Experiencing MIS 10th by m kronenke chapter 04

Basic Types of HardwareFigure 4-1 Basic Types of Hardware Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?. Server FarmFigure 4-2 Server Farm Source: © Andrew Tw

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“3D Printing Our Own Drones Isn’t Going to Save Us Enough Money.”

• Investigating using 3D-printed parts to make drones in-house.

 Cost-savings, greater flexibility updating current fleet.

• Not enough parts can be replicated.

 Nonprintable component parts.

• Maybe not compatible with internal systems.

• Passive recharging platform using 3D-printed parts a huge success.

• Frustrating, costly to be on “bleeding edge.”

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Study Questions

Q4-1 What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?

Q4-2 How can new hardware affect competitive strategies?

Q4-3 What do business professionals need to know about software?

Q4-4 Is open source software a viable alternative?

Q4-5 What are the differences between native and Web applications?

Q4-6 Why are mobile systems increasingly important?

Q4-7 What are the challenges of personal mobile devices at work?

Q4-8 2027?

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Processors and Memory

Central processing unit (CPU) - “the brain.”

Dual-processor and Quad-processor computers.

CPUs vary in speed, function, cost

CPU works in conjunction with main memory (RAM)

CPU reads data and instructions from memory, and stores results of computation in memory

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Storage Hardware

Save data and programs

Common storage devices

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Basic Types of Hardware

Figure 4-1 Basic Types of Hardware

Personal computer (PC)

Tablet

Including e-book readers iPad, Microsoft Surface, Google Nexus, Kindle Fire

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Server Farm

Figure 4-2 Server Farm

Source: © Andrew Twort/Alamy

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Computer Data: Binary Digits (Bits)

Figure 4-3 Bits Are Easy to Represent Physically

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Important Storage Capacity Terminology

Figure 4-4 Important Storage-Capacity Terminology

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Specifying Hardware with Computer Data Sizes

Disk capacities specified by amount of bytes

500 GB

CPU speed expressed in cycles called hertz

Slow personal computer speed of 3 Gigahertz

Fast PC 3.5+ GHz.

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Disruptive New Tech Hardware

Potentially disruptive hardware developments for existing organizations

1. Internet of Things (IoT)

2. Digital Reality Devices

3. Self-driving Cars

4. 3D Printing

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Internet of Things (IoT)

Everyday objects embedded with hardware capable of sensing, processing, transmitting data

Objects share data via a network with any other application, service, or device

Figure 4-5 Smartphone DevelopmentSource: Grgroup/Fotolia

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Impact of the Internet of Things

GE’s Industrial Internet

Increase efficiencies, reduce waste, improve decision making

Greatest potential for smart devices in hospitals, power grids, railroads, and manufacturing plants.

Smart buildings (Microsoft)

ID problems like wasteful lighting, competing heating and cooling systems, rogue fans, etc.

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Digital Reality Devices

Tremendous potential to revolutionize our daily lives

Will create entirely new types of companies

Change the way people live, work, shop, and entertain themselves

Different levels of digital reality on a continuum from completely real environments to completely virtual environments.

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Digital Reality Devices (cont’d)

Augmented reality (AR) is the altering of reality by overlaying digital information on real-world objects.

Mixed reality (MR) is the combination of the real physical world with interactive virtual images or objects.

Virtual reality (VR), or a completely computer-generated virtual world with interactive digital objects.

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Digital Reality Devices (cont’d)

Figure 4-7 Levels of Digital Reality

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Self-driving Cars by 2020

Make things easier, cheaper, safer

Automobile accidents may become a thing of the past

Car insurance eliminated (?).

Eliminate need to have multiple cars

Avoid costly traffic tickets, parking tickets, DUI citations

Figure 4-9 Future Cars Will Drive ThemselvesSource: Dan Race/Fotolia

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Self-driving Cars Will Disrupt Businesses

Auto sales - Fewer cars on road may mean fewer cars sold

Auto loans, insurance, collision repair shops

More jobs for engineers, programmers, systems designers

More computer hardware, sensors, and cameras in vehicles

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3D Printing

Plastics, metals, ceramics, foods, biological material

Opportunities in aerospace, defense, automotive, entertainment, and healthcare industries

What happens when 3D-print extra-large objects like cars, airplanes, boats, houses, drones, etc becomes possible?

Figure 4-10 3D PrinterSource: Seraficus/iStock/Getty Images

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Existing 3D Printing Examples

ChefJet

Culinary artists and novices can produce intricate, beautiful, and fully customized deserts.

Living cells

Organs, bones, heart valves, skin, joints.

Houses & buildings

Print house in 24 hours.

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Categories of Computer Software

Figure 4-11 Categories of Computer Software

Client Programs that control the client computer’s resources Applications that are processed on client computers

Server Programs that control the server computer’s resources Applications that are processed on server computers

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Major Operating Systems

Figure 4-12 Major Operating Systems

Nonmobile Clients

Windows Personal computer clients Most widely used operating system in business Current version is Windows 10 Includes a touch interface

Mac OS Macintosh clients First used by graphic artists and others in arts community; now used more widely First desktop OS to provide a

touch interface Current version is the macOS Sierra

Unix Workstation clients Popular on powerful client computers used in engineering, computer-assisted design, architecture Difficult for

the nontechnical user Almost never used by business clients

Linux Just about anything Open source variant of Unix Adapted to almost every type of computing device On a PC, used with Libre Office

application software Rarely used by business clients

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Major Operating Systems (cont’d)

Figure 4-12 Major Operating Systems

Mobile Clients

Symbian Nokia, Samsung, and other phones Popular worldwide, but less so in North America

BlackBerry OS Research in Motion BlackBerries Device and OS developed for use by business Very popular in beginning, but losing market

share to iOS and Android

iOS iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad Rapidly increasing installed base with success of the iPhone and iPad Based on Mac OS X

smartphones; tablets Linux-based phone/tablet operating system from Google Rapidly increasing market share.

Windows 10 (mobile) Nokia and Microsoft Surface Windows 10 tailored specifically for mobile devices Full Windows 10 on Surface Pro

Servers

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Example of the Modern Interface

Figure 4-13 Example of the Modern-Style Interface

Source: Microsoft Corporation

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Linux Mint Virtual Machine Running in Microsoft Windows 7 Professional

Figure 4-14 Linux Mint Virtual Machine Running in Microsoft Windows 7 Professional

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Windows Server Computer Hosting Two Virtual Machines

Figure 4-15 Windows Server Computer Hosting Two Virtual Machines

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How Virtual Machine Example

Figure 4-16 Virtual Machine Example

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Own Versus License

License

Right to use specified number of copies

Limits vendor’s liability

Site License

Flat fee to install software product on all company computers or all computers at specific site.

Open Source

No license fee

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What Types of Applications Exist, and How Do Organizations Obtain Them?

Figure 4-17 Software Sources and Types

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What Is Firmware?

Special software installed on read-only memory (ROM)

Printers, print servers, communication devices.

As if program’s logic is designed into device’s circuitry.

Can be changed and upgraded like other software, but normally a task for IS professionals.

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New from CES 2016

So What?

Transparent and Flexible TVs

Looks like a normal piece of tinted glass when you’re done watching it.

LG’s new 18-inch flexible display rolls up like a sheet of paper.

DietSensor

Scans the food you’re about to eat and determines the amount of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the food.

“it” Smart Bed

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Examples of Open Source Software

LibreOffice (default office suite in Linux distributions)

Firefox (a browser)

MySQL (a DBMS, see Chapter 5)

Apache (a Web server, see Chapter 6)

Ubuntu (a Windows-like desktop operating system)

Android (a mobile device operating system)

Cassandra (a NoSQL DBMS, see Chapter 5)

Hadoop (a BigData processing system, see Chapter 9)

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Why Do Programmers Volunteer Their Services to Open Source Projects?

Exercise creativity on interesting & fulfilling projects

Freedom to choose projects

Exhibit skills to get a job

Start a business selling services

Succeeds because of collaboration

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Source Code Sample

Figure 4-18 Source Code Sample

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Source code: Human

readable computer code

Machine code: Source code compiled into instructions executed directly by computer’s CPU

How Does Open Source Work?

Closed-source or proprietary softwa re

Only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors

Open-source software available to public.

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So, Is Open Source Viable?

Depends on requirements and constraints

“Free” open source software might require support and operational costs exceeding cost of licensing fee

Blending proprietary and open source software in future

Closed source project

Highly protected source code, only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors.

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Native vs Web Applications

Figure 4-19 Characteristics of Native and Web Applications

Development Languages

Objective-C Java C#, C++, VB.NET, Swift (object-oriented languages)

html5 css3 JavaScript (scripting language)

business professionals

Computer science Information systems Graphics design

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Native vs Web Applications (cont’d)

Figure 4-19 Characteristics of Native and Web Applications

Cost High Difficult work by highly paid employees, multiple

versions required.

Low to high easier work by lesser-paid employees, only multiple browser files necessary Sophisticated applications may require high skill and pay.

Picozu editor: www.picozu.com/editor

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Developing Native Applications

Run on any operating system and device

Serious, heavy-duty, professional programming languages

Objective-C, C#, C++, Swift, Java, VB.NET, etc.

Close control over computing device, enable creation of sophisticated and complex user interfaces

Fast and efficient use of memory.

Limited to type of operating system

Costly development

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Developing Web Applications

Web development languages: html5, css3, Javascript

Browsers handle idiosyncrasies of operating system and underlying hardware

html5: support for graphics, animation, 2D animations, other sophisticated user experiences

css3: used with html5 to specify appearance of html coded content

JavaScript: provides underlying logic of application.

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GetHuGames SpiroCanvas

Figure 4-20 GethuGames’ SpiroCanvas

Source: www.gethugames.in/spirocanvas/ Reprinted by permission

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Sophisticated HTML5 Application

Figure 4-21 Sophisticated html5 Application

Source: Image created using the BioDigital Human (www.biodigital.com)

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Tolerance for managing technical projects.

Need for application revenue.

Thin-client applications cheaper to develop and maintain

May lack "Wow!" factor

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Ethics Guide: Free Apps for Data

Ethics Guide

How do you monetize “free” apps?

“If you’re not paying for it, you are the product

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Free Apps For Data

Ethics Guide

Permissions Super-Bright LED Flashlight Brightest Flashlight Free Brightest LED Flashlight Flashlight High-Powered Flashlight Tiny Flashlight + LED

Receive data from Internet

Change system display settings

Control vibration

X

Modify or delete the contents of your storage

View Wi-Fi connections

Read Home settings and shortcuts

Disable your screen lock

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Elements of Mobile Systems

Figure 4-22 Elements of a Mobile Information System

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Five Components of Mobile Change and Opportunity

Figure 4-23 Five Components of Mobile Change and Opportunity

Hardware Software Data Procedures People

Impact of mobile systems

Always on, always at work

Employee lifestyle becomes hybrid of personal and professional

Ability to thrive in a dynamic environment more important

Industry changes

PCs less important; high demand (and requirement) for innovative devices as well as cheap copycats

html5, css3, and JavaScript increase capability of thin-clients

Loss of control Ad model in danger? Personal mobile devices at work.

More part-time employees and independent contractors

Career opportunities Jobs for mobile device sales,

marketing, support

New technology levels the playing field for html5 Business expertise needed for mobile requirements

New companies!

Reporting and data mining even more important Design of effective mobile reports

Innovative use of just-in-time data Need for adjusting business processes gives another premium to nonroutine problem solvers

Independent contractors (and some employees) work where and when they want What is this new social organism?

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