TEST BANK microbiology a systems approach cowan 3e chapter010

This is often used in forensic science to distinguish one sequence of DNA from another by comparing the sequence of the strands at specific loci Learning Objective: 10.04 Discuss Souther

Chapter 010 Genetic Engineering a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Multiple Choice Questions

1 The use of an organism's biochemical processes to create a product is

4 DNA strands can be clipped crosswise at selected positions by using enzymes called

5 Geneticists can make complimentary DNA copies of messenger, transfer and

ribosomal RNA by using

7 Sequences of DNA that are identical when read from the 5' to 3' direction on one strand and the 3' to 5' direction on the other strand are

8 Analysis of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis involves

A Larger fragments move slowly and remain closer to

11 DNA fragments can be separated in gel electrophoresis because

A Nitrogenous bases have a net positive

13 In recombinant DNA technique, what enzyme is needed to seal the sticky ends of genes into plasmids or chromosomes?

16 The Western Blot technique detects

19 Two different nucleic acids can _ by uniting at their complementary sites

22 Dideoxynucleotides are used in DNA sequencing because

A They are tagged for

25 DNA polymerases used in PCR

A Use an RNA template to make

26 Which PCR step causes the denaturation of double-stranded DNA?

A Add DNA polymerase and nucleotides at

27 Which PCR step synthesizes complimentary DNA strands?

A Add DNA polymerase and nucleotides at

28 Thermococcus litoralis and Thermus aquaticus are thermophilic bacteria that are

31 Which of the following contain all the requirements for PCR?

A Primers, Taq RNA polymerase,

34 Each of the following are features of a vector except

37 Which of the following is not true of vectors?

A An origin of replication (ORI) is

38 The second step in recombinant DNA, gene cloning and product retrieval is

A Target DNA removed from cells and

39 Which step involves transformation?

A Target DNA removed from cells and

40 Which step can occur even more rapidly by PCR?

A Target DNA removed from cells and

43 Recombinant strains of this organism are released to colonize plant roots to produce

an insecticide to destroy invading insects

46 Transgenic animals are _ modified organisms

49 This is a promising treatment for stopping the expression of an unwanted gene

52 Antisense therapy leads to

A Increased transcription of the target

55 What type of DNA map gives locations and sizes of DNA sections?

57 Which of the following techniques is mismatched with its use in DNA fingerprinting?

A Restriction endonucleases to cut

58 Of the following choices, which could be used in the treatment of a patient in order todetermine their cancer subtype?

True / False Questions

59 Restriction endonucleases are obtained from various species of bacteria

65 Vectors often contain a gene conferring drug resistance to their cloning host, in order

to detect cells harboring the plasmid

True False

66 E coli are excellent hosts for cloning because they possess the mechanisms for

processing and modifying proteins

True False

67 An example of gene therapy is the insertion of the gene for human growth hormone into E coli cells

Chapter 010 Genetic Engineering a Revolution in Molecular Biology Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1 The use of an organism's biochemical processes to create a product is

Learning Objective: 10.01 Provide examples of practical applications of genetic manipulation.

2 The various techniques by which scientists manipulate DNA in the lab are called

3 A technique that separates a readable pattern of DNA fragments is

Learning Objective: 10.03 Describe how gel electrophoresis helps in the analysis of DNA.

4 DNA strands can be clipped crosswise at selected positions by using enzymes

Learning Objective: 10.02 Explain the importance of restriction endonucleases to genetic engineering.

5 Geneticists can make complimentary DNA copies of messenger, transfer and

ribosomal RNA by using

6 EcoRI and HindIII are

Learning Objective: 10.02 Explain the importance of restriction endonucleases to genetic engineering.

7 Sequences of DNA that are identical when read from the 5' to 3' direction on one

strand and the 3' to 5' direction on the other strand are

8 Analysis of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis involves

A Larger fragments move slowly and remain closer to

9 This is often used in forensic science to distinguish one sequence of DNA from

another by comparing the sequence of the strands at specific loci

Learning Objective: 10.04 Discuss Southern blots and how gene probes figure in them.

11 DNA fragments can be separated in gel electrophoresis because

A Nitrogenous bases have a net positive

12 Restriction endonucleases recognize and clip at DNA base sequences called

Learning Objective: 10.03 Describe how gel electrophoresis helps in the analysis of DNA.

13 In recombinant DNA technique, what enzyme is needed to seal the sticky ends of

genes into plasmids or chromosomes?

Learning Objective: 10.02 Explain the importance of restriction endonucleases to genetic engineering.

Objective: 10.07 Describe how you can clone a gene into a bacterium.

14 Labeled, known, short stretches of DNA used to detect a specific sequence of

nucleotides in a mixture are known as

15 Gene probes can be labeled for detection with reporter molecules such as

Learning Objective: 10.04 Discuss Southern blots and how gene probes figure in them.

16 The Western Blot technique detects

Learning Objective: 10.07 Describe how you can clone a gene into a bacterium.

17 The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes are applied to intact cells and

observed microscopically for the presence and location of

18 The Southern blot method analyzes

Learning Objective: 10.04 Discuss Southern blots and how gene probe figure in them.

19 Two different nucleic acids can _ by uniting at their complementary sites

Learning Objective: 10.04 Discuss Southern blots and how gene probes figure in them.

20 Which of the following is not true of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)?

21 The function of the dideoxy (dd) nucleotides that are used in the Sanger method of

Learning Objective: 10.05 Outline the process of DNA sequencing.

22 Dideoxynucleotides are used in DNA sequencing because

A They are tagged for

Learning Objective: 10.05 Outline the process of DNA sequencing.

23 The size of DNA is often given in the number of _ that it contains

24 Amplification of DNA is accomplished by

Learning Objective: 10.06 List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

25 DNA polymerases used in PCR

A Use an RNA template to make

Learning Objective: 10.06 List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

26 Which PCR step causes the denaturation of double-stranded DNA?

A Add DNA polymerase and nucleotides at

27 Which PCR step synthesizes complimentary DNA strands?

A Add DNA polymerase and nucleotides at

Learning Objective: 10.06 List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

28 Thermococcus litoralis and Thermus aquaticus are thermophilic bacteria that are

Learning Objective: 10.06 List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

29 The primers in PCR are

30 If you start with 3 double stranded DNA fragments, after 4 cycles of PCR you will

Learning Objective: 10.06 List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

31 Which of the following contain all the requirements for PCR?

A Primers, Taq RNA polymerase,

Learning Objective: 10.06 List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

32 The deliberate removal of genetic material from one organism and combining it

with the genetic material of another organism is a specific technique called

33 Each of the following are features of a cloning host except

Learning Objective: 10.07 Describe how you can clone a gene into a bacterium.

34 Each of the following are features of a vector except

Learning Objective: 10.07 Describe how you can clone a gene into a bacterium.

35 Common vectors used to transfer a piece of DNA into a cloning host are

36 Genomic _ are collections of isolated genes maintained in a cloning host

Learning Objective: 10.09 Provide several examples of recombinant products that have contributed to human health.

37 Which of the following is not true of vectors?

A An origin of replication (ORI) is

38 The second step in recombinant DNA, gene cloning and product retrieval is

A Target DNA removed from cells and

39 Which step involves transformation?

A Target DNA removed from cells and

Learning Objective: 10.07 Describe how you can clone a gene into a bacterium.

40 Which step can occur even more rapidly by PCR?

A Target DNA removed from cells and

Learning Objective: 10.06 List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.

41 Making new uses for old genomes is called

42 The commercial product Frost ban contains a genetically engineered strain of

Learning Objective: 10.01 Provide examples of practical applications of genetic manipulation.

43 Recombinant strains of this organism are released to colonize plant roots to

produce an insecticide to destroy invading insects

Learning Objective: 10.10 Compare and contrast recombinant bacteria

Learning Objective: and animals Learning Objective: plants

Learning Objective: 10.10 Compare and contrast recombinant bacteria

Learning Objective: and animals Learning Objective: plants

46 Transgenic animals are _ modified organisms

Learning Objective: 10.10 Compare and contrast recombinant bacteria

Learning Objective: and animals Learning Objective: plants

47 Genetically modified organisms include all but

Learning Objective: 10.10 Compare and contrast recombinant bacteria

Learning Objective: and animals Learning Objective: plants

48 When patient tissues are transfected with viruses carrying a needed, normal

human gene, the technique is called

Learning Objective: 10.11 Differentiate between somatic and germ-line gene therapy.

49 This is a promising treatment for stopping the expression of an unwanted gene

Learning Objective: 10.12 Describe at least two gene silencing strategies.

50 The first genetically engineered protein approved for human use was

51 Choose the antisense to the following mRNA sequence:

Learning Objective: 10.12 Describe at least two gene silencing strategies.

52 Antisense therapy leads to

A Increased transcription of the target

Learning Objective: 10.12 Describe at least two gene silencing strategies.

53 Humans share how much DNA similarity with mice?

e at leas t two gen e sile ncin g stra tegi es.

54 Wha

t type

of DNAmap

is mos

t detailed?

A

B

C.D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 14 Disc uss

the sign ifica nce of sing le nucl eoti de poly mor phis ms (SN Ps).

55 Wha

t type

of DNAmapgive

s location

s an

d siz

es

of DNAsections?

A.B

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 14 Disc uss the sign ifica nce of sing le nucl eoti de poly mor phis ms (SN Ps).

56 The stud

y

of genom

es

of

a particul

ar community

is calle

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 14 Disc uss the sign ifica nce of sing le nucl eoti de poly mor phis ms (SN Ps) Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 16 Des crib e the utili ty of DN A mic roar ray anal ysis

57 Whic

h

of th

e followingtechniqu

es

is mismatchedwit

h itsus

e

in DNAfingerprinting?

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 13 Outl ine the gen eral ste ps in DN A pro filin g.

58 Of th

e followingchoices,whichcoul

d beused

in th

e treatmen

t

of

a patie

nt

in orde

r

to determinetheircanc

er subtype?

59 Restrictionendonucleas

es ar

e obtaine

d fro

m vario

us speci

es

of bacteri

a

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 02 Expl ain the imp orta nce of rest ricti on end onu clea ses to gen etic eng inee ring

60 Whe

n DNA

is heated, th

e tw

o stran

ds wil

l separat

e

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 04 Disc uss Sou ther n blot s and how gen e pro bes figu re in the m.

61 Revers

e transcriptas

e

is used

to mak

e cDNAfro

m anRN

A templat

e

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 07 Des crib e how you can clon

e a gen e into a bac teri um.

62 Polyacrylamidege

l isusedforelectrophoresi

s

in th

e Sang

er metho

d

of DNAsequencin

g

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 03 Des crib e how gel elec trop hor esis

hel ps in the anal ysis of DN A.

63 After

3 replicatio

n cycle

s

in PC

R, ther

e wil

l be

a tot

al

of

3 double-strande

d DNAmolecul

es

FA LS E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 06 List

the ste ps in the poly mer ase chai n rea ctio n.

64 Virus

es ar

e oftenused

as cloninghosts

in recombina

nt DNAmetho

ds

FA LS E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 07 Des crib e how

you can clon

e a gen e into a bac teri um.

65 Vector

s oftencontai

n

a geneconferrin

g drugresistanc

e

to theircloninghost,

in orde

r

to dete

ct cel

ls harboringth

e plas

d

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 07 Des crib e how you can clon

e a gen e into a bac teri um.

66 E col

i ar

e excelle

nt hostsforcloningbecaus

e theyposses

s th

e mechanismsforprocessin

g an

d modifyingprotei

ns

FA

LS E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 07 Des crib e how you can clon

e a gen e into a bac teri um.

67 Anexampl

e

of genetherap

y

is th

e insertio

n

of th

e geneforhumangrow

th hormon

e int

o

E col

i cel

ls

FA LS E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti

ve: 10 09 Pro vide sev eral exa mpl es of rec om bin ant pro duc ts that hav e con trib ute

d to hu ma n heal th.

68 Transformationan

d transfectionar

e metho

ds used

to introdu

ce DNAint

o ho

st cel

ls

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 07 Des crib e how you can clon

e a gen e into a

bac teri um.

69 The proces

s

of introducin

g

a needed, norm

al gene, int

o humancel

ls

is calle

d DNAmapping

FA LS E

Lea rnin g Obj

ecti ve: 10 11 Diff ere ntia te bet wee n som atic and ger mli ne gen e ther apy.

70 It is no

w possibl

e

to ve

ry quick

ly mapth

e genom

e

of anorganis

m

or vir

us

TR UE

Lea

rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 15 Des crib e the utili ty of DN A mic roar ray anal ysis

71 VNTR's an

d micr

o satellit

e polymorphismsar

e geneticmarke

rs seen

in DNAfingerprintin

g

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 14 Disc uss the sign

ifica nce of sing le nucl eoti de poly mor phis ms (SN Ps).

72 It is possibl

e

to identif

y mRN

A molecul

es usingfluorescentl

y labele

d cDNA

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti

ve: 10 15 Des crib e the utili ty of DN A mic roar ray anal ysis

73 Identificatio

n

of uniqueDNAfingerprint

s reliesonth

e presen

ce

of singl

e nucleotidepolymorphismsamon

g sampl

es

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 10 14 Disc uss the sign ifica nce of sing le nucl eoti de poly mor phis ms (SN Ps).

Chapter 010 Genetic Engineering a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Summary

Ca te go ry

# of Qu est ion s

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 1 0.

01 Pr ov id

e ex a m pl

es

of pr ac tic

al ap pli ca tio

ns

of ge ne tic m an ip ul ati on 4

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 1 0.

02 Ex pl ai 5

n t

he im po rta nc

e

of re str ict io

n en do nu cl ea se

s t

o ge ne tic en gi ne eri ng Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 1 0.

03 De sc rib

e ho

w ge

l e le ctr op ho re sis he lp

s i

n t

he an al ysi

s

of D NA 6

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 1 0.

04 Di sc us

s So ut he

rn bl ot

s an

d ho

w ge

ne pr ob

e fig ur

e i

n t he m 1

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 1 0.

04 Di sc us

s So ut he

rn bl ot

s an

d ho

w ge

ne pr 5