1 7-7 EXPRESSING ADVICE: SHOULD AND OUGHT TO snoura a My clothes are duty I {ought wash them?. The use of maybe with should and ought to ''softens" advice.. COMPARE: stating clear
Trang 12 A: Hello Mr Black's office
A: May I ask who is calling?
B: Susan Abbott
A: Just a moment, Ms Abbott I'll connect you
3 A: Hello?
A: Sure Hang on
B: Yes I'd like to make an appointment with Dr Wu
A: Fine Is Friday morning at ten all right?
B: Yes Thank you
A: Your name& ,, .; ., , , , ., .:~-., ,T., ." :&AT., - %
> , : , i : , > h 1.::
8
.l , ,,, ,, ' - i t ., ! ' ,:: "
" .- - ii,., I*.;,) %T;$ .: %.> -: k:&.; < :, , , , , .,,
A: Hello?
f : I '
~ ,
./ , ., ; , .' ' ' B: Hello to Emily?
, , i B: No thanks I'll call later
I / / ,
6 A: Hello?
-rli
A She's not here right now
A: Certainly Just a minute I have to get a pen
, ' 1 !
7 A: Hello?
A: Who?
B: Jack Jack Butler
A: There's no one here by that name I'm afraid you have the wrong number B: Is this 221-3892?
A: No, it's not
B: Oh I'm sorry
A: That's okay
198 CHAPTER 7
Trang 2EXERCISE 14 Polite questions: MAY I, COULD I, and CAN I (Chart 7-5)
Directions Ask and answer polite questions Use m a y I, could I, or can I Listen to the cues with books closed Work in groups or as a class (Alternatively, work in pairs, creating somewhat longer dialogues that you then role-play for the rest of the class.)
Example: ( ), you want to see ( )'s grammar book for a minute
SPEAKER A: MayICouldlCan I (please) see your grammar book for a minute?
SPEAKER A: Thank you 1 Thanks I forgot to bring mine to class today
1 ( ), you want to see ( )'s dictionary for a minute
3 ( ), you are at a restaurant ( ) is your waiterlwaitress You have finished your meal You want the check
What are you going to say to himher?
5 ( ),you are speaking to ( ), who is one of your teachers You want to leave class early today
6 ( ),you want to use ( )'s calculator during the algebra test ( ) needs to use
it himselfierself
7 ( ), you are in a store with your good friend ( ) Your bill is (a certain amount of money) You have only (a lesser amount of money) What are you going to say to your
friend?
I ) W l d y o u please open the door?
@) Could you please open the door?
(c) Will you please open the door?
(d) Can you please open the door?
Yes
Yes Of course
Certainly I'd be happy to
Of course I'd be glad to
Sure (informal) Okay (informal)
I'm sorry I'd like to help, but my hands are full
reople use woum you, coura you, willyou, and can you to ask polite questions The questions ask for someone's help or cooperation
(a), (b), (c), and (d) have basically the same meaning The use of can,
as in (d), is less formal than the others
Note: May is NOT used when you is the subject of a polite question
&or?
Modal Auxiliaries 199
Trang 3EXERCISE 15 Polite questions: WOULD/COULD/WILL/CAN YOU (Chart 7-6)
wil2 youlcan you in each Use the expressions in the list or your own words
pick some up turn the volume up say that again
TBACHBR: It's getting hot in here bJok\d/Tok\d/\lJi\l/Ta~ y a k
p \ @ a e O P ~ R the wihdow?
STUDENT: d c o w s @ I'd be hcwpy to / Swe / f t c
TEACHER: f i a & yak / f i a h k s
STUDENT: You're welcome
FRIEND B:
FRIEND A:
L, 8
PRIBND B: NO problem
3 ROOMMATE A: I'm trying to study, but the radio is too loud
ROOMMATE B:
ROOMMATE A:
ROOMMATE B: That's okay No problem
.-
" -
SISTBR: I'm trying to listen to the news on television, but I can't hear it '*
.<, : ,\ BROTHER:
4,',
:Z SISTER:
! BROTHER: Don't mention it
5 HUSBAND: Honey, I'm out of razor blades When you go to the store,
I i> WIFE:
HUSBAND:
WIFE: Anythiig else?
Trang 4ERSON A: Hi " ' 3 ,#: ; s ' ,
,, .:
&$;g?p:$+
PERSON B: Hi Walabaxitinpundoozit?
PERSON A: Excuse me?
PERSON B: Walabaxitinpundoozit
STRANGER B:
STRANGER A: Well, thanks anyway 1'11 ask someone else
Direcrions: Work in pairs Create a dialogue for one or more of the following situations
, The beginning of each dialogue is given Role-play a dialogue for the rest of the class
Example:
s n w t m o N : You're in a restaurant You want the waiter to refill your coffee cup You catch
the waiter's eye and raise your hand slightly He approaches your table
DIALOGUE: Yes? What can I do for you?
SPEAKER A: Yes? What can I do for you?
SPEAKER B: Could I please have some more coffee?
SPEAKER A: Of course Right away Could I get you anything else?
SPEAKER B: NO thanks Oh, on second thought, yes Would you bring some cream too?
SPEAKER A: Certainly
SPEAKER B: Thanks
1 s m A n o N : You've been waiting in line at a busy bakery Finally, the person in front
of you is being waited on, and the clerk turns toward you
DIALOGUE: Next!
2 SITUATION: YOU are at work You feel sick Your head is pounding, and you have a
slight fever You really want to go home You see your boss, Mr Jenkins, passing by your desk
DIALOGUE: Mr Jenkins?
3 SITUATION: Your cousin, Willy, is in the next room listening to music You are talking
on the telephone The music is getting louder and louder Finally, you can no longer hear your conversation over the phone You put the phone down and nun toward the door to the next room
DIALOGUE: Wl'Uy!
4 SIlWAnON: The person next to you on the plane has finished reading his newspaper
You would like to read it
DIALOGUE: Excuse me
5 s m A n o N : You see a car on the side of the road with the hood raised and an older
man standing next to it He looks tired and concerned You pull over and get out of your car to walk over to hi
DIALOGUE: Do you need some help, sir?
Modal Auxlllarles 201
Trang 51 7-7 EXPRESSING ADVICE: SHOULD AND OUGHT TO
snoura
(a) My clothes are duty I {ought wash them
(b) INCORRECT: I should m wash them
anoura ana ougnr ro nave me same meanmg
They mean: "This is a good idea This is good advice."
FORMS:
should + simple form of a wrb (no to)
(d) You need your sleep You should not NEGATIVB: should + not = shouldn't
(shouldn't) stay up late (Ought to is usually not used in the negative.) (e) A: I'm going to be late What should I do?
(f) A: I'm tired today
B: You shouldlought w go home and take a nap
(g) A: I'm tired today
B: Maybe you shouldloughr to go home and
take a nap
QrmsnoN: should + subject + main verb (Ought to is usually not used in questions.) The use of maybe with should and ought to
''softens" advice COMPARE:
stating clearly that he believes going home for a nap
is a good idea and is the solution to Speaker A's problem
In (g): Speaker B is maldng a suggestion: going home for a nap is one possible way to solve Speaker A's problem
EXERCISE 17 Expressing advice: SHOULD and OUGHT TO (Chart 7-7)
Directions: Work in uairs
Speaker A: State the problem
Speaker B: Give advice using should or ought to Include maybe to soften the advice if
you wish
Example: I'm sleepy
SPEAKER A: I'm sleepy
SPEAKER B: (Maybe) You should/ought to drink a cup of tea
1 I'm hungry
2 I'm cold
3 1 have a toothache
4 1 have the hiccups What should I do?
5 I left my sunglasses at a restaurant yesterday What should I do?
Switch roles
6 I'm hot
7 1 have a headache
8 Someone stole my bicycle What should I do?
9 I bought a pair of pants that don't fit They're too long
10 I always make a lot of spelling mistakes when I write I don't know what to do about
it What do you suggest?
202 CHAPTER 7
Trang 6Had better has the same basic meaning as should
(a) My clothes are dirty I ought to wash them and ought to: "This is a good idea This is good
E b y t t e d advice!'
(b) You're driving too fast! You'd better slow down
Had better usually implies a warning about possible bad consequences In @):If you don't slow down, there could be a bad result You could get a speeding ticket or have an accident
(c) You'd better not eat that meat It looks s~oiled NEGATIVE: h a d bettor not
EXERCISE 18 Expressing advice: HAD BETIER (Chart 7-8)
possible bad consequences the speaker might be thinking of?
1 The movie starts in ten minutes We'd bener hurry
In speaking, h a d is usually contracted: 'd
2 You can't wear shorts and aT-shirt to a job interview! You'd bener
3 I can't find my credit card I have no idea where it is I guess
4 A: My ankle really hurts I think I sprained it
B: You'd benerput some ice on it right away
5 You shouldn't leave your car unlocked in the middle of the city
You'd better lock it before we go into the restaurant I"') ("I
advice is not followed Only the cuer's book is open
1 I haven't paid my electric bill
2 1 need to be at the airport for a nine o'clock flight tonight
3 ( ) and I want to go out to dinner at (name of a popular restaurant) Saturday night, but we don't have reservations yet
5 1 don't feel good today I think I'm coming down with something.*
6 ( ) has a job at (name of a localplace) Sheme has been late to work three times in the last week Hermis boss is very unhappy about that
T h e idiom "come down with something" means "get a sickness" like a cold or the Bu
Modal Auxlllarles 203
Trang 7EXERCISE 20 Expressing advice: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, and HAD BETTER
q ',,"*
Diwctions: Correct the errors
kaA
1 You 4 4 better not be late
2 Anna shouldn't wears shorts into the restaurant
3 1 should to go to the post office today
4 1 ought paying my bills today
5 You'd had better to call the doctor today
6 You don't should stay up too late tonight
7 You'd to better not leaving your key in the door
8 Mr Nguyen has a large family and a small apartment He ought found a new
: , - apartment
_:
=
EXERCISE 21 Giving advice (Charts 7-7 and 7-8)
Directions: Work in pairs Complete all of the dialogues Make the dialogues longer if you wish by adding more advice, and present one of your dialogues to the class
One of you is Speaker A, and the other is Speaker B
Example:
SPEAKER A: I don't feel like studying tonight
SPEAKER B: Maybe you should go w a movie instead I take tha night off l etc
SPEAKER A: I can't do that I have a big test tomorrow
SPEAKER B: Well, then you'd better study tonight whether you feel like it or not I go w
your room and get to work
1 A: I don't feel good I think I'm getting a cold
B: That's too bad You'd better
A: That's probably a good idea
B: You should also
B: No, you'd better not do that if you're getting a cold
2 A: My English isn't progressing as fast as I'd like What should I do?
B: You should That's really important when you're learning a second language
" ' ' "" A: Do you have any other suggestions?
B: Yes, you ought t o
A: That's a good idea
B: And you shouldn't
A: You're right Good suggestion