AS NZS 2293 1 1998 emergency evacuation lighting for buildin

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA / STANDARDS NEW ZEALANDAustralian / New Zealand Standard Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings Part 1: System design, installation and operation 1.1 SCOPE AND A

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AS/NZS 2293.1:1998 Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings - System design,

installation and operation

Licensed to LUU MINH LUAN on 25 Feb 2002

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings

Part 1: System design, installation and operation

Committee LG/7, Emergency Lighting in Buildings It was approved on behalf ofthe Council of Standards Australia on 25 February 1998 and on behalf of theCouncil of Standards New Zealand on 27 February 1998 It was published on

5 May 1998

The following interests are represented on Committee LG/1:

The Association of Consulting Engineers AustraliaAustralian Building Codes Board

Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers AssociationAustralian Institute of Building Surveyors

Building Control Commission, VictoriaBuilding Industry Authority, New ZealandDepartment of Public Works and Housing, QueenslandDepartment of Public Works and Services, New South WalesIlluminating Engineering Society of Australia and New ZealandNational Electrical Contractors Association of Australia

New South Wales Fire BrigadesNew Zealand Electrical Regulatory AuthoritiesNew Zealand Manufacturers FederationProperty Council of Australia

WorkCover New South WalesWORKS Australia

Review of Standards To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/

New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by theissue of amendments or new editions as necessary It is important therefore thatStandards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and anyamendments thereto

Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the StandardsAustralia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information issupplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’ and ‘StandardsNew Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of newpublications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards

Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of eitherStandards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed Notification of anyinaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should bemade without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate actiontaken

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 97362.

AS/NZS 2293.1:1998

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings

Part 1: System design, installation and operation

Originated in Australia as part of AS 2293.1 — 1979.

Final Australian edition AS 2293.1 — 1987.

Originated in New Zealand as part of NZS 6742:1971.

AS 2293.1 — 1987 and NZS 6742:1971 jointly revised,

in part, and designated AS/NZS 2293.1:1995.

Second edition 1998.

Published jointly by:

Standards Australia

1 The Crescent,Homebush NSW 2140 AustraliaStandards New Zealand

Level 10, Radio New Zealand House,

155 The Terrace,Wellington 6001 New Zealand

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New ZealandCommittee LG/7, Emergency Lighting in Buildings, to supersede AS/NZS 2293.1:1995

Emergency lighting for buildings, Part 1: System design, installation and operation.

The Standard sets out requirements for the design, installation and operation of emergencyevacuation lighting systems for buildings The objective of these requirements is to ensurethe provision of visual conditions that will alleviate panic and facilitate safe evacuation ofthe building occupants should this be necessary in the event of failure of the normallighting

The objective of this edition is to introduce a number of necessary changes, particularlythose sought by the Australian Building Codes Board, with a view to the Standard being

in a form that is suitable for reference in the Building Code of Australia

Attention is drawn to the need for emergency evacuation lighting systems to be regularlymaintained In this regard it should be noted that AS/NZS 2293.2* specifies the periodicinspection and maintenance checks that should be carried out to ensure that emergencyevacuation lighting systems will continue to function effectively

For direct lighting systems, two alternative methods are specified for deriving the requiredspacings for emergency luminaires, viz

(a) A set of rules involving the classification of emergency luminaires according totheir light output distribution (see AS/NZS 2293.3*) coupled with requirementsrelating the luminaire mounting height and maximum spacing (see Clauses 5.3.2.2and 5.3.2.3, and Tables 5.1 to 5.5)

(b) Calculations of the illuminance at floor level conducted in a specified manner(see Clause 5.3.2.4)

There are differences in the way in which the methods described in Items (a) and (b) arespecified for separate application in Australia and New Zealand, as explained below.For Australian purposes, the spacing rules continue to be based on illuminancecalculations in which only the luminous flux that reaches the floor directly from theemergency luminaires is taken into account

For New Zealand purposes, similar spacing rules apply to those for use in Australiaexcept that a separate luminaire classification is calculated for each room or space that is

to be provided with emergency lighting For illuminance calculations, the luminous fluxthat reaches the floor both directly and indirectly (by reflection from room surfaces) istaken into account

The above differences arise in part from different regulatory positions in Australia andNew Zealand In particular, the different requirements arise from the following:

(i) In New Zealand The underlying basis for the requirements is the provision of anilluminance of not less than 1 lx at any point, as required by the New ZealandBuilding Code Both the direct and inter-reflected luminous flux components aretaken into account

(ii) In Australia The underlying basis for the requirements is the provision of anilluminance not less than 0.2 lx at the mid-point between adjacent luminaires Onlythe direct component of luminous flux is taken into account

The differences between the New Zealand and Australian positions are, in practice, not aslarge as they appear For a number of practical reasons, emergency lighting systemsdesigned in accordance with the Australian spacing rules (i.e Tables 5.1 to 5.5) have, bymeasurement, been observed to provide illuminances comparable to those required by theNew Zealand Building Code.

Differences also exist with respect to the installation of exit signs For Australia, therequirements of Clause 5.6 are similar to those of AS 2293.1 — 1987 but with somechanges For New Zealand, Clause 5.7 requires compliance with Approved Document F8

of the New Zealand Building Code

The abovementioned differences will be given further attention in a future revision of theStandard, having regard to any developments with respect to internationalrecommendations covering this subject

The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define theapplication of the appendix to which they apply A ‘normative’ appendix is an integralpart of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information andguidance

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Page

FOREWORD 6

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 7

1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 7

1.3 DEFINITIONS 8

1.4 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER STANDARDS 11

1.5 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS 11

1.6 ALTERATIONS AND ADDITIONS 11

SECTION 2 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE, ARRANGEMENT AND CONTROL 2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION 12

2.2 OPERATION OF EMERGENCY LUMINAIRES AND EXIT SIGNS 12

2.3 DURATION OF OPERATION 12

2.4 ARRANGEMENT AND CONTROL 12

2.5 LABELLING OF DEVICES CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF EMERGENCY LIGHTING 13

2.6 COMMISSIONING TEST 13

SECTION 3 EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLIES FOR CENTRAL SYSTEMS 3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION 14

3.2 EMERGENCY POWER SOURCE 14

3.3 BATTERIES AND THEIR INSTALLATION 15

3.4 BATTERY CHARGER ASSEMBLY 17

3.5 INVERTERS 19

3.6 ALARM SYSTEMS 19

SECTION 4 PROVISION OF DISCHARGE TEST FACILITIES 4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION 21

4.2 REQUIRED FACILITIES 21

4.3 MANUAL TESTING FACILITIES 21

4.4 AUTOMATIC TESTING FACILITIES 22

SECTION 5 INSTALLATION OF EMERGENCY LUMINAIRES AND EXIT SIGNS 5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION 23

5.2 PROVISION OF EMERGENCY LUMINAIRES AND EXIT SIGNS 23

5.3 INSTALLATIONS EMPLOYING DIRECT LIGHTING 23

5.4 INSTALLATIONS EMPLOYING INDIRECT LIGHTING 27

5.5 LIGHTING OF STAIRWAYS 33

5.6 INSTALLATION OF EXIT SIGNS (IN AUSTRALIA) 34

5.7 INSTALLATION OF EXIT SIGNS (IN NEW ZEALAND) 35

5.8 IDENTIFICATION OF EMERGENCY LUMINAIRES 35

SECTION 6 INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL WIRING AND EQUIPMENT

FOR CENTRAL SYSTEMS6.1 SCOPE OF SECTION 366.2 CIRCUIT VOLTAGE DROP 36

6.4 PROTECTION OF THE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONAGAINST FIRE 36

SECTION 7 INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR MAINTAINING THE SYSTEM

7.1 SCOPE OF SECTION 41

APPENDICES

A REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 43

B TERMINAL BOX FOR THE CONNECTION OF EMERGENCY

C DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATING CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS OR

D FORMS OF CONSTRUCTION DEEMED TO PROVIDE AFIRE-RESISTANCE LEVEL OF 15/15/15 56

The term ‘emergency lighting’ is commonly used to refer to the following types oflighting systems, one or more of which may be provided in a building to guard against thepossible loss of the normal lighting:

(a) Standby lighting Standby lighting systems generally provide relatively highlighting levels, which will permit normal activities to continue

(b) Safety lighting Safety lighting systems are intended to ensure the safety of workers

in proximity to hazardous equipment or processes

(c) Evacuation or escape lighting Evacuation or escape lighting systems are intended

to provide visual conditions that will permit the safe evacuation of people frombuildings

This Standard is concerned only with emergency evacuation or escape lighting Theemergency lighting required by this Standard may be provided either by central systems*

or single-point systems*, or by a combination of the two Both systems have particularadvantages and disadvantages; consequently, no recommendation is made as to whichshould be employed

Attention is drawn to the fact that the reflectance of the main interior surfaces (especiallywalls and other vertical surfaces) will significantly influence the visual conditionsprovided by an emergency lighting installation It is therefore recommended that thecolour of these surfaces be as light in tone as practicable

It is recognized that the presence of smoke will have a detrimental effect on the visualconditions provided by emergency lighting The Committee is of the view that there is nopractical way of ensuring that the lighting system will continue to be effective undersmoke conditions, and that dependence must be placed on other measures such as buildingconstruction and ventilation to keep escape paths as free as possible from smoke

There are developing techniques (e.g wayfinding systems) that, when applied to escaperoutes in addition to conventional emergency evacuation lighting, can enhance the visualguidance afforded during an emergency involving loss of the normal lighting Thesetechniques are not covered in this Standard

The nature of an emergency lighting system is such that one can never predict when itmay be called upon to function Consequently, although it is important that the system iscorrectly installed and initially operates satisfactorily, it is equally important that regularinspection and maintenance procedures are instituted to ensure that the system will be in astate of readiness for operation at all times The necessary procedures are set out in

AS/NZS 2293.2, Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings , Part 2: Inspection and

maintenance.

* See relevant definitions in Clause 1.3.

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA / STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian / New Zealand Standard Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings

Part 1: System design, installation and operation

1.1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION

1.1.1 Scope This Standard specifies requirements for the equipment used and practicesadopted in the provision of electric emergency evacuation lighting for buildings.Requirements for emergency luminaires and exit signs are specified by reference toAS/NZS 2293.3 The objective of the Standard is to provide visual conditions which willalleviate panic and permit safe evacuation of the building occupants, should this benecessary, in the event of failure of the electrical supply to the normal lighting

The Standard does not specify the types of buildings or the particular areas of buildingswhich should be provided with emergency evacuation lighting This will normally be amatter for determination in accordance with the relevant building regulations (See theBuilding Code of Australia or the New Zealand Building Code, as applicable.)

There are some differences in the requirements specified for application in Australia andthose for application in New Zealand Such differences are identified at the appropriateplace by a qualification such as ‘In Australia’ or ‘In New Zealand’, as applicable

NOTES:

1 As it is never known when the emergency evacuation lighting may be called upon, it isessential that the system be regularly maintained AS/NZS 2293.2 sets out inspection andmaintenance procedures which are intended to ensure that the installation will continue tocomply with this Standard

2 In Australia, requirements for the provision of emergency lighting in lift cars are given in

AS 1735 In New Zealand, the comparable requirements are given in ApprovedDocument D2 of the New Zealand Building Code

3 AS 3009 specifies requirements for the emergency standby lighting necessary in hospitalsfor continued patient care and requires that emergency evacuation lighting be provided inaccordance with the requirements of this Standard and relevant building regulations

1.1.2 Application This Standard will be referenced in the Building Code of Australia

by way of BCA Amendment 3 to be published by 1 July 1998, thereby superseding theprevious referenced edition, AS 2293.1 — 1987

This Standard may be called up by the Building Industry Authority in the Fire Safetysections of the Approved Documents which are expected to be re-published in 1999,thereby replacing AS/NZS 2293.1:1995 which is currently referenced by the New ZealandBuilding Code Handbook, Approved Document F6 as an Acceptable Solution to theNew Zealand Building Code

1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS A list of the documents referred to in thisStandard is given in Appendix A

Building Code of Australia or the New Zealand Building Code, as appropriate, and thosebelow apply.

NOTE: Definitions of lighting quantities are of the simplified form given in AS 3665, to convey

a basic understanding of the concepts involved For the more precise primary definitions ofthese terms reference should be made to AS 1852.845

1.3.1 Ambient temperature—the dry-bulb temperature in still air, averaged over a

period of 8 h

1.3.2 Approved—approved by the regulatory authority.

1.3.3 Battery—a unit consisting of one or more cells connected in a series, parallel or

series-parallel arrangement to supply the voltage and current requirements of a connectedload

1.3.4 Boost charge—a system of charging adopted to recover the battery in accordance

with the duty requirements of the system, the voltage of the system under thesecircumstances being outside the normal permissible limits of the system

1.3.5 Cell—the basic single unit consisting of case, electrolyte, positive and negative

plates, and connecting terminals, used for storing electric energy by electrolytic processes

1.3.6 Central (emergency lighting) system—a system of emergency lighting in which a

number of emergency luminaires and exit signs are supplied from a common powersource

NOTE: Within a building there may be several power sources each of which supplies theemergency luminaires and exit signs in a particular section of the building

1.3.7 Combined emergency luminaire (combined exit sign)—a maintained ornon-maintained emergency luminaire (exit sign) which incorporates an additional lampenergized from the normal lighting supply

NOTE: The term ‘sustained emergency luminaire’ (‘sustained exit sign’) is sometimes used todescribe one form of combined emergency luminaire (combined exit sign) in which theemergency lamps operate in a non-maintained mode (see Clauses 1.3.29 and 1.3.38)

1.3.8 Designated area—a specific area within a building that is required to be provided

with emergency evacuation lighting

NOTE: These areas should be determined by reference to the Building Code of Australia or theNew Zealand Building Code, as applicable

1.3.9 Direct lighting—a system of lighting in which most of the light emitted by the

luminaires is directed towards the surfaces to be lit The term usually refers to lightemitted in a downward direction

NOTE: A surface is directly lit if there is an unobstructed line from any point on the surface tothe light emitting or reflecting parts of an adjacent emergency luminaire

1.3.10 Electrolyte density—the density of the electrolyte measure in kilograms per

cubic metre at a specific temperature (the density of pure water = 1000 kg/m3 at 4°C).NOTE: The density of an electrolyte was formerly indicated by its specific gravity Specificgravity is the ratio of the density of the electrolyte to the density of pure water, i.e

S.G electrolyte density (in kilograms per cubic metre)

1000

1.3.11 Emergency evacuation lighting (emergency lighting)—lighting which isprovided to ensure that the means of escape can be safely and effectively used.Emergency evacuation lighting systems comprise both emergency luminaires and exitsigns

1.3.12 Emergency luminaire—a luminaire which is designed for use in an emergency

lighting system

NOTES:

1 Emergency luminaires are required to be classified in accordance with AS/NZS 2293.3 Abare lamp unit may serve as an emergency luminaire provided that it has been appropriatelyclassified An internally illuminated exit sign may also serve as an emergency luminaireprovided that it has been classified for this purpose in accordance with AS/NZS 2293.3

2 An emergency luminaire may be integral with a normal lighting luminaire or may be acompletely separate unit

1.3.13 Exit—an exit which is required by building regulations.

1.3.14 Final subcircuit—as defined in AS 3000 or, in New Zealand, The Electricity

Regulations except that, in central systems, wiring originating from the distribution board

to the fused terminal box and wiring between the fused terminal box and the emergencyluminaire or exit sign is deemed to be part of the one final subcircuit

NOTE: See Clause 6.4.2.2(b) and Appendix B for details of the fused terminal box and itsinstallation

1.3.15 Float charge — the permanent connection of a battery to a voltage-regulated d.c.

system so that the battery is maintained fully charged and able to supply power to thesystem if the normal charging source fails

1.3.16 Illuminance—the luminous flux arriving at a surface divided by the area of the

illuminated surface

1.3.17 Illumination—a general expression for the quantity of light arriving at a surface.

The physical measure of illumination is illuminance

1.3.18 Indirect lighting—a system in which most of the light is provided by reflection

from ceilings, walls or other surfaces

1.3.19 Light loss factor (LLF) — the ratio of the illuminance produced by a lighting

system at a specified time to the illuminance produced by the same system when new

NOTE: The LLF combines the losses caused by lamp lumen depreciation, luminaire depreciation

and room surface depreciation See AS 1680.1 or NZS 6703 for further information

1.3.20 Luminaire—equipment which houses the lamp(s) and directs the light in desired

directions It includes items necessary for fixing, protecting and operating the lamp(s)

1.3.21 Luminance—the physical quantity corresponding to the brightness of a surface

(e.g a lamp, luminaire, sky or reflecting material) in a specified direction It is theluminous intensity of an area of the surface divided by that area

Unit: candela per square metre (cd/m2) Symbol: L.

1.3.22 Luminous flux—the measure of the quantity of light For a lamp or luminaire it

normally refers to the total light emitted irrespective of the directions in which it isdistributed

Unit: lumen (lm) Symbol: φ

1.3.23 Luminous intensity—the concentration of luminous flux emitted in a specified

direction

Unit: candela (cd) Symbol: I.

1.3.24 Maintained emergency luminaire (maintained exit sign)—an emergencyluminaire (exit sign) in which the emergency lighting lamp(s) are energized at all timeswhen normal or emergency lighting is required

NOTE: See Figures C1, C2 and C3 of Appendix C for typical schematic arrangements for amaintained, self-contained emergency luminaire

1.3.25 Monitored supply—the electrical supply to normal lighting luminaires, failure of

which is sensed in order to activate the emergency lighting serving the same area

the floor.

1.3.27 Nominal system voltage—a reference voltage which is used as a basis for the

design of a central emergency lighting system

NOTE: Preferred values of nominal system voltage are 12 V, 24 V, 32 V, 48 V, 110 V and

240 V

1.3.28 Non-maintained emergency luminaire (non-maintained exit sign)—an

emergency luminaire (exit sign) in which the emergency lighting lamps are in operationonly when the supply to the normal lighting fails

NOTE: See Figure C3 of Appendix C for a typical schematic arrangement for a non-maintained,self-contained emergency luminaire

1.3.29 Normal lighting—all installed electric lighting operating from the supply in

normal use which, in the absence of adequate daylight, is intended for use during thewhole time that the premises are occupied

1.3.30 Reflectance (reflection factor)—the ratio of the total luminous flux reflected

from a surface to the total luminous flux which arrives at the surface Usually expressed

as a decimal in the range 0 to 1, but may also be expressed as a percentage

Symbol: ρ

1.3.31 Regulatory authority—the body having statutory powers to administer an Act of

Parliament, or the regulations of such an Act, pertaining to any matter covered by thisStandard

1.3.32 Required in-service duration—the duration of operation of the emergency

lighting system which the regulatory authority requires the system to be capable ofproviding at any time

1.3.33 Reversible inverter—a device which functions as a battery charger while the

normal electricity supply is available and which, on failure of the normal supply, assumesthe function of an inverter supplying the emergency lighting from the emergency powersource

1.3.34 Room index (K) — an index related to the dimensions of a room used for

calculation of the utilization factor and other characteristics of a lighting installation.Room index is derived from the following equation:

1.1

K a × b

h(a + b)

where

a, b = the dimensions of the sides of the room

h = the height of the luminaires above the reference plane, e.g floor

1.3.35 Self-contained emergency luminaire (self-contained exit sign)—an emergency

luminaire (exit sign) containing or having mounted within 2 m of it, a battery, batterycharger, inverter (where used), and the controls necessary for sensing failure of thenormal supply and for changing over to the emergency supply, and vice versa

1.3.36 Single-point (emergency lighting) system—a system of emergency lighting

employing self-contained emergency luminaires and exit signs

1.3.37 Static inverter—a device capable of converting direct current to alternating

current without utilizing moving parts

1.3.38 Sustained emergency luminaire (sustained exit sign) — an emergency luminaire

(exit sign) which incorporates at least two lamps, one energized from an emergencysupply and operated in a non-maintained mode, the other energized from the normal

supply Illumination is sustained either by the emergency lamp or the normal lightinglamp.

NOTE: See also Clauses 1.3.7 and 1.3.29

1.3.39 Utilization factor (UF) — the proportion of the luminous flux emitted by the

lamp(s) which reaches the reference plane

(a) In Australia AS 3000 or, for temporary structures, the appropriate requirements of

AS 3002

(b) In New Zealand Approved Document G9 of the New Zealand Building Code.

1.5 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS Any alternative materials, designs,methods of assembly and procedures that do not comply with specific requirements of thisStandard, or are not mentioned in it but give equivalent results to those specified, are notnecessarily prohibited The specific approval remains the prerogative of the regulatoryauthority

1.6 ALTERATIONS AND ADDITIONS Any alterations or additions to an existingemergency lighting installation shall be carried out in accordance with this Standard

Where an addition or alteration to an existing installation will impair the operation of theexisting installation, the relevant portion of that installation shall be brought intocompliance with this Standard

NOTE: Building alterations such as changes in partitioning, provision of additional rooms and,for indirect lighting systems, changes to the surface finishes of ceilings and upper walls maynecessitate modifications to the emergency lighting system for continued compliance with thisStandard

S E C T I O N 2 S Y S T E M P E R F O R M A N C E ,

2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION This Section sets out requirements for the operationalperformance, arrangement and control of emergency lighting systems It also specifies adischarge test, applicable at the time of commissioning the completed installation, tocheck that the appropriate duration of operation is achieved

2.2 OPERATION OF EMERGENCY LUMINAIRES AND EXIT SIGNS On failure

of the electrical supply to the normal lighting, emergency luminaires and exit signs shall

be automatically energized from their emergency supply, in accordance with Clause 2.4.2.NOTE: AS/NZS 2293.3 specifies requirements for the rate of increase in light output fromemergency luminaires and exit signs, after energization from the emergency supply, under both

‘cold start’ and ‘hot start’ conditions

2.3 DURATION OF OPERATION The emergency lighting installation shall bedesigned to operate in accordance with this Standard for the following periods:

(a) Initial duration The duration of operation provided by the installation at the time

of commissioning shall be not less than 1.33 times the in-service duration required

in terms of Item (b) below

This duration shall also apply whenever any batteries supplying the emergencylighting are replaced during the life of the installation

(b) In-service duration The duration of operation provided throughout the life of theinstallation shall not fall below 90 min or such period as may be required by thebuilding regulations

2.4 ARRANGEMENT AND CONTROL

2.4.1 General Emergency luminaires and exit signs shall be ready for operation inaccordance with Clause 2.4.2, irrespective of whether the normal lighting in the area is inuse

Where the lamps utilized in the normal lighting luminaires are of a type which will notrestrike immediately after restoration of the supply, one of the following measures shall

be taken:

(a) Provision of a time delay or other suitable means to maintain the operation of theemergency lighting for the period necessary to allow the normal lighting lamps torestrike

(b) Installation of a proportion of normal lighting luminaires of a type which willprovide immediate lighting

For Item (b), the luminaires shall be arranged throughout the designated area in such amanner as to ensure that the visual conditions are not inferior to those provided by theemergency lighting installed in accordance with this Standard

1 The purpose of the measures specified above is to prevent a period of total darknessfollowing a short interruption to the supply because, with certain types of discharge lamps, adelay of from 3 min to 10 min may occur before the lamps have cooled sufficiently torestrike

2 Where automatic lighting control systems are used, care should be taken to ensure that thereare sufficient luminaires, not controlled by that system, to facilitate safe egress in the event

of the malfunction or failure of the lighting control system In addition, it is recommendedthat exit signs be of the maintained or combined type

2.4.2 Sensing of supply failure

2.4.2.1 Central systems In central systems, the installation shall be arranged so that thefailure of the electrical supply to final subcircuits supplying normal lighting to adesignated area will automatically energize emergency luminaires and exit signs in thearea served by the normal lighting subcircuit Loss of supply shall be sensed at the loadside of the device protecting the final subcircuit

Alternatively, where the designated area is served by two or more normal lightingsubcircuits, each final subcircuit need not be sensed for loss of supply provided that one

of the following arrangements applies:

(a) At least 50% of the normal lighting subcircuits are sensed for loss of supply at theload side of the protective device and the normal lighting luminaires on thesubcircuits which are sensed are distributed throughout the designated area in such amanner that the illumination provided by these subcircuits alone is not inferior tothat afforded by the required emergency lighting

(b) At least three normal lighting subcircuits representing each phase of a three-phaseinstallation are sensed for loss of supply at the load side of the protective devices,and the normal lighting luminaires on the subcircuits which are sensed aredistributed throughout the paths of travel of the designated area

NOTE: See Figure C4 of Appendix C for an illustration of a circuit arrangement whichcomplies with the above

2.4.2.2 Single-point systems In single-point systems, the self-contained emergencyluminaires and exit signs shall be arranged so that they are automatically connected totheir emergency power source upon failure of the electrical supply to the normal lighting

in the designated area

NOTE: See Figures C1, C2 and C3 of Appendix C for illustrations of circuit arrangementswhich comply with the above See Clause 4.2 for additional requirements which may impactupon the connection of self-contained emergency luminaires and exit signs for testing purposes

2.5 LABELLING OF DEVICES CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF EMERGENCY LIGHTING Every device (e.g circuit-breaker, switch, fuse) which, ifturned off or removed, will cause the emergency lighting to operate shall have thefollowing warning notice clearly and durably affixed on or immediately adjacent to it:

WARNING: INTERRUPTING SUPPLY WILL DISCHARGE EMERGENCY LIGHTING BATTERIES

2.6 COMMISSIONING TEST On completion of the installation, the operation of theemergency lighting system shall be checked by carrying out a discharge test in accordancewith the relevant procedure in AS/NZS 2293.2; however, the duration of operationprovided shall be not less than that specified in Clause 2.3(a) of this Standard

S E C T I O N 3 E M E R G E N C Y P O W E R S U P P L I E S

3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION This Section specifies requirements for components andfacilities associated with emergency power supplies for central systems

3.2 EMERGENCY POWER SOURCE

3.2.1 Location Except where otherwise permitted in this Clause, the emergency powersource and associated equipment shall be located in a room or enclosure specificallyprovided for the purpose The room or enclosure shall not be used for any other purposesexcept that spare parts and equipment required for maintenance of the emergency lightingsystem may be stored therein

The emergency power source may be located in a room with battery systems associatedwith building monitoring, fire safety or evacuation systems provided that the roomcomplies with the requirements of Clauses 3.2.2 to 3.2.4 and the emergency power source

is physically separated from the other equipment by a non-combustible barrier

The emergency power source may be located external to the building which it serves,provided that the wiring from the power source to the building which it serves complieswith Clause 6.4 and is protected from physical damage

For temporary structures such as carnivals and shows, the power source need not belocated in a special room or enclosure, provided that —

(a) the power source is located in an area accessible only to authorized persons, asrequired by Clause 3.2.3, and is protected from physical damage and the weather;and

(b) the area is free from obstructions and, if not naturally ventilated, is ventilated inaccordance with Clause 3.2.4

3.2.2 Fire resistance Except where the emergency power source is located external tothe building in its own separate enclosure, the materials and methods utilized in theconstruction of the room or enclosure provided in accordance with Clause 3.2.1 shall have

a fire resistance from the building to the room or enclosure housing the emergency powersource of not less than the following:

(a) Where the designated area served by the emergency power source is not required to

be of fire-resisting elements—a fire-resistance level* of 15/15/15.

(b) Where the designated area served by the emergency power source is required to be

of fire-resisting elements—a fire-resistance level which is the greater of the

following:

(i) The fire-resistance level required for the building structure in accordance

with the Building Code of Australia or the New Zealand Building Code, asapplicable

* In New Zealand, the term ‘fire-resistance rating’ has the same meaning as the term ‘fire-resistance level’.

(ii) A fire-resistance level corresponding to the duration of operation of the

emergency lighting system, specified in Clause 2.3(b)

For the purpose of this Clause, any construction complying with the requirements ofAppendix D shall be deemed to comply with Item (a)

3.2.3 Identification and access The purpose of the room or enclosure shall be clearlyidentified by a label affixed on or adjacent to the access door The label shall read

‘Emergency Lighting Power Source’ and shall contain an instruction permitting entry toauthorized persons only

3.2.4 Ventilation

3.2.4.1 Limitation of temperatures The room or enclosure shall be of such dimensions

or so ventilated that the temperature of electrical materials and equipment will not exceedthe maximum values permitted in AS/NZS 3100 at any time, including during dischargetesting in accordance with AS/NZS 2293.2

NOTE: Particular consideration should be given to ensuring that adequate ventilation isprovided during periods that the emergency lighting is called upon to operate, i.e to limittemperatures attained in the absence of the normal supply

3.2.4.2 Maintenance of fire resistance Any ventilation provided shall be arranged sothat the fire resistance required by Clause 3.2.2 is maintained

3.2.5 Use of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems Uninterruptible powersupply (UPS) systems may be used to serve as the emergency power source for centralsystems provided that they—

(a) are used solely for that purpose; and

(b) comply with the applicable requirements of this Section

NOTE: Care should be taken in the selection of the UPS system to ensure that it is capable ofstarting up the connected emergency lighting load solely on the supply from the inverter, i.e toaccommodate peak inrush currents associated with the switching of certain types of lamps fromcold

3.3 BATTERIES AND THEIR INSTALLATION

3.3.1 Acceptable types of batteries Batteries shall be of a type specifically designedfor continuous float charging conditions The following are examples of the types ofbatteries which comply with this requirement:

(a) Stationary batteries of the lead-acid Plante positive plate type complying with

AS 2191

(b) Lead-acid stationary batteries of the vented type complying with AS 4029.1

(c) Lead-acid stationary batteries of the sealed, valve-regulated type complying with

(e) Heavy duty lead-acid batteries with tubular positive plates

NOTE: Lead-acid batteries of the type designed for motor vehicle starting and home lightingapplications do not comply with the above requirement

Where the cells used are of a type which require maintenance of the electrolyte above aspecified level, facilities shall be provided to permit visual inspection of the electrolytelevel against reference marks

NOTE: Cells which incorporate dip sticks for checking the electrolyte level are acceptable

3.3.2 Battery capacity The capacity of the battery shall be such that it is capable ofsupplying an output final voltage of not less than the following:

(a) For d.c reticulation systems—85% of the nominal system voltage.

manufacturer, provided that the a.c voltage is maintained in accordance withClause 3.5.3.

The minimum voltage specified in Items (a) or (b), as applicable, shall be measured at thebattery terminals and shall apply—

(i) when the total emergency lighting load is connected for the duration specified inClause 2.3(a); and

(ii) at any temperature within the range of ambient temperatures which can be expected

at the battery location

The number of cells employed in the battery shall be such that the individual cell voltageswill not fall below those recommended by the battery manufacturer, account being taken

of the rate of discharge

3.3.3 Installation requirements

3.3.3.1 General The battery system shall be installed in accordance with AS 3011.1 or

AS 3011.2, as applicable, and with the additional requirements of Clauses 3.3.3.2 to3.3.3.5

NOTE: Guidance on the installation, maintenance, testing and replacement of secondarybatteries in buildings is provided in AS 2676.1 (for vented cells) and AS 2676.2 (for sealedcells)

3.3.3.2 Battery enclosure/stand The materials used in the construction of the batteryenclosure or stand shall be inherently resistant to the corrosive effects of the batteryelectrolyte or shall be treated to prevent corrosion

3.3.3.3 Unearthed supply system The battery system shall be unearthed An earth-faultdetection system shall be installed to warn of the breakdown of either conductor to earth.The sensitivity of the earth-fault detection system shall not exceed 10 mA

3.3.3.4 Battery connections All connections to the battery shall be made with boltedlugs The battery shall not be tapped for intermediate voltage and shall not be used forany function other than the supply of emergency lighting in accordance with thisStandard

Each conductor between the battery charger and the battery shall be fitted with anovercurrent protection device to protect the battery from discharging into the batterycharger in the event of a fault condition, located such that the battery is not preventedfrom supplying the emergency lighting after operation of the overcurrent device due to afault in the charger

All outgoing circuits from the battery to the load shall be protected in each conductor by

a fuse or circuit-breaker positioned as close as practicable to, but not more than 5 m from,the battery

3.3.3.5 Rating plate A rating plate bearing the following information shall be securelyfixed on or adjacent to the battery enclosure/stand in such a position as to be readily seenupon gaining access to the enclosure or on approaching the battery stand, as appropriate:(a) Manufacturer’s brand name

(b) Manufacturer’s catalogue number

(c) Number of cells and rated capacity, in ampere hours, of each cell at a specified rate

3.4 BATTERY CHARGER ASSEMBLY

3.4.1 General Battery chargers shall comply with the requirements for a Type 1battery charger in AS 4044 and with the requirements of Clauses 3.4.2 to 3.4.8 of thisStandard The requirements for alarms in Clause 3.4.7 shall apply in place of those given

in AS 4044

Where provision is made for automatic or manual selection of boost charging, the batterycharger shall automatically reset to the float charge mode at the termination of boostcharging

3.4.2 Control of output voltage The charging equipment arrangements shall be suchthat, during charging with any load connected, the voltage appearing at the origin of theemergency lighting distribution system will not exceed 116% of the nominal systemvoltage

NOTE: The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that emergency luminaires and exit signswill not be subjected to voltages in excess of those for which they are designed

3.4.3 Rating of battery charger The rating of the battery charger shall be such that—(a) after the battery has been discharged from the fully charged state by supplying thetotal connected emergency lighting load for the duration specified in Clause 2.3(a);and

(b) after recharging for a period of not more than 16 h;

the battery shall have recovered to the extent that it is capable of sustaining an additionaldischarge as specified in Item (a) The output voltage at the end of each discharge periodshall be in accordance with Clause 3.3.2

NOTE: For certain premises (e.g theatres) a shorter recovery period than 16 h may benecessary to enable re-occupation of the premises after operation of the emergency lighting

Where a maintained system is employed and the output of the battery charger is used tosupply the standing load, the rating of the battery charger shall be such that, in addition tosupplying the normal power requirements, it will be capable of maintaining the batteryand recharging it as specified above

Where a separate inverter is employed, the rating of the battery charger shall take account

of the need to operate the inverter on no-load, in accordance with Clause 3.5.2

3.4.4 Enclosure of battery charger The battery charger shall be housed in anenclosure of adequate strength and rigidity The battery charger may be incorporated inthe battery enclosure provided that it is housed in a separate compartment

3.4.5 Battery low-voltage alarms Visible and audible alarms shall be provided whichshall be actuated when the battery voltage falls below the relevant value specified inClause 3.3.2 The alarms shall be energized from the battery and the visual alarm shall be

of a type which requires manual resetting

3.4.6 Means for disconnecting the emergency lighting load Where provision is madefor manual disconnection of the battery from the emergency lighting load, the isolatingswitch or device shall be either—

(a) arranged so that, when in the isolated position, it also isolates the normal lighting or

a part of the normal lighting which is essential for the normal occupation of thebuilding; or

(b) installed in a manner which will ensure that the switch or device is not left in theisolated position when the building is in use

NOTE: The manual isolating switch or device may be used to permit disconnection of theemergency lighting load—

(i) during periods when the building is unoccupied; or

emergency lighting;

to protect the battery from damage which may result from being excessively discharged

The requirements of Items (a) and (b) do not apply to the battery isolator provided inaccordance with AS 3011.1 or AS 3011.2

Provision may be made for automatic disconnection of the battery from the load to protectthe battery from damage due to excessively low voltage

NOTE: The battery supplier should be consulted in the selection of the appropriate voltagesetting for the protective device

3.4.7 Instrumentation and controls The battery charger assembly shall incorporatethe following instrumentation and control equipment:

(a) Isolating switch for the a.c supply

(b) Indicating light for the a.c supply

(c) Voltmeter (d.c.) marked to indicate both the float and boost charge voltages

(d) Charging ammeter (d.c.)

(e) Load ammeter (d.c.)

(f) A float/manual boost charge selector switch of the momentary operation type, whereprovision is made for manual selection of boost charging (see Clause 3.4.1)

(g) A device to prevent backfeed to the charger from the battery in the event of a faultoccurring in the battery charger (see Clause 3.3.3.4)

(h) Fuses or circuit-breakers for outgoing emergency lighting circuits

(i) Battery earth-fault alarm (see Clause 3.3.3.3)

(j) Battery low-voltage alarm (see Clause 3.4.5)

(k) Battery charger failure alarm, sensed from the output of the charger

(l) An indicating light to provide warning of when the battery isolating switch is in theisolated position

NOTE: AS 3011.1 and AS 3011.2 require that an isolating switch be installed at the battery tofacilitate safe working on the battery system

Voltmeters and ammeters shall have an intrinsic error of not greater than permitted forinstruments of Class Index 2 complying with IEC 60051-1, IEC 60051-2 andIEC 60051-9

NOTES:

1 An additional d.c load ammeter may be located remotely from the battery charger

2 Additional requirements for alarm systems are specified in Clause 3.6

3.4.8 Rating plate A rating plate bearing the following information shall be securelyfixed on or adjacent to the battery charger:

(a) Manufacturer’s brand name

(b) Manufacturer’s catalogue number

(c) Manufacturer’s serial number

(d) Float voltage at a specified battery temperature

(e) Boost voltage

(f) Charger output current

(g) Date of manufacture

Where the battery charger is incorporated within the battery enclosure, the informationmay be combined with that required by Clause 3.3.3.5, on a single rating plate.

3.5 INVERTERS

3.5.1 Reversible inverters Reversible inverters shall be arranged so that major powercomponents within the inverter are utilized in the battery charger mode to ensure that,upon operation due to mains failure, no ‘warm-up’ breakdown will occur

While the normal electricity supply is available to the inverter, the inverter shall function

as a battery charger in accordance with Clause 3.4 On failure of the electricity supply,the inverter shall be automatically disconnected from the mains and function as aninverter in accordance with Clause 3.5.3 The inverter shall automatically resume thefunction of a battery charger on restoration of the supply

NOTE: Disconnection of the inverter from the mains is required to prevent the inverter fromfeeding the mains as well as the emergency lighting

3.5.2 Separate inverter In systems which employ a separate inverter and batterycharger, the inverter shall be continuously energized even if not carrying load A mainsfailure changeover contactor shall be provided to switch the lighting load from the normalsupply to the inverter output and vice versa

3.5.3 Inverter rating The inverter shall be capable of continuously supplying the totalconnected emergency lighting and shall operate in accordance with the followingrequirements:

(a) Output frequency regulation: ±5% of rated frequency

(b) Output voltage regulation: ±5% for all values of load, up to and including 100% ofthe total connected emergency lighting load, over the permissible d.c input voltagerange (see Clause 3.3.2(b))

3.5.4 Instrumentation and controls The following instrumentation shall be providedwith each inverter:

(a) Voltmeter (d.c.)

(b) Ammeter (d.c.)

(c) Output voltmeter (a.c.)

(d) Output ammeter (a.c.)

(e) Indicating light or other suitable means of indicating the presence of an a.c inputsupply

(f) Alarm to give warning of when there is no a.c output from the inverter

Voltmeters and ammeters shall have an intrinsic error of not greater than permitted forinstruments of Class Index 2 complying with IEC 60051-1, IEC 60051-2 andIEC 60051-9

NOTE: Additional requirements for alarm systems are specified in Clause 3.6

3.5.5 Inverter enclosure The inverter shall be enclosed in accordance with therequirements of Clause 3.4.4 The enclosure shall be designed or arranged so as to provideready access to all components

3.6 ALARM SYSTEMS Alarm systems capable of providing continuous visible andaudible signals shall be provided to warn of any malfunction of the emergency lightingsupply The alarm systems shall be—

(a) activated by the existence of any of the conditions listed in Items (i), (j), (k) and (l)

of Clause 3.4.7 and Item (f) of Clause 3.5.4; and

Provision may be made for muting of the audible alarm signal, provided that the mutingdevice will automatically reset when the alarm system is reset Resetting of the alarmsystem shall be possible only if the actuating alarm signal is no longer present.

The alarm signalling devices shall be located so that the emitted signals may be seen andheard by persons responsible for the building during occupation

Where a remote alarm panel is provided, a common visual alarm indication may beemployed, provided that the alarm conditions listed in Items (i), (j), (k) and (l) ofClause 3.4.7 and Item (f) of Clause 3.5.4 are separately displayed at the battery chargerassembly The remote alarm panel shall be appropriately identified

S E C T I O N 4 P R O V I S I O N O F D I S C H A R G E

4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION This Section sets out requirements for the facilities usedfor conducting periodic discharge tests on the emergency lighting system, as required byAS/NZS 2293.2

NOTE: The intervals at which such tests should be carried out and the criteria which should besatisfied are set out in AS/NZS 2293.2 The Standard also details the required inspection andmaintenance actions associated with such tests

4.2 REQUIRED FACILITIES Facilities shall be provided for conducting a dischargetest on all emergency luminaires and exit signs without necessitating disconnection ofsupply to the normal lighting Such facilities shall be either manually initiated orautomatically initiated and shall comply with the requirements of Clause 4.3 orClause 4.4, as applicable

The arrangement adopted shall check the correct functioning of all elements normallyinvolved in controlling the operation of the emergency luminaires and exit signs Thenormal provision for sensing loss of supply (see Clause 2.4.2) may be overridden for theduration of the discharge test but shall be automatically reinstated at the conclusion of thetest

The test facility shall be arranged so that no charging current is supplied to the batteryduring the performance of a discharge test

NOTE: It should be noted that, for part of the period during and immediately after a dischargetest, the building may be without effective emergency lighting This risk is consideredacceptable, except when the regulatory authority deems otherwise When selecting a time for thedischarge test, consideration should be given to the nature of the occupancy of the building inorder to minimize the risk, e.g conducting the test at a time which will permit recharging of thebatteries when the building is unoccupied

4.3 MANUAL TESTING FACILITIES Where provision is made for manual initiation

of a discharge test on the emergency luminaires and exit signs, the test facilities shallcomply with the following:

(a) The test facility shall provide for the operation of the relevant group of emergencyluminaires and exit signs by simulating a supply failure For single-point systems,separate test facilities may be provided to control specific groups of emergencyluminaires and exit signs, e.g related to particular areas of the building For centralsystems, the test facility shall ensure the simultaneous operation of all emergencyluminaires and exit signs connected to the central battery

NOTE: For some central systems, it will be necessary to install linking control wiring toeffect a simulation of supply failure, simultaneously at all points where loss of normalsupply is sensed

(b) The test facility shall be capable of being manually reset, but shall automaticallyrevert to the normal state at the conclusion of the discharge test

NOTE: Provision may be made for continuance of the discharge test beyond the required service duration (see Clause 2.3)

in-(c) The test facility shall be either key-operated or located in a position with restrictedaccess, e.g in the switchboard enclosure supplying the normal lighting to the areaconcerned

(d) The function of the test facility shall be clearly identified, e.g ‘Emergency LightingTest Switch’

4.4.1 System requirements The test facility shall ensure that each emergencyluminaire and exit sign is automatically subjected to a discharge test in accordance withthe relevant procedure and test intervals specified in AS/NZS 2293.2.

The system used to time the interval between successive discharge tests shall not beaffected during periods when the normal supply is interrupted

The test facility shall be arranged so that, if the automatic timing and control system isrendered inoperative or malfunctions for any reason, the emergency luminaires and exitsigns will still be capable of functioning in response to loss of supply in accordance withClause 2.4.2.1 or Clause 2.4.2.2, as appropriate

Provision shall also be made for the manual initiation of a discharge test by anyappropriate means

4.4.2 Fully self-contained facilities Where individual emergency luminaires or exitsigns incorporate facilities for automatic discharge testing, the system used shall complywith the applicable requirements in Section 4 of AS/NZS 2293.3

4.4.3 Centralized testing facilities Where provision is made for centralized control ofthe automatic discharge testing of a group of emergency luminaires or exit signs, therelevant requirements for self-contained automatic discharge testing facilities in Section 4

of AS/NZS 2293.3 shall apply, in addition to the following:

(a) Each emergency luminaire and exit sign within a controlled group shall be clearlyidentified in a manner which relates to a signal displayed on the central controllerfor easy identification of the affected fitting

(b) The operation of each emergency luminaire and exit sign shall be monitored duringthe test Notwithstanding Section 4 of AS/NZS 2293.3, the indications ofoperational state required at each emergency luminaire and exit sign need not beprovided, subject to these indications being available at the central controller orother designated monitoring points The indications may be in any appropriate formwhich is capable of being observed at those locations

(c) For single-point systems, provision may be made for varying the test program, interms of the sequence and timing of the tests However, the arrangement shallensure that each emergency luminaire and exit sign in the group is tested atintervals of not more than that specified in AS/NZS 2293.2

(d) The communication system utilized for control and data transfer between the centralcontroller and each emergency luminaire and exit sign in the group may be of anyappropriate type affording adequate reliability for the purpose Indication shall beprovided at the controller of any failure of the communication system

NOTE: Consideration should be given to the need to safeguard against possible maloperation ofcentrally controlled automatic testing systems resulting from electromagnetic interference fromother equipment or systems

S E C T I O N 5 I N S T A L L A T I O N O F

5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION This Section specifies requirements for the installation ofemergency luminaires and exit signs The requirements apply to central systems andsingle-point systems

NOTE: The types of buildings and specific areas of buildings that require emergency lightingshould be determined by reference to the Building Code of Australia or the New ZealandBuilding Code, as applicable The particular locations where exit signs are required should besimilarly determined

5.2 PROVISION OF EMERGENCY LUMINAIRES AND EXIT SIGNS Emergencyluminaires shall be installed throughout the designated area in accordance withClauses 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5, as appropriate However, a single emergency luminaire shall notserve an area of greater than 500 m2

Exit signs shall be installed in the manner specified in Clause 5.6 or Clause 5.7, asapplicable

The emergency luminaires and exit signs shall be of a type complying with the relevantrequirements of AS/NZS 2293.3

NOTES:

1 The functions of an emergency luminaire and an exit sign may be combined in a singlefitting provided that it complies with the requirements for exit signs in AS/NZS 2293.3 andhas also been classified as an emergency luminaire in accordance with that Standard

2 In the installation of emergency luminaires (with respect to both mounting height andlocation), consideration should be given to the possible effects of smoke within the space,reducing the effectiveness of the emergency lighting

5.3 INSTALLATIONS EMPLOYING DIRECT LIGHTING

5.3.1 Specific locations requiring emergency luminaires An emergency luminaire

shall be sited within 2 m of the approach side of each exit and at locations where it isnecessary to emphasize the position of potential hazards within the designated area asfollows:

(a) Within 2 m of the intersection of the centre-lines of intersecting corridors

NOTE: See example in Figure C5, Appendix C

(b) Within 2 m of the intersection of centre-lines at each change of direction (other than

on a staircase); provided, however, that an emergency luminaire need not beinstalled where, in plan view, a straight line between emergency luminaires oneither side of the change of direction does not intersect the wall or other boundarydefining the limits of the designated area

NOTE: See example in Figure C6, Appendix C

(c) Within 2 m of any change of floor level, on the low side

Where the application of Items (a) and (b) together will result in two emergencyluminaires being spaced at less than half the spacing permitted by Clause 5.3.2 but notgreater than 2 m, only one emergency luminaire need be installed provided that it can bepositioned so as to directly illuminate both areas

NOTE: See example in Figure C7, Appendix C

NOTE: Particular care should be taken in the location of emergency luminaires with respect toescalators and moving walks to ensure that, in the event of loss of the normal lighting, personsusing these facilities can safely disembark.

5.3.2 Spacing of emergency luminaires

5.3.2.1 General Further to the location of emergency luminaires as required byClause 5.3.1, additional emergency luminaires shall be installed within the designatedarea, either in accordance with —

(a) the spacing rules set out in Clause 5.3.2.2 or Clause 5.3.2.3, as applicable; or

(b) calculations of illuminance complying with Clause 5.3.2.4

5.3.2.2 Spacing rules (in Australia) The maximum spacings between adjacentemergency luminaires and between emergency luminaires and adjacent walls or othersurfaces forming the boundary of the designated area shall not exceed the relevant valuesdetermined as follows:

(a) Spacing between luminaires The horizontal spacing between adjacent luminairesshall not exceed the maximum spacing given in Tables 5.1 to 5.5, applicable to theluminaire classification* and mounting height

NOTE: Although Tables 5.1 to 5.5 provide for a wide range of possible luminaireclassifications, it should not be assumed that emergency luminaires corresponding to all ofthese classifications will necessarily be available A check should be made with thesuppliers of emergency luminaires to determine the available range of luminaireclassifications

Where adjacent luminaires have different classifications, the spacing shall notexceed the sum of half the maximum permissible spacings for the respectiveluminaires, determined in accordance with the above

Where the luminaire has a different classification in the transverse (C0) andlongitudinal (C90) planes*, the orientation of the luminaires shall be taken intoaccount in determining the appropriate spacing

Where adjacent luminaires are installed—

(i) other than parallel; or(ii) at an angle of other than 90°;

with respect to each other, or to the boundaries of the designated area, the spacingsadopted shall be such that, by juxtaposition of the effective areas served by eachluminaire, as determined in accordance with Figure 5.1, the whole of the designatedarea will be covered

(b) Spacing between luminaires and walls The spacing between emergency luminairesand any adjacent wall or other boundary defining the limits of the designated areashall be not greater than half the spacing determined in accordance with Item (a).NOTE: The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that vertical surfaces at the boundaries

of the space are adequately lit as these assist in providing a sense of orientation and visualguidance

5.3.2.3 Spacing rules (in New Zealand) The spacing rules of Clause 5.3.2.2 shall applyexcept that, for the purpose of determining the maximum luminaire spacings in Tables 5.1

to 5.5, a separate luminaire classification shall be determined for each room or space to beprovided with emergency lighting, using the following equation:

5.1

LC(NZ) = LC(AUST)

6 − (6.6 × UF)

* See Appendix C of AS/NZS 2293.3.

LC(AUST) = the classification for the selected luminaire determined in accordance

with Appendix C of AS/NZS 2293.3

LC(NZ) = the classification for the same luminaire (as for LC(AUST)) adjusted to

provide maximum luminaire spacings comparable to those derived fromilluminance calculations in accordance with Clause 5.3.2.4, taking

account of the utilization factor (UF) of the specific room or space to

be illuminated

UF = utilization factor for the specific room or space to be provided with

emergency lighting, as determined from data supplied by the luminairemanufacturer in accordance with AS 1680.3

FIGURE 5.1 DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVE AREA SERVED

BY AN EMERGENCY LUMINAIRE

To select the applicable value of UF from the manufacturer’s data, a calculation of the room index shall first be made (see Clause 1.3.34) Where UF for the room or space

exceeds 0.75, Equation 5.1 shall not be used and the maximum luminaire spacings in

Tables 5.1 to 5.5 shall apply using LC(AUST), i.e LC(NZ) is taken to be the same as

LC(AUST) Where the UF for the room or space is less than 0.15, a value of 0.15 shall be

used in Equation 5.1, i.e 0.15 is taken as the lowest value of UF that can apply for the

purpose of the Equation

Where the value of LC(NZ), calculated in accordance with Equation 5.1, does not exactly

correspond to one of the luminaire classifications given in Tables 5.1 to 5.5, the nexthigher luminaire classification shall be used

An emergency luminaire has a D25 classification in accordance with Appendix C ofAS/NZS 2293.3 and is to be used in a rectangular room of 3 m in width, 10 m in lengthand 3 m in height From Equation 1.1 (given in Clause 1.3.34), the room index can becalculated as follows:

K = 10 × 3

3(10 + 3) = 0.77

By entering the room index, along with the reflectances of the respective room surfaces,

in the manufacturer’s data for the selected luminaire, a utilization factor of 0.5 is

obtained The applicable value of LC(NZ) can then be calculated using Equation 5.1, as

follows:

LC(NZ) = D25

6 − (6.6 × 0.5) = D9.2The next higher luminaire classification is D10 and the maximum luminaire spacingsfor application in New Zealand can be read from Table 5.4 for the luminaireclassification D10

5.3.2.4 Illuminance calculations Emergency luminaires shall be installed throughoutthe designated area in such a manner as to ensure that the calculated horizontalilluminance at floor level is not less than the following:

(a) In Australia 0.2 lx.(b) In New Zealand 1 lx.The following conditions shall apply for the required illuminance calculations:

(i) The calculations shall be made either manually or by the use of computer software,from point-by-point calculations based on the inverse square law of illumination,taking into account the following:

(A) In Australia Only the light that reaches the floor directly from the emergencyluminaires shall be taken into account in the calculations

(B) In New Zealand The calculations shall take into account light that reachesthe floor indirectly by reflection from the main surfaces (e.g ceiling andwalls) of the designated area, in addition to the light that reaches the floordirectly from the emergency luminaires

NOTE: The designer should note that the reflectance of the surfaces contributing theindirect component are subject to change

(ii) A light loss factor of 1 shall be assumed for the calculations

(iii) Calculations shall be made for a grid of points, spaced not more than 2 m apart,covering the designated area, excluding areas within 0.5 m of the walls or othersurfaces forming the boundary of the designated area

(iv) Calculated illuminance values shall be presented to not less than two significantfigures

(v) Luminaire photometric data shall comply with AS 1680.3, and shall be applicable tothe test conditions specified in Appendix C of AS/NZS 2293.3 The data shall be forthe specific lamp/luminaire combination tested and shall not be derived on apro-rata basis from data applicable to the use of other lamps

(vi) The calculations shall be carried out and the design certified by persons who arecompetent in lighting design