Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 32 pot

*Should not ought w or hod bear is usually used in s question that eska for advice.. Mark's parents keep asking him why he can't be more like Kathy.. Sometimes he doesn't even come downs

Switch roles

3 A My roommate snores really loudly I'm losing sleep I don't know what to do B: ~ a ~ b e you should

A: I've thought of that, but

B: Well then, maybe you'd better

A: Maybe I guess I really ought to

B: That's a good idea

4 A: The refrigerator in my apartment doesn't work The air conditioner makes so much noise that I can't sleep And there are cockoaches in the kitchen

B: Why do you stay there? You should

A: I can't I signed a lease

B: Oh That's too bad Well, if you have to stay there, you'd better

; ,.- A: I suppose I should do that

:%.'; B: And you also ought to 1

: : , - 2 ':

rtc

; , ' 1 2.

EXERCISE 22 Glvlng advice (charts 7-7 and 7-8)

DirecEionr: Give advice using should, ought to, and h a d better Work in groups of four Only Speaker A's book is open Rotate the open book, using a new Speaker A for each item

Example:

of the term, and I'm failing the course I need a science course

in order to graduate What should I do?*

you can get some extra help

diierent science course next term

1 I forgot my dad's birthday yesterday I feel terrible about it What should I do?

2 I just discovered that I made dinner plans for tonight with two diierent people I'm supposed to meet my fiancbehance at one restaurant at 7:00, and I'm supposed to meet my boss at a different restaurant across town at 8:OO What should I do?

3 The boss wants me to finish my report before I go on vacation, but I don't have time I might lose my job if I don't give him that report on time What should I do?

4 I borrowed Karen's favorite book of poems It was special to her A note on the inside cover said "To Karen." The poet's signature was at the bottom of the note Now I can't find the book I think I lost it What am I going to do?

*Should (not ought w or hod bear) is usually used in s question that eska for advice The answer, however, can conrain

should, ought w, or hod kaar For example:

A: My h o u ~ r p h m oluxEys die What should I do?

B: B u l l betterm n book on plum X u should ny w find out why thsy dis Maybeym ought to [ook on rhr

Inrsrnn and sa #you c a n w rome i&rm&n

EXERCISE 23 Giving advice (Charts 7-7 and 7-8)

Directions: Discuss problems and give advice Work in groups

the problem and then ask them for advice

Example:

haw to

I I haw got to study tonight & 1

@) I'd like to go with you to the movie this

evening, but I can't I haw to go to a

meeting

for me I'll call you later

at customs upon arrival

(g) I had to study last night

@) I haw to ("hafta") go downtown today

(i) Rita has to ("hasta") go to the bank

(i) I've got to (L'gotta") snrdy tonight

same meaning They express the idea that something is necessary

Have to is used much more frequently in everyday

speech and writing than must

Haw got to is typically used in informal conversation,

as in (c)

Must is typically found in written instructions, as in (d) It is usually a strong, serious, "no nonsense" word

QrresnoNs: Haw to is usually used in questions, not must or haw got to Forms of do are used with

have to in questions

The PAST form of haw to, haw got to, and must (meaning necessity) is had to

haw to = lhreftal OR / h a

has to = ihsestal OR k s d

(haw) got to = Igadal OR /@fa/

Directions: Discuss the questions and the meanings of the auxiliaries

206 CHAPTER 7

EXERCISE 25 Summary: expressing advice and necessity (Charts 7-7 + 7-9)

Direen'm: Read the passage, and then give advice either in a discussion group or in writing

Mr and Mrs Hill don't know what to do about their fourteen-year-old son, Mark He's very intellgent but has no interest in school or in learning His grades are getting worse, but he won't do any homework Sometimes he skips school without

permission, and then he writes an excuse for the school and signs his mother's name His older sister, Kathy, is a good student and never causes any problems at home Mark's parents keep asking him why he can't be more like Kathy Kathy makes fun of Mark's school grades and tells him he's stupid

AU Mark does when he's home is stay in his room and listen to very loud music

Sometimes he doesn't even come downstairs to eat meals with his family He argues with his parents whenever they ask him to do chores around the house, like taking out the trash

Mr and Mrs Hill can't stay calm when they talk to him Mrs Hill is always yelling at her son She nags him constantly to do his chores, clean up his room, finish his homework, stand up straight, get a haircut, wash his face, and tie his shoes Mr Hill

is always making new rules Some of the rules are unreasonable For instance, one rule

Mr Hill made was that his son could not listen to music after five o'clock Mark often becomes angry and goes up to his room and slams the door shut

This family needs a lot of advice Tell them what changes they should make What should Mr and Mrs Hill do? What shouldn't they do? What about Kathy? What should she do? And what's Mark got to do to change his life for the better?

Use each of the following words at least once in the advice you give:

b shouldn't f have tohas to

c have got tohas got to g must

d had better

(a) I finished all of my homework this afternoon

I don't h a w to study tonight

(b) Tomorrow is a holiday Mary doam't haw

to PO to class

(c) Children, you must notplay with matches!

PRIVATE: DO NOT ENTER

(e) You mustn't play with matches

Don'tl&ssnJt haw to expresses the idea that

something is not necessary

Must not expresses prohibition (DO NOT DO THIS!)

Must + not = mustn't (Note:The first "t"

0 EXERCISE 26 Lack of necessity (DO NOT HAVE TO) and prohibition (MUST NOT)

(Chart 7-1 0)

Directions: Complete the sentences with don'tldoesn't have to or must not

1 You w& hot drive when you are tired It's dangerous

2 I live only a few blocks fiom my office I Aoh't have t o drive to work

3 Liz finally got a car, so now she usually drives to work She

take the bus

you promise?

B: I promise

:: 7 According to the rules of the game, one player hit or

, : A:?.,' * trip another player

8 If you use a toll-& number, you pay for the phone call

9 A: Did Professor Adams make an assignment?

Chapter 5

10 A: Listen carellly, Annie If a stranger offers you a ride, you

get in the car Never get in a car with a stranger Do you understand?

B: Yes, Mom

./

12 A: Children, your mother and I are going out this evening I want you to be good

- You must do everything the baby-sitter tells you to do You

, , r l go outside after dark It's Saturday night, so you

go to bed at eight You can stay up until eight-thirty And remember: you

pull the cat's tail Okay?

B: Okay, Dad

208 CHAPTER 7

EXERCISE 27 Summary: expressing advice, posslblllty, and necessity

:,A,; (Charts 7-4 and 7-7 + 7-10)

discussion, include as many of the following expressions as possible

, ,

,

-

could

:arol is just recovering from the flu She's at work today She works for a big company It's her 6rst day back to work since she got ill She tires easily and feels a little dizzy

SPEAKER A: Carol ought to talk to her supervisor about leaving work early today

says She's got to take care of her health

shouldn't

boss says

come to work, she's well enough to work a full day Etc

I

1 Steve is a biology major Chemistry is a required course for biology majors Steve doesn't want to take chemistry He would rather take a course in art history or

creative writing His parents want him to become a doctor He's not interested in medicine or science He hasn't told his parents because he doesn't want to disappoint them

*,., &IF% : v ' , , : g!%:&&, '>&.::, ,<i, :,, ~~* , c;

2 Matt and Amy are eighteen years old They are full-time students Their parents are supporting their education Matt and Amy met five weeks ago They fell in love Matt wants to get married next month Amy wants to wait four years until they finish their education Man says he can't wait that long Amy loves him desperately She thinks maybe she should change her mind and marry Matt next month because love conquers all

3 Georgia has just left the supermarket She paid for her groceries in cash When she got her change, the clerk made a mistake and gave her too much money Georgia put the extra money in her purse With her ten-year-old son beside her, she walked out of the store Georgia needs the money and tells herself that the store won't miss it Nobody needs to know

4 This is a story about a rabbit named Rabbit and a frog named Frog Rabbit and Frog are good friends, but Rabbit's family doesn't like Frog, and Frog's family doesn't like Rabbit

Rabbit's family says, "You shouldn't be friends with Frog He's too different from

us He's green and has big eyes H e looks strange You should stay with your own kind."

And Frog's family says, "How can you be friends with Rabbit? He's big and clumsy He's covered with hair and has funny ears Don't bring Rabbit to our house What will the neighbors think?"

-11 MAKlNti L U t i l L A L LUNLLUSIUNS: MUSX

(a) A: Nancy is yawning

B: She must be sleepy

In (a): Speaker B is making a logical guess He bases his guess on the information that Nancy is yawning His logical condusion, his "best guess," is that Nancy is sleepy He uses must to express his logical conclusion

(b) LOGICAL CONCLUSION: Amy plays tennis every

day She must like to play tennis

(c) NECEssIrY: If you want to get into the movie

theater, you must buy a ticket

(d) NEGATIVE LOGICAL CONCLUSION: Eric ate

everything on his plate except the pickle He

must not like pickles

( 4 PROHIBITION: There are sharks in the ocean near

our hotel We must not go swimming there

COMPARE: Must can exprese

I a logical conclusion, as in (b)

1 necessity, as in (c)

COMPARE: Must not can express

a negative logical conclusion, as in (d)

prohibition, as in (e)

210 CHAPTER 7

0 EXERCISE 28 Making logical conclusions: MUST and MUST NOT (Chart 7-1 1)

Example: Emily is crying

1 Mrs Chu has a big smile on her face

2 Nadia is coughing and sneezing

3 Rick is wearing a gold ring on the fourth finger of his left hand

4 Sam is shivering

5 Mr Alvarez just bought three mouse uaps

6 James is sweating

7 Rita rents ten movies every week

8 Olga always gets the highest score on every test she takes

9 Toshi can lift one end of a compact car by himself

EXERCISE 29 Making logical conclusions: MUST and MUST NOT (Chart 7-1 1)

Directions: Complete the dialogues with must or must not

1 A: Did you offer our guests something to drink?

B: Yes, but they didn't want anything They W W ~ w t be thirsty

2 A: You've been out here working in the hot sun for hours You wkst be thirsty B: I am

3 A: Adam has already eaten one sandwich Now he's making another

4 A: I offered Holly something to eat, but she doesn't want anything

5 A: Brian has a red nose and has been coughing and sneezing

6 A Fido? What's wrong, old boy?

B: What's the matter with the dog?

A: He won't eat

7 A: Erica's really bright She always gets above ninety-five percent on her math tests B: I'm sure she's bright, but she also study a lot

8 A: I've called the bank three times, but no one answers the phone The bank

be open today That's mange

B: Today's a holiday, remember?

A: Oh, of course!