I 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND @ I like tea, but my husband doesn't.. Chart 8-4 Diwctions: Complete the sentences with auxiliary verbs.. Chart 8-4 Directions: Complete t
Trang 1I 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
@) I like tea, but my husband doesn't
(c) I won't be here t o m o m , but Sue will
(d) I've seen that movie, but Joe hasn't
(e) He isn't here, but she is.*
(a) I don't like coffee, but my husband does In (a): does = likes coffee After but and and, often
only an auxiliary verb is used It has the same tense
(f) I don't like coffee, and Ed doesn't either
(g) I like tea, and Kate does too
(h) I won't be here, and he won't either
(i) I've seen that mm'e, and Pat has too
(j) He isn't here, and Anna isn't either
or modal as the-main verb
Notice in the examples:
negative + but + affirmative affirmative + but + negative negative + and + negative affirmative + and + affirmative
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*A verb a nor contracted with a pronoun at the end of a sentence after bur and and:
c o m c ~ : but she IS
INcoRPSCr: but she?
EXERCISE 10 Using auxlllary verbs after BUT (Chart 8-4)
Diwctions: Complete the sentences with auxiliary verbs
1 Debra reads a lot of books, but her brothers dorz't
2 Sam isn't in the school play this year, but Adam IS
3 I will be at home this evening, but my roommate
4 Ducks like to swim, but chickens
5 That phone doesn't work, but this one
7 Carl can touch his nose with his tongue, but most people
8 Jack has visited my home, but Linda
9 I'm not going to graduate this year, but my best friend
10 My dog crawls under the bed when it thunders, but my cat
Trang 217 EXERCISE 1 1 Uslng auxlllary verbs after BUT (Chart 8-4)
D i w c t i o c Complete the sentences by using the names of your classmates and appropriate
'' auxiliary verbs
has long hair, but krrrtfihfi Aoes* I t
EXERCISE 12 Using auxlllary verbs after AND and BUT (Chart 8-4)
Directions: Complete the sentences by adding appropriate auxiliary verbs Add too and
either as appropriate
1 Alex goes to college, and his sisters Ao too
2 Anna goes to college, but her cousin does* I t
3 Hugo doesn't go to college, and his brother Abesh't e' tthev
4 Horses are domesticated animals, and camels
5 Lions aren't domesticated animals, and tigers
6 Horses are domesticated animals, but lions
7 Paula didn't go to the picnic, and Jack
8 I work at an airplane factory, and my brother
9 Gray is a dull color, but orange
10 Rita won't be at the party, and Jean
11 Olga was in class yesterday, but Antonio
12 Fatima is in class today, and Pedro
13 I can't sing very well, but my wife
Trang 3S + aux + TOO
(a) Sue works, and Tom does too
(b) Sue works, and so does Tom
S + a m + EITHER
(c) Ann doesn't work, and Joe doesn't either
NETTHER + aux + S
(d) Ann doesn't work, and neither does Joe
(e) A: I'm hungry (f) A: I'm hungry
B: I a m too B: So a m I
(g) A: I don't eat meat (h) A: I don't eat meat
B: I don't either B: Neither do I
(i) A: I'm hungry (j) A: I don't eat meat
B: Me too (informal) B: Me neither (informal)
(a) and @) have the same meaning
Word order:
subject + auxiliary + too
so + auxiliary + subject
(c) and (d) have the same meaning
Word order:
subject + auxiliary + either neither + auxiliary + subject
Note: An affirmative auxiliary is used with neither
And is usually not used when there are two speakers
(e) and (f) have the same meaning
(g) and (h) have the same meaning
Me too and me neither are often used in
informal spoken English
EXERCISE 13 AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (Chart 8-5)
Directions: Complete the sentences using the given words Pay special attention to word order
1 a too
b so
b n e i t h r
3 a too
b so
4 a either
b neither
Marco has a mustache, and .Imwes Aoes too
Marco has a mustache, and Omar doesn't have a mustache, and Omar doesn't have a mustache, and Marco is wearing a hat, and
Marco is wearing a hat, and Ivan isn't wearing a hat, and Ivan isn't wearing a hat, and
Trang 4EXERCISE 14 AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (Chart 8-5)
Directions: Complete the sentences by using too, so, either, or neithor Use the names of
your classmates and appropriate auxiliaries
1 Mavia is in class today, and so is Po / PO i s t o o
EXERCISE 15 AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (Chart 8-5)
Ditections: Complete by using too, so, either, or ne'ther and the given words
1 clouds Snow is white, and d o k d s a v t o o ~ / SO are d o k d ~
2 salt Sugar isn't expensive, and
4 gorillas Human beings don't have tails, and
5 the teacher I forgot to bring my book to class, and
6 the teacher I was late for class today, and
8 penguins Ostriches can't fly, and
' N e w makes a sentence neganve:
The teacher u m r late, and neither am I OR I'm not either
Trang 5EXERCISE 16 AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (Chart 8-5)
Use I
2 A: I didn't enjoy the movie last night 7 A: I studied last night .,:
~ ,
3 A: I always have coffee in the morning 8 A: I should study tonight
A: I don't feel like going to class today 9 A I can't speak Hungarian
' I '
~ q ;, < B :
:L$,
5 A: I didn't eat brealdast this morning
B:
10 A: But I can speak English
EXERCISE 17 SO and NEITHER (Chart 8-5)
Directions: Work in pairs
Speaker A: Say the given sentence Complete the sentence with your own words if
necessary Your book is open
Speaker B: Respond to Speaker A's statement by using so or neithm Your book is closed
SPEAKER A (book open): I'm confused
SPEAKER B (book closed): So am I.*
Example: F r o 5 don't have tails
SPEAKER B (book closed): Neither do human beings
SPEAKER A (book open): Ivar's Seafood Restaurant is a good place to eat in Seattle
SPEAKER B (book closed): So is Hong Kong Gardens
*?his exercise is desipcd to prscnce the use of ao and -thw in conversational responses If, however, Spesker B doesn't want to agm, echo, or support Speaker A's statanat, there are alternative responses For example:
m u8: RcaUy? Is that no? Hmmm I didn't h o w that Are you n m ? i
s p e h ~ a ~ A: Ivar's Seafood Restaurant is a good place to eat in Seattle , , : :
Connecting Ideas 237
Trang 6( c : ' I;&:
1 I studied last n i h t '
2 I study grammar every day
3 I'm thirsty
4 I'd like (a kind of drink)
Switch roles
11 San Francisco is a seaport
12 Chickens lay eggs
13 I (likeldon't like) the weather today
14 Swimming is an Olympic sport
5 I'M never been in (name of a country) 15 Coffee contains caffeine
6 1 don't like (a kind of food) 16 Elephants can swim
7 is a (biglsmall) country 17 (Name of a country) is'in Africa
9 Snakes don't have legs
10 I've never seen an iceberg
19 Denmark has no volcanoes
20 I'd rather go to (name of a place) than
(name of a place)
EXERCISE 18 TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (Chart 8-5)
Directions: Create dialogues (either with a parmer or in writing)
Speaker A: Use the given verb to make a statement (not a question) Your book is open Speaker B: React to Speaker A's idea by using too, so, either, or neither in a response
Your book is closed
1,
Example: would like
SPEAKER A (book open): I'd like to sail around the world someday
SPEAKER B (book closed): So would I OR I would too.**
Example: didn't want
SPEAKER A (book open): Toshi didn't want to give a speech in front of the class
SPEAKER B (book closed): Neither did Ingrid OR Ingrid didn't either.**
I ,I?
Switch roles I . , .
7 can fly
1 don't have
*Caviar = fish eggs (an expensive delicacy in some cultuns)
*This exercise asks you to use too, m, eithpr, or n e i h in conversational responses Other responses are, of course, possible For example:
s- A: I'd like ro sail around the world someday
Trang 7(a) He drank water because he was thirsty
(b) MAIN c w s a : He dmnk water
(c) ADVHRB CLAUSE: because he was thirsy
I '
MAIN CLAUSE ADVJ3RB CLAUSE
(d) 'He d m k water1 'bscause he was rhirsy.'
(no comma)
(e) ' ~ e c a w e he was thirsty: 'he drank water.'
(comma)
He dm& water Becauee he war thirsty
(p) CORRBCT IN SPBAKING:
A: W h y did he drink some water?
B: Because he WP thirnty
Because expresses a cause; it gives a reason Why did he
d r i i water? Reason: he was thirsty
A main clause is a complete sentence:
He drank ware* = a complete sentence
An adverb clause is ~ a r a complete sentence:
because he was thirsty = NOT a complete sentence
Because inwduces an adverb clause:
because + subject + verb = an adverb clause
An adverb clause is connected to a main dause, as in (d) and (e).*
In (d): main clause + no comma + adverb clause
In (e): adverb clause + comma + main d a u s e (d) and (e) have exactly the same meaning
(f) is incorrect in written English: because he was thirszy
cannot stand alone as a sentence that starts with a capital letter and ends with a period It has to be connected to a main clause, as in (d) and (e)
In spoken English, an adverb clause can be used as the short answer to a question, as in (g)
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'See Chan 2-10, p 48, for a discussion of other adverb clauses "Time &uses" are adverb &uses that are introduced by
w h , 4ha; brfom, tnhila, until, and ol soon ol
EXERCISE 19 Adverb clauses with BECAUSE (Chart 8-6)
Directions: Combine each pair of sentences in two different orders Use because
Punctuate carefully
1 We didn't have class
T h e teacher was absent
+ We didn't have class because the teacher was absent
+ Because the teacher was absent, we didn't have class
2 T h e children were hungry
There was no food in the house
3 T h e bridge is closed
We can't drive to the other side of the river
4 M y car didn't start
T h e battery was dead
5 Larry and Patti laughed hard
T h e joke was very funny
Connecting Ideas 239