong suốt một khoảng thời gian ở tương lai

They will be attending the wedding from 11 to 12:30 pm

S + be going to + bare_inf

S + will/shall + be + V_ing

I’m afraid that Dr Phillip can make an appointment with you during this week because he will be going to Finland for conference.

XII FUTURE PERFECT

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng:

Thì tương lai hoàn thành diễn tả hành động xảy ra hoàn tất trước một thời điểm xảy ra ở tương lai với các trạng từ by the time, by then, before…

Ex: The bridge will have been finished before mid June in 2014

We will have lived here for 5 years by August 3

 Thì tương lai hoàn thành diễn tả hành động hoàn tất trước một hành động trong tương lai

Ex: When they come home, we will have prepared a lavish meal

By boon, I’ll have completed my part in this project You can sum it up

XIII FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1 Form :

2 Cách dùng :

Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ kéo dài đến một thời điểm trong tương lai

Ex: We will have been staying in Korea for 8 years by the end of this year

They will have been living in this house for 3 years 9 months at the end of this month

S + will/shall + have + V_cột 3

S + will/shall + have + been + V_ing

1.9 Give the correct tense of verb in these sentences, future tense:

1 By October, you (learn) here for around 1 year

2 Don’t come to Zack house at that time, he (pratise) judo with his coach

3 In the next 6 months, the contract with this player (finish)

4 By the time I come, she (finish) the cooking

5 Don’t bother John tomorrow afternoon, he (attend) an important test for his job

6 You come at my house tomorrow morning?

7 You still (work) until 5pm tomorrow?

8 The air condition has broken down I (ask) a mechanic to fix it

9 I (go) to the supermarket this noon Would you like back to the hotel then?

10 By 20th January, she (own) the bank 25,000 USD in total

1.10 Choose the correct verbs among four choices:

In the morning of the end of year 2007 , I 1 _ to the house church I

2 _that it was very interesting Firstly, on arriving, I 3 _ to sit at the front row The people there arevery friendly and they greet us welcome, me and my sister I

4 _ how wonderful their voice is and they 5 _ even bother to look at the papers having the songs on them, all of them 6 _ the song I saw that their Bible

7 _ with many different colors and they fully 8 _ attention to the pastor who 9 _ the sermon for Christmas season

After the service, they 10 _ Christmas by a quiz and I also 11 _ a gift Later, they served us Pho noodle with pork which was delicious I 12 _ to feel very peaceful here because everybody 13 _ friendly to each other and 14 _honestly I noticed some beautiful girls seating at my opposite site, I thought that these girls would never talk to me because they were very beautiful, the other men had to queue around them and started the conversation first Suddenly, they 15 _ near me and 16 _ close to me, a tall pretty girl 17 _ to talk about her personal experience with Jesus Her story 18 _ me thinking again about what my sister 19 _ me She

20 _me that when Jesus was still a person on earth, He healed the sick people, the Exercise

blind receive sight, the lame walk, the deaf hear and even the dead are raised Continue with her story was how she 21 _ God over and over but God 22 _ still patient

on her and then finally she 23 _ a believer One of the examples she told me is a case

of a billionaire, this man has everything that money can bring to him such as fancy houses, luxurious cars, girls Sadly, this man drove the helicopter to crash into the canyon for suicide She

24 _ one hand on her chest and one on mine to explain that God 25 _

in every person a hollow that nothing can fill in including money, family, sexual affairs but only Lord Jesus can fill in this place While I was really amazed by that clarification and contemplate on it, she forced me to speak out loud the commitment of receiving Jesus as a personal Savior At that time, I

26 _ what I 27 _after her but I still did so to see what

28 _in the future After that, she started to pray for me earnestly in the witnesses of

my younger sister sitting next to me from the beginning and the people in the house church

2 a) had recognized b) was recognizing c) recognize d)recognized

invited

amazed

6 a) already memorizing b) yet memorized c) had already

memorized

d) have already memorized

7 a) high-lighted b) was high-lighting c) had

high-lighted

d) was lighted

preaching

d) was going to preach

10 a) celebrated b) hab been celebrated c) have been

celebrated

d) was celebrating

12 a) had been started b) started c) was to started d) was having

starting

14 a) have been eating d) was eating c) is eating d) ate

15 a) were reaching b) was reached c) were reached d) have been

reaching

start

drive

21 a) had been rejected b) had rejected c) rejected d) reject

26 a) don’t believe b) haven’t believed c) didn’t believe d) was not to

believed

happen

d) will happen

Ex: He is bitten by the dog.

Food for dinner was cooked by my mother

2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn :

Ex: I am being interviewed a lot of questions

David was being attended the exam for university enrollment

3 Hiện tại hoàn thành, quá khứ hoàn thành :

Ex: A dinner had been prepared before we came

4 Động từ khiếm khuyết :

Ex: This recipe should be modified like this

I MỘT SỐ THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG KHÁC:

1 Thể sai khiến (causative form) :

Ex: I have him repair my phone

I have my phone repaired by him

She got her mother to make her a birthday cake

She got her birthday cake made by her mother

2 Động từ chỉ ý kiến (Verbs of opinion) :

Ex: People say that Vietnamese people are very friendly

 It is said that Vietnamese people are very friendly

Is, are, am + being + PP

Was, were + being + PP

Have, has + been + PP

Had + been + PP

Can, may, might + be + PP

Would, could, should + be + PP

 Vietnamese people are said to be very friendly.

Ex: They thought that the thief had entered the office through the window

 It was thought that the thief had entered the office through the window

 The thief was thougth to have entered the office through the window

2.1Change these sentences into passive form:

1 People usually spend their summer holidays on the beach

2 They won’t give us the student card until we have found a seat

3 You can’t persuade him in this way, it will hurt him even more

4 Hilary told us to deliver these bandages to Be Phuc’s house

5 Her father had taught her about Jesus when she was still a small kid

6 Mr Wenger has given Tien a ticket to go to London

7 Ms Lan told Duc to repair the light system of the house

8 Bong is going to get a sponsor for her future trip to Korea

9 Mr Hieu was giving a wonderful testimony at the church at 3.00pm on last Sunday

10 I’ve got a sufficient amount of money to buy a grand piano

2.2 Rewrite these sentences that they have the same meaning with the previous aforementioned ones.

1 People told us not to go to that house alone because nobody was there

2 She said that her student was the most intelligent among the contestants

3 Mai told us that shehad gone to a fantastic summer camp

Exercise

4 Somebody advised her to quit her current job to go to the US by a sponsor.

5 The customers said that the chief had given the main course too much pepper

6 The telegraph forecasts that the weather will be fine today

7 A lady requested us to step aside for her children walking the aisle in the church’s wedding

8 People said that he is going to attend Vietnam’s got talent show

I IF CONDITION

Câu điều kiện là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện, chỉ về khả năng đã có thể xảy ra, đã xảy ra hay sắp xảy ra nếu

có một điều kiện nào đó Câu điều kiện gồm có hai vế, một vế là mệnh đề chính, vế kia là mệnh đề phụ

- Main clause (mệnh đề chính): mệnh đề không có IF

- IF clause (mệnh đề phụ): mệnh đề có IF

TOPIC 3: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If clause (Provided/Providing that)

Main clause

pp

Ex: If I have money, I will travel to Europe

If I were you, I would say sorry first

If she had visited him earlier, she could have known his circumstance and given a hand of help

 Providing/Provided that được dùng như IF, thường được dùng trong văn viết Song, khi dùng Providing/provided ta có thể kết hợp loại 2 và 3 với nhau, hay 1và 2 tùy theo trường hợp của văn thể

Ex: Travelling by car is convenient provided that you have somewhere to park

Providing that Lan is faithful in going to church, she would get baptized soon

Provided that your child had finished the physical exercise, he would be able to walk

As long as = so long as (miễn là)

Ex:You can use my car as long as you drive it carefully

He can stay here with us so long as he doesn’t feel uncomfortable

 Inversion style (đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện)

Was và Were được dùng trong trường hợp đảo ngữ, nhưng Were được dùng nhiều hơn trong văn viết

Ex: If she was/were offered the job, she’d take it

 Were she offered the job, she’d take it

If Trung was/were here, he’d know what to do

 Were Trung here, he’d know what to do

S + V(present) + as if/as though + S + V(past subjunctive)

S + V(past) + as if /as though + S + V(past perfect)

S + wish + S + would/could + V_inf

If only + S + would/could + V_inf

 Kết hợp loại 2 và loại 3:

If I had worked harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now

 Had I worked harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now

The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed If I had caught that plane I would be dead now

 Had I caught that plane, I would be dead now

Unless ngoài nghĩa “nếu không”còn có nghĩa except if

Ex: Unless you help me, I won’t be able to attend the course

If you aren’t saving your money now, you won’t be able to go to college

 Unless you are saving your money now, you won’t be able to go to college

II AS IF and WISH

1 AS IF/AS THOUGH : như thể

Ex: The old lady dresses as if it was/were in the winter

The boy runs to the bus as though it was about to leave him behind

Ex: The children ate as if they had been hungry for a long time

David looked tired as though he had been through a tough day

2 WISH, IF ONLY : ước muốn

 Ao ước ở tương lai:

S + wish + + V(Past subjunctive) +V_inf

If only + S + V(Past subjunctive) +V_inf

S + wish + S + Past Perfect/Could have +pp

If only+ S + Past Perfect/Could have +pp

Ex: I wish I would be in Hawaii in a lifetime

She wishes she could change the world

Ao ước ở hiện tại:

Ex: I wish I could go by car without vomiting

I wish I were superhero

Ao ước ở quá khứ:

Ex: I wish I hadn’t failed the driving test

I wish she could have been here with me in the last summer

3.1Give the correct form of the verbs in the parentheses:

1 If I see her, I (tell) her what you told me

2 If I had known you were in trouble, I (help) you

3 If I (know) his contact number, I’d give it to you

4 If you (go) to church earlier, you would have had the time for pre-service praying session

5 If Peter (pay) more attention in class, he would achieve better results

6 If we (pay) her better, she may stay with us till the end of the year

Exercise

7 If she had asked you, you (accept)?

8 What you (do) if you saw a person getting a car accident?

9 If I tell you this, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?

10 If I had known Alice’s address, I (write) to her

3.2Use UNLESS to replace for IF

1 If you’re not watchful, you will have an accident when driving on this street

3.3Complete the following sentences

1 If I were the Prime Minister of Viet Nam, I would…

2 Your child will be more healthy if he/she…

3 He wouldn’t have been ill unless…

4 Unless you untie her, she …

5 If I had a sufficient amount of money to buy a luxury car, I would…

3.4Rewrite a sentence with the suitable word that is given: Unless, as long

as or Provided/Providing that

1. You should take more exercise because that’s the way to get fit

 Unless you take more exercise, you won’t get fit

2. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.

3.5 Write the conditional sentences for those using the inversion style

1 “If I were you, I would wait a bit” – He said



2 I didn’t know you had been coming So I couldn’t pick you up at the airport

 Had I known you were coming, I could’ve picked you up at the airport

3 If he had tried to leave the country, he would have been stopped at the frontier

8 If these book weren’t put back in the correct order on the shelves, the students would find ithard to look for the corresponding position according to the guide of computer

3.6 Rewrite these sentences using the given words:

1 We have to work on this Saturday

8 They felt that they were mistreated

They felt as though

TOPIC 4: RELATIVE CLAUSES

Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative Clause) hay còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (Adjective Clause) , vì mệnh đề này là một mệnh đề phụ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó Mệnh đề tính ngữ kết nối với mệnh

đề chính bằng những đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns) nhưWho, whom, which, where, when, why

và that

I RELATIVE PRONOUN USAGE:

Who là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từlàm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính

Ex: I know my uncle who usually attends charity activities of Hope chapel is a Christian

This is the woman who I told you yesterday in the meeting

Whom là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, đứng sau danh từ làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính

Ex: The middle-aged woman whom I’m talking about is Ms Halley – a representative for children withdisabilities

The girl whom I’m talking with is my cousin

OR

The girl with whom I’m talking is my cousin

3. Which :

Which là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính

Ex: These are the musical instruments which I inherited from my grand-father

The scarf which is hanging in the corner is hers

4. Whose :

Whose là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sự sở hữu Whose đứng sau danh từ chỉ người hay vật thay cho tính từ

sở hữu trước danh từ

Ex: The woman whose charity programme you are taking part in is Ms Hilary

We discovered a shipwreck whose gold and treasure have been taken away

5. That :

That là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, thay thế cho who, whom, which.

Ex: Have you seen the film (which/that) was premiered yesterday?

The boyfriend (who/that) you have introduced to us has a lot of girls seducing him

6. Where, When and Why :

Where, When, và Why Là những đại từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian và lý do sử dụng tương tự như những trường hợp trên

Ex: Do you know a place where sells tiramisu cake?

Have you been noticed about the date when we go for summer camp?

Did you know the reason why they break up?

II RELATIVE CLAUSE IN SHORT FORM:

1 Present Participles :

 Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động, ta có thể dùng cụm phân từ hiện tại (present participle phrase) để thay cho mệnh đề đó

Ex: Jesus who lives in your heart will show you how to react in a hard situation.

 Jesus living in your heart will show you how to react in a hard situation

Do you know anyone who let out their appartment?

 Do you know anyone letting out their appartment?

2 Past Participle :

Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động, ta có thể dùng cụm phân từ quá khứ (past participle phrase) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đó

Ex: The girlband which was hired last week has been staying in top 20 for 3 months.

 The girband hired last week has been staying in top 20 for 3 months.

Little Joseph who had been tricked by his brothers many years ago at last became the King of

Egypt in his times

 Little Joseph tricked by his brothers many years ago at last became the King of Egypt in his

times

4.1 Use relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentences below:

1 David is the King of Israelite He conquered the giant Philistine

6 The Bible has been written within 1600 years between B.C and A.D It portrays the

relationship between man and God

4.2 Use the participle to shorten these sentences

1 Jesus was born in the night when all of the angels sounded the trumpet

2 Apocalypse is the day when Jesus comes again to save people who belongs to Him

3 Nazareth is a place where is called Jesus’s hometown

Exercise

4 The sins of Adam and Eva make us whose their descendents also sin which is only forgiven once you believe in the shedding blood of Jesus – the son of God

5 The reason why human all suffered from different diseases and many miserable

circumstances on this earth is because we all sinned and lost the glory of the Lord- Jesus Christ

6 Love the Lord with all your heart and your soul, love your people arround as yourself arethe two great commands that was recorded in the New Testament

7 For in the same way that you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure that you use, it will be measured to you

TOPIC 5: CLAUSE OF REASON

Mệnh đề chỉ lý do bao gồm mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụ Mệnh đề chính nối với mệnh đề phụ bằng những trạng từ chỉ lý do như because, in spite of, although, due to…Tùy theo trạng từ chỉ lý do

mà mệnh đề chỉ lý do được định dạng, có thể theo sau đó là một câu hoàn chỉnh có chủ ngữ

(subject) và vị ngữ(verb +O), hay theo sau nó là V_ing hoặc một cụm danh từ (Noun Phrase)

CLAUSE OF REASON + CLAUSE/NOUN PHRASE

Because, As, Since (Bởi Vì)

Although, Though, Even Though (Mặc dầu)

Despite the fact that (bất chấp)

Clause (S+V+O)

Because of, due to, owning to (bởi vì)

Despite (mặc dầu)

In spite of/ On account of (bởi vì)

For the sake of (do bởi)

By reason of (do)

Noun/ Phrase or V_ing

Ex: As the football match was delayed a lot, they had to play 5 more minutes

 Because of being delayed a lot, the football match had to continue for 5 more minutes

We come late because of the traffic congestion

 We come late because the traffic is jammed

She cannot go to work on account of the children

 She cannot go to work because she has to take care of the children

Despite the fact that the moon cakes increase the price, people still buy to give out as a gift

Although/ Even though/ Though the moon cakes increase the price, people still buy to give out

as a gift

He almost empties his pocket for several days owning to/ due to the delay of paying the salary.

 He almost empties his pocket for several days because they delay paying his salary

5.1 Change these sentences into others which have the same meanings

1 Because she got sick/ was really sick, she cannot go to school

5.2 Fill in the blank by one of these adverbs of reason, notice that one can

be suitable for many different sentences and you can only use one adverb for each sentence.

Exercise

Despite Owning to In spite of For the sake of Though

1 King Solomon is very smart, he is humble as much as possible whentalking to the queen of Sheba.

2 the crowd, they had to bring the lamp man down from the roof for receiving healing from Jesus

3 Jesus was very tired, he still had to pray in the garden of

Gethsemane before he was captived by the Romans

4 Paul encourages Timothy to learn for gaining more knowledge and to have an authority to

be a pastor his young age

5 Jesus will forgive you when you ask Him your salvation

6 craving for money, Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus for thirty silver coins

7 our heartless attitude toward Him, Jesus still loves us

8 Herod King tried to kill all of the childrens from 2 years.downward when hearing that the new King was born, Jesus is still alive

9 suffering heavy loss after 10 catastrophic disasters, Pharaoh let the Israelites go to Canaan

10 Jacob agreed to work for Laban another seven years his love for Rachel - the younger daughter of Laban

In the living room, in the dining room, in the kitchen.

In London, in England, in Paris, in France

In the North, in the South, in the East, in the West

On TV, on radio, on the beach

3 By: bởi, tại

To được dùng ngăn cách giữa 2 động từ

Ex: She wants to go to the church

To somewhere

Ex: To the zoo, to the restaurant, to the hotel, to the resort

5 Into: vào trong

Ex: The room changes from hot into cool by the air-conditioner

She bursts into tears

He crashed his bike into the wall accidentally

TOPIC 6: PREPOSITIONS AND

PHRASAL VERBS

6 With: với

A pant with two pockets

A boy with dark-brown hair

With còn được sử dụng chỉ một công cụ, hay một phương tiện

Ex: I used to cook with that knife

He usually writesletter with that memorial pen

Bring with you your ID to go to the exam room

7 Under: ở dưới

The puppies are under the cup-board

Children under 16 shouldn’t watch this rated film

Brother Việt is working under pastor Nam

The house is under construction

The robbery is under investigation

My cousin is often under the weather: em họ tôi thường dễ bị cảm lạnh

II COLLOCATIONS:

In this topic, we only focus on collocation type: verb + preposition

Accuse somebody (sb) of something (st) Kết tội ai về điều gì

Be pleased with Hài lòng với

Compare sth with/to sth else So sánh thứ này với thứ khác

Proud of Tự hào về

Quarrel with sb about sth Tranh cãi với ai về điều gì đó

6.1 Fill in these sentences with appropriate prepositions:

1 Do you believe God?

2 Have you ever gone a church yet?

3 Is the pastor home?

4 I used to go to a house church the evening

5 When is the day Jesus born? He may be born 24th, December

6 He apologised _ the inconvenience that he caused

7 Who is responsible cleaning this mess?

8 She’s very successful real estate brokerage

9 My students were quite nervous the exam

10 We sorry causing you too many problems

11 Have you ever dreamt landing on Mars?

12 Depend our foundation, we will decide whether we should raise fun for the project

Exercise