Tham khảo family word

Word Family Adjective suffixes -able can be done added to make adjectives from verbs avoidable, countable, drinkable, expandable, fashionable, payable, portable, presentable, reliable,

1 Word Family

Adjective suffixes

-able can be done

added to make adjectives

from verbs

avoidable, countable, drinkable, expandable, fashionable, payable, portable, presentable, reliable, replaceable, suitable, washable -al relating to

added to make adjectives

from verbs or nouns

accidental, annual, beneficial, brutal, central, commercial, economical, emotional, financial, gradual, industrial, influential, legal, manual, musical, neutral, optional, political, provincial, regional, universal

-ary relating to, or quality of auxiliary, cautionary, complimentary, contrary,

customary, honorary, legendary, momentary, ordinary, primary, revolutionary, secondary, stationary, temporary

-ate quality of

added to make adjectives

from verbs or nouns

adequate, commensurate, compassionate, considerate, disparate, fortunate, legitimate, moderate, obstinate

-en made of, or state or

quality of

ashen, frozen, wooden

-ent relating to, or quality of

added to make adjectives

from verbs

confident, dependent, different, eloquent, equivalent, excellent, latent, urgent -ful full of

added to make adjectives

from

beautiful, delightful, dutiful, hopeful, peaceful, resourceful, shameful, skillful, thoughtful -ible can be done accessible, edible, flexible, legible, permissible,

sensible, visible -ic the nature of

added to make adjectives

from nouns

athletic, heroic, historic, metallic, mythic, poetic, scenic, scientific, symbolic

-ical the nature of

added to make adjectives

from nouns

alphabetical, economical, logical, musical, practical, statistical

-ing quality of amazing, amusing, confusing, entertaining,

interesting, relaxing, surprising, vexing -ish origin, nature childish, foolish, selfish, sluggish

-ive causing, quality of

added to make adjectives

from verbs

active, attractive, conclusive, creative, destructive, effective, extensive, imaginative, impressive, persuasive, repetitive, selective -less without

added to make adjectives

from nouns or verbs

careless, endless, homeless, hopeless, mindless, painless, thoughtless, useless, worthless

-ly quality of costly, friendly, orderly

-ory relating to advisory, contradictory, directory, preparatory

-ous quality of

added to make adjectives

from nouns

advantageous, anxious, contagious, continuous, courageous, courteous, dangerous, envious, famous, furious, invidious, jealous, ludicrous, mysterious, nauseous, nervous, nutritious, ominous, perilous, poisonous, spacious, victorious

-worthy quality of

added to make adjectives

from nouns

creditworthy, newsworthy, praiseworthy, roadworthy, trustworthy

-y having, like

added to make adjectives

from nouns

bumpy, chilly, filthy, foggy, gaudy, greedy, juicy, lucky, miserly, pithy, pricey, risky, shiny, shoddy, sleazy, sturdy, witty

Noun suffixes

-acy state or quality of accuracy, conspiracy, delicacy, diplomacy,

illiteracy, intricacy, legacy, literacy, obstinacy, privacy

-age state, act, or collection

of

baggage, breakage, forage, package, salvage, storage, wastage

-al act or process of

added to some verbs to

make nouns

arrival, denial, dismissal, proposal, refusal

-ance state or condition of abundance, acceptance, allowance, appearance,

arrogance, assistance, attendance, clearance, defiance, elegance, endurance, extravagance, fragrance, ignorance, instance, maintenance, relevance, reluctance, resistance, significance, tolerance, vengeance

-ancy state or quality of expectancy, hesitancy, militancy, occupancy,

redundancy, vacancy -ant person or agent assistant, consultant, informant

-dom state or quality of, or

position

freedom, kingdom, wisdom

-ence action, state, or quality

of

absence, competence, dependence, eminence, impudence, incoherence, insistence, interference, obedience, occurrence, persistence, preference, sequence

-ency state or quality of currency, efficiency, emergency, expediency,

frequency, leniency, urgency -er someone who advertiser, astronomer, buyer, carrier, explorer,

interpreter, retailer, ruler, teacher, trainer, worker -ery relating to, quality of,

or place where

bravery, bribery, discovery, misery, nursery, recovery, refinery, robbery, stationery

-hood state or quality of

added to make abstract

nouns from nouns

adulthood, childhood, livelihood, motherhood, neighborhood

-ice condition or quality of justice, malice

-ion relating to discussion, election, emission

-ism belief or manner of altruism, feminism, heroism

-ist someone who economist, journalist, pianist, psychologist,

realist, soloist, typist, violinist -ity condition or quality of ability, authenticity, capacity, civility, clarity,

curiosity, equality, flexibility, publicity, responsibility, similarity, vanity, veracity -ment state, process, or result

of

added to make nouns from

verbs

amendment, employment, enjoyment, entertainment, excitement, procurement, punishment, refreshment

-ness condition or state of

added to make abstract

nouns from adjectives

consciousness, darkness, goodness, kindness, stubbornness, weakness

-or someone who director, governor, instigator, operator,

supervisor, survivor -ship quality of, or position citizenship, fellowship, friendship, internship,

kinship, leadership, relationship -sion state of admission, concussion, expansion, inclusion -sy state or quality of controversy, courtesy, fantasy, heresy, jealousy -tion state or act of

added to make nouns from

verbs

administration, admiration, alteration, celebration, communication, demonstration, deviation, inspiration, justification, pollution, separation, transition

Adverb suffixes

-ally manner or degree

added to make adverbs

from adjectives

annually, enthusiastically

-ly in the manner of busily, clearly, daily, eagerly, faintly,

fortunately, monthly, neatly, ordinarily, partially, precisely, relatively, slightly, weekly

-ward in the direction of backward, downward, forward, northward,

upward -wide throughout an area countrywide, nationwide, statewide, worldwide -wise in the manner of,

pertaining to

clockwise, health-wise, lengthwise

Verb suffixes

-ate become accelerate, activate, aggravate, captivate,

collaborate, commiserate, demonstrate, devastate, differentiate, duplicate, elevate, eradicate, fabricate, fascinate, incorporate, initiate, insulate, isolate, liberate, liquidate, mitigate, originate, reciprocate, regulate, segregate

-en make or become

added to make verbs from

adjectives and nouns

awaken, broaden, darken, deepen, fasten, flatten, frighten, lengthen, lighten, liven, moisten, ripen, sharpen, shorten, strengthen, sweeten, weaken, widen

-ify/-efy make or become

added to make verbs from

adjectives and nouns

amplify, beautify, certify, clarify, classify, electrify, exemplify, falsify, fortify, intensify, justify, magnify, modify, notify, petrify, purify, quantify, rarefy, ratify, simplify, solidify, specify, stupefy, testify, terrify, unify, verify -ize become or make acclimatize, apologize, authorize, capitalize,

centralize, characterize, computerize, criticize, emphasize, energize, generalize, hospitalize, immunize, industrialize, legalize, modernize, monopolize, neutralize, normalize, organize, pressurize, prioritize, sanitize, scrutinize, specialize, stabilize, sterilize, symbolize, sympathize, synchronize, theorize, utilize, vandalize, visualize

2 Commonly Confused Words

Study the differences between these words that are easy to confuse

accept to receive or agree (to do) except not including

advice recommendation (noun) advise to recommend (verb)

affect to change (verb) effect result (noun) or to bring

about (verb)

all together all in one place/at one time altogether completely

complement to add to/match compliment to praise/admire

confidant close friend confident sure/certain

device gadget/appliance devise to invent/plan

envelop to surround/enclose envelope paper cover for a letter

excess a larger amount than is

needed

access to gain entry

3 Multiple Meaning

4 Words with Similar Meanings

abandon, disregard, neglect, overlook

abide, endure, tolerate, undergo

abolish, demolish, destroy, devastate

absolve, excuse, exonerate, vindicate

abstinence, control, moderation, restraint

abundant, ample, comprehensive,

inclusive

accept, acquire, obtain, receive

acclaim, admiration, commendation,

praise

accompany, escort, guide, usher

accounts, data, files, records

accuse, blame, charge, indict

ache, pain, soreness, twinge

achieve, execute, perform, realize

cargo, goods, provisions, supplies categorize, label, orchestrate, systematize celebrity, genius, legend, prodigy

charming, picturesque, quaint, scenic check, frustrate, prevent, thwart coach, instructor, lecturer, tutor coercion, domination, repression, supremacy

collaboration, cooperation, partnership, teamwork

collective, common, mutual, reciprocal commotion, muddle, tumult, upheaval confrontation, hostility, opposition, resistance

conscientious, precise, rigorous,

acknowledge, admit, compromise,

concede

adhesion, commitment, compulsion,

devotion

adroit, deft, dexterous, nimble

advance, credit, loan, mortgage

allege, assert, claim, stress

allege, claim, contend, imply

alike, comparable, equivalent, identical

alteration, discrepancy, divergence,

variation

amount, capacity, extent, quantity

analyze, detect, observe, scrutinize

ancient, antique, archaic, dated

appreciation, approval, authorization,

endorsement

apprentice, novice, subordinate, trainee

apt, liable, likely, prone

aptitude, capacity, competence,

proficiency

arise, augment, boost, ensue

arrears, debit, debt, overdraft

assert, command, decree, proclaim

assess, deem, estimate, gauge

assist, expedite, facilitate, support

associate, implicate, insinuate, involve

assumption, hypothesis, premise, theory

auspicious, beneficial, favorable,

propitious

ban, forbid, prohibit, veto

barrier, drawback, hitch, obstruction

betray, deceive, delude, mislead

bias, chauvinism, injustice, prejudice

bill, fee, rate, tab

bizarre, distinctive, remarkable, unique

blemish, deficiency, flaw, imperfection

booming, fertile, lush, thriving

breakthrough, creation, discovery,

invention

bystander, eyewitness, observer, spectator

cargo, consignment, freight, load

fault, guilt, liability, responsibility

formula, method, scheme, stratagem

hazard, peril, risk, vulnerability

hinder, inhibit, repress, stifle

scrupulous conservation, maintenance, preservation, retention

constancy, integrity, reliability, veracity constraint, obligation, prerequisite, requirement

convivial, cordial, genial, hospitable correct, remedy, renovate, repair cost, price, value, worth

coverage, exposure, leak, revelation custom, habit, routine, tradition decline, desist, forsake, relinquish delay, interrupt, linger, suspend deliberate, memorize, muse, reminisce delicate, faint, familiar, intimate depreciate, diminish, minimize, weaken deserve, justify, merit, warrant

development, enhancement, enrichment, supplement

diligence, perseverance, preparedness, watchfulness

directive, ordinance, regulation, statute discard, dispose, eradicate, reject discharge, exonerate, forgive, vindicate distinctive, eccentric, idiosyncratic, weird diversity, mixture, selection, variety dormant, quiescent, quiet, sluggish elucidate, exemplify, expound, illustrate encourage, promote, soar, sustain

equitable, fair, impartial, just erratic, inconsistent, patchy, unreliable ethical, just, moral, proper

evolution, headway, progression, sequence

exchangeable, negotiable, redeemable, transferable

excursion, expedition, journey, voyage exemplar, hypothesis, paradigm, premise expedient, functional, pragmatic, serviceable

infuse, permeate, pervade, saturate irremediable, irreparable, irretrievable, irreversible

lawful, legal, legitimate, official lean, meager, slight, slim

impulse, inkling, instinct, suspicion

indignant, resentful, vengeful, vindictive

logical, rational, reasonable, sensible prevalent, ubiquitous, universal, widespread

5 British and American English

British American Meaning

Primary school Elementary school Trường tiểu học

Secondary school High school Trường cấp ba

Mobile phone Cell phone Điện thoại di động

City centre Downtown Trung tâm thành phố

Bin/dustin Garbage can/trash can Thùng rác

TV programme TV program Chương trình TV

Shop assistant Sales clerk Nhân viên bán hàng

Off-licence Liquor store Cửa hàng bán rượu

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