AS NZS 3500 0 1995 national plumbing and drainage code glo

The Standard is primarily intended for the general water industry and for use in theinterpretation of terminology used in the various parts of the National Plumbing andDrainage Code and

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AS/NZS 3500.0:1995 National Plumbing and Drainage Code - Glossary of terms

Licensed to LUU MINH LUAN on 25 Feb 2002

Australian/New Zealand Standard 

National Plumbing and Drainage Code

Part 0: Glossary of terms

of the Council of Standards Australia on 18 August 1995 and on behalf of the Council

of Standards New Zealand on 3 August 1995 It was published on 5 December 1995

The following interests are represented on Committee WS/14:

A.C.T Electricity and WaterAssociation of Hydraulic Services Consultants, AustraliaAUSTAP

Australian Chamber of Commerce and IndustryAustralian Plumbing and Mechanical Contractors AssociationBrisbane City Council

Department of Environment and Planning, Tas

Department of Housing Local Government Planning, QldDepartment of Land and Water Conservation, N.S.W

Department of Lands Housing and Local Government, N.T

Electricity Supply Association of AustraliaGas Appliance Manufactures Association of AustraliaHousing Industry Association (Australia)

Melbourne WaterMetal Trades Industry Association of AustraliaNew Zealand Manufacturers FederationNew Zealand Society of Mater Plumbers and GasfittersPlastics and Chemicals Industry Association (Australia)Solar Energy Industries Association of AustraliaSouth Australian Water Corporation

Sydney Water CorporationWater Authority of Western Australia

Review of Standards To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/New

Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue

of amendments or new editions as necessary It is important therefore that Standardsusers ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendmentsthereto

Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in theStandards Australia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; thisinformation is supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’and ‘Standards New Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which givedetails of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawnStandards

Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of eitherStandards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed Notification of anyinaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should bemade without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate actiontaken

Australian/New Zealand Standard 

National Plumbing and Drainage Code

Part 0: Glossary of terms

PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY:

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

1 The Crescent,Homebush NSW 2140 Australia

STANDARDS NEW ZEALANDLevel 10, Standards House,

155 The Terrace,Wellington 6001 New Zealand

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New ZealandCommittee WS/14 on the National Plumbing and Drainage Code, to supersede

AS 3500.0 — 1990, National Plumbing and Drainage Code, Part 0: Glossary of terms.

The Standard is primarily intended for the general water industry and for use in theinterpretation of terminology used in the various parts of the National Plumbing andDrainage Code and covers water supply from the reticulation main into the premises,including hot water service systems, sanitary fixtures, drainage and their associated waterand waste fittings, pipe systems and associated components

Originated as AS 1355 — 1979.

Previous editi on AS 3500.0 — 1990.

Jointl y revised and designated AS/NZS 3500.0:1995.

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STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian/New Zealand Standard National Plumbing and Drainage Code

Part 0: Glossary of terms

absorption pit A pit, trench or well dug into permeable ground, filled with broken

stone, bricks or large granular material and usually covered withearth, where liquid may soak away into the ground Also calledsoakaway

access opening An opening in a building element, fitted with a cover which is

removable to allow maintenance of a concealed pipe, fixture orother apparatus

access point A place where access may be made to a drain for inspection,

cleaning or maintenance; and may include an inspection point,rodding point, inspection chamber or access chamber

accessible Capable of being reached for the purposes of inspection,

maintenance, repair, or replacement, but may first require removal

of an access panel, cover, door or similar obstruction

aeration systems Systems designed to treat liquid waste by the processes of air

injection

aerator A device to introduce air into the flow of a liquid as part of a

treatment process

aerobic A state where molecular oxygen is present.

aerobic treatment systems See aeration systems.

against-pitch installation See solar water heater—terms.

air cooling equipment See cooling equipment.

air eliminator A device which opens to release accumulated air from a hydraulic

system and which automatically closes in the presence of a liquid

air gap (a) Sanitary plumbing system The unobstructed vertical distance

through the free atmosphere between the outlet of a discharge

or waste pipe and the overflow level of the receptacle intowhich it is discharging

through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening of awater service pipe or fixed outlet supplying water to a fixture

or receptacle and the highest possible water level of suchfixture or receptacle

air venting Allowing air to enter or escape from a confined space to facilitate

movement

air vessel A vessel which utilizes the compressibility of contained air to

promote a more uniform flow of water

air/water pressure vessel A vessel in which water is stored under pressure of compressed air

The vessel forms part of a pumped water supply system Variations

in the amount of water stored are accompanied by variations in thepressure of the air and can be used to control the stopping andstarting of the pumps

airlift A method of raising liquid by the injection of compressed air

airlock (a) An air space with doors separating a water closet or urinal

apartment and an adjacent room

(b) Air in a pipe which stops the flow of liquid in a pumping orgravity circuit

anaerobic A state where free oxygen is absent

anchor blocks Blocks, usually of concrete, placed at intervals and at changes of

direction along a pipeline to prevent pipe movement Sometimesreferred to as thrust blocks

anchorage Means of preventing movement of pipes or fittings subject to

unbalanced forces

angle of inclination See solar water heater—terms.

preferentially to the positive electrode (cathode)

appliance An apparatus or piece of equipment designed to perform a normal

everyday task

aqueduct Any water supply channel vested in, belonging to, or under the

control of the responsible authority

arrestor An apparatus designed to intercept and retain silt, sand, oil, grease,

sludge or other substance that is a prohibited discharge to thesewerage or drainage system

atmospheric vacuum breaker See backflow prevention device.

authorized Applies to materials, products, fixtures, appliances and apparatus

which are sanctioned for use in the area of jurisdiction of theauthorizing authority

autogenous welded joint See joint.

automatic cistern See flushing cistern.

automatic flush tank See tank.

autopsy table A fixture upon which post-mortem examinations are performed and

which has provision for drainage to the sanitary plumbing system.auxiliary water heater See water heater.

average recurrence interval Rainfall intensity for stormwater design purposes

back-siphonage Backflow that occurs when the water supply pressure falls below

atmospheric pressure

backfill See fill.

backflow (a) Flow in a direction contrary to the normal or intended

direction of flow; or(b) the unintended flow of water from a potentially pollutedsource into a potable water supply

backflow condition Any arrangement whereby backflow may occur

backflow prevention device A device to prevent the reverse flow of water from a potentially

polluted source into a potable water supply system

atmospheric vacuum

breaker

A device to prevent backflow caused by back siphonage, whichincorporates a ventilation valve, which operates automatically toadmit air into the downstream chamber of the valve whenever thepressure in the chamber reduces to or falls below atmosphericpressure

double check valve A device to prevent backflow caused by backpressure, and which

has two independently operating force loaded non-return valves andincorporates specific test points for in-service testing

dual check valve A device to prevent backflow caused by backpressure, which

incorporates two independently operating force loaded non-returnvalves

dual check valve with

atmospheric port

A device to prevent backflow caused by back-siphonage orbackpressure, which incorporates a ventilation port and twoindependently operating force loaded non-return valves whichprevent backpressure when operative, and which automaticallyadmits air to the chamber between the non-return valves, when theupstream non-return valve becomes inoperative

hose connection vacuum

breaker

A device fitted to a hose-tap to prevent backflow in a waterreticulation system caused by either back-siphonage or backpressure,which operates automatically to admit air into the system underback-siphonage conditions and vents the system to atmosphereunder backpressure conditions

pressure type vacuum

breaker

A device to prevent backflow caused by back-siphonage, whichincorporates a force loaded ventilation valve, which operatesautomatically to admit air into the downstream chamber of the valvewhenever the pressure in the chamber reduces to 7 kPa

reduced pressure zone

device

A device to prevent backflow caused by either back-siphonage orbackpressure in a water reticulation system, which incorporates twoindependently operating force loaded non-return valves and whichautomatically drains to waste, whenever the pressure in the systembetween the upstream and downstream non-return valves reduces to

a pressure not less than 14 kPa below the pressure at the inlet to theupstream non-return valve

backnut A thin threaded nut, which can be dished on one face to retain a

seal, used to form a watertight joint on a longscrew or similarcomponent, i.e tapware

backpressure The difference between the pressure within any water service and a

higher pressure within any vessel or pipework to which it isconnected

bain marie A device for heating water in which food containers are placed to

keep the contents warm

band clamped sleeve joint See joint.

bar chair A unit for supporting steel reinforcement while pouring concrete

barrel (of pipe) The longitudinal section of pipe which does not include the jointing

portion

barrel union A fitting for connecting together and disconnecting two pipes

basement The floor space of a building which is substantially or wholly below

the level of the adjoining ground surface

basin A fixture for holding water for ablutionary purposes which may be

designed for mounting in a corner, mounted on a floor supportedpedestal, attached to a wall by means of brackets and screws, or set

in a vanity top

immersed for ablutionary or treatment purposes

eye (wash) A bath consisting of a small bowl with jets of water controlled by a

hand or foot-operated valve

foot bath A bath fixed at a low level for washing or soaking feet

shower bath A bath combined with a shower outlet

spa bath A bath with the facility for injecting air and jets of turbulent water

into water contained in the bath

batter The slope of the sides of an excavation or soil fixture (i.e urinal)

bearing capacity (of soil) The safe load per unit area which the soil can carry.

bedding Material placed beneath a pipe to provide support for the pipeline

bedpan macerator A fixture to macerate paper-mache single-use receptacles and their

contents in a sanitary manner It incorporates an internal flushingand sanitizing cycle after every usage

bedpan washer A sanitary fixture in which bedpans and urine bottles may be

emptied or cleansed It incorporates a flushing apparatus and may be

a sanitizer

bench The floor area of a chamber graded to the channel

change in direction in pipework

inspection opening bend A sanitary drainage bend which incorporates an inspection opening.long bend A pipe bend having a centreline radius of curvature equal to or

greater than 3 times its internal diameter

pan bend A soil pipe bend terminating in a socket to receive the spigot of a

sanitary fixture, e.g WC pan

reducing bend A fitting in the form of a bend in which the internal diameter is

reduced

return bend A pipe used in making a change of direction of 180 degrees

short bend A pipe bend having a radius at the centreline equal to or less than

its internal diameter

spring bend A pipe or fitting used in making a change in direction of less than

90 degrees

bidet A sanitary fixture equipped with a douche device for producing a jet

of water, from a point below the rim of the pan, which can beapplied to the body

bidette A sanitary fixture equipped with a douche but with over rim type

water outlets, providing an airgap

blue metal Crushed graded quarry stone which does not disintegrate over time

boiler See water heater.

boiling water unit An apparatus for providing a continuous supply of boiling water.bolted gland joint See joint.

boss A connection on a vessel, pipe or fitting, provided to facilitate the

connection of a pipe or fitting

pipe boss A short length of pipe with one or more bosses

screwed boss A fitting for attachment to the plate of a vessel, having an external

or internal thread for the connection of a pipe, pipe fitting, valve,tap, immersion heater or other accessory

boundary trap riser A vertical shaft which extends the inlet leg of a boundary trap to

ground surface level to provide access to the drain for inspection,cleaning and maintenance purposes The riser may be sealed with anairtight cap or terminate as a ground vent

bracket A projecting support for a shelf, pipe or other part

brazing The process of joining metals in which a molten non-ferrous filler

metal is drawn by capillary action into the space between closelyadjacent surfaces of the parts to be joined The melting point of thefiller metal is normally above 500°C but always below the meltingtemperature of the metals being joined

brazing alloy A non-ferrous alloy, applied in the molten state, for joining together

metal components by brazing

break pressure tank See tank.

bronze welded joint See joint.

built-in sink See sink.

bylaws Regulations made by local and other authorities under relevant

legislation

bypass An alternative path for diverting the flow of liquid around instead of

through a fitting or apparatus

calorifier An apparatus for indirect heating of water in a vessel, the source of

heat being a separate coil of heated pipes immersed in the water

cap and lining A fitting being a sleeve, one end of which is suitable for connection

to another fitting or component and the other end having ashouldered end and loose coupling nut to connect to a threadedfitting

capacity (of vessel) The maximum volume capable of being contained in a vessel

capacity (of cistern) The volume calculated by measuring up to the marked water level

capacity (of electric storage

The heat storage volume in litres

capacity (of other storage

water heater)

The nominal storage capacity in litres

capacity (of storage tank) The volume of water above the invent of the outlet pipe when the

water surface in the tank is 20 mm below the overflow level

capacity (of pumps) The rated flowrate measured against a specified head

capillary fitting See fitting.

solidification of a molten metal or alloy in a mould

cathodic protection A method of protecting a metal against corrosion by lowering the

potential of the metal surface by means of an impressed current or

by connection to a sacrificial anode

cavitation The formation, growth and collapse of vapour cavities in a liquid

following a drop in pressure usually associated with a large localincrease in velocity as in a pump

cement mortar joint See joint.

central heating water heater See water heater.

centreline radius The radius (of a bend) measured to the centreline of the pipe

chamber A compartment or enclosed space for air or water usage

access chamber A below-ground structure with a sealed cover constructed in the line

of a sanitary drain, to facilitate maintenance of the drain

air chamber A vessel which utilizes the compressibility of contained air to

minimize shock due to water hammer, when connected to apressurized water system

flushing chamber A chamber at which water for flushing is introduced into a drainage

or sewerage system

inspection chamber An access constructed in a drainage system to facilitate inspecting,

testing, or the clearance of obstructions

precast chamber A pre-constructed facility in a drain or sewer to provide access for

inspecting or testing purposes or for the clearance of obstructions Itconsists of a chamber which is accessible through a removablecover

pressurized chamber An enclosed space where the pressure is above atmospheric

pressure

side entrance chamber A chamber so constructed that the access shaft is not directly over

the sewer line and in which access to the sewer is obtained by apassage or an extension to the chamber

chamber base The floor section, commonly cast in situ, which provides a base for

the wall sections of the chamber and contains the flow channels

chamber cover slab (a) A precast unit for installation on top of the wall sections to act

as the top of the chamber, and upon which the heightadjustment rings and cover are located

(b) A hole to permit access for cleaning, inspection or repair

chamber height adjustment

ring

A unit acting as a spacer between the cover slab and cover to enablethe level of the cover to be adjusted to match the surroundingfinished ground level

channel An open graded passage for the conveyance of liquids.

chase A narrow channel formed in a wall or floor of masonry construction

for recessing a pipeline below the surface

chemical water closet pan See water closet pan.

chlorination The addition of chlorine for disinfection

cistern A tank in which water is stored at atmospheric pressure, the water

being normally received through a float control valve set at apredetermined level and incorporating an air gap

flushing cistern A cistern which is capable of discharging a measured quantity of

water, either automatically at intervals regulated by the rate atwhich water is fed to the cistern, or by manual operation of theflushing mechanism

water closet (WC) cistern A flushing cistern designed to be installed in conjunction with a WC

pan, which incorporates a mechanism, normally a float controlvalve, to control the water level It may be any of the followingtypes:

base of the cistern to the top of the pan is not less than

550 mm

base of the cistern to the top of the pan is between 550 mmand 350 mm

base of the cistern to the top of the pan is less than 350 mm

manual operation, and capable of giving flushes of twodifferent volumes, either of which can be selected by the user

manual operation, and which is capable of giving only oneflush volume

cistern fed water heater See water heater.

cleaners’ sink See sink.

cleaning eye A small access opening in a pipe or pipe fitting positioned to

facilitate the clearing of obstructions and fitted with a removableand resealing cap or plug

clip fastener A fixing arrangement designed to bolt, screw, fasten or otherwise

fix or mount plumbing products or related items

close coupled solar

water heater

See solar water heater.

close coupled water

closet pan

See water closet pan.

close taper nipple See nipple.

collar A pipe fitting in the form of a sleeve, for jointing the spigot ends of

two pipes in the same alignment

double collar An arrangement for joining two spigot ends of pipe

finishing collar A fitting for attaching to the riser of an external disconnector gully

into which a grating can be seated

split collar A repair collar manufactured in two pieces and fixed together along

the longitudinal axis of the fitting

collection pitch

with cross-pitch

See solar water heater—terms.

collector aperture See solar water heater—terms.

combination relief valve See valve.

common effluent (drainage)

system

A system for collecting and removing effluent from a group ofproperties

compaction The process of consolidating soil or other materials by mechanical

or other means

compression fitting See fitting.

compressive strength (f′c) The bearing strength of concrete

concrete surround (a) Concrete encasing of a pipe or fitting; or

(b) the concrete margin around a valve box cover, hydrant cover

or similar device

conductivity (of water) The electrical conductivity of water is a measure of the

concentration of dissolved solids and is usually expressed inmicrosiemens/cm

conduit A pipe or other closed passage, for the conveyance of liquids

connection (a) The short section of pipe connector which connects the supply

pipe to a fixture; or(b) the servicing of a property with water supply or sanitarydrainage or effluent disposal

contaminant Any solid, organisms, liquid or gas entering, or with the potential to

enter and pollute, the potable water supply

contaminated area Any area of land which is contaminated by substances or organisms

detrimental to health, including any area of a sanitary depot orwater pollution control plant, or any sewer, sanitary drain, ashpit,tank, pond, cistern, manure bin, or the like

contamination of water test See test.

contingency reserve Water held in storage for use in the event of an interruption to the

normal supply

continuous support A pipe is said to be continuously supported when it is—

(a) placed on a cradle extending the length of the barrel Thecradle follows the contour of the pipe to a defined height; or(b) laid with socket holes dug into the bedding material which isspread so as to give even and continuous support to the pipebetween sockets

controlled pressure water

heater

See water heater.

cooling equipment A facility designed to cool a medium, but not including air

conditioners

air cooling equipment Cooling equipment which is intended to cool air

water cooling equipment Cooling equipment which is intended to cool water, but not

including water-cooled drink dispensers

cooling facility A facility designed to retain trade waste water until cooled

sufficiently before being discharged

corbel water closet pan See water closet pan.

corrosive area An environment, usually below ground, where substances are

present which are corrosive to metallic components

coupling A pipe fitting used for the connecting together of pipes, fittings or

fixtures

expansion coupling A coupling which permits longitudinal movement of the joined parts

(relative to each other), caused by expansion and contraction due totemperature change

flexible coupling A coupling which permits movement of the connected pipework out

of its original alignment, or permits the jointing of componentswhich are not truly aligned

gibault coupling A coupling which uses mechanical means and rubber seals to effect

a joint between two pipes in the same alignment

hose tap coupling A coupling attached to the inlet end of a hose, and having a loose

threaded nut for attachment to a hose tap

insulating coupling A pipe fitting which breaks the electrical continuity between

adjacent pipes, fittings or fixtures

cover (a) An apparatus consisting of a removable lid and a lid support,

and which is generally installed at ground surface level

(b) The vertical distance between the top of the pipe and thefinished surface

access cover A removable cover to provide access for cleaning or inspection.fire hydrant cover A box fitted for ready access to a fire hydrant.

inspection opening cover A cover for protecting and providing access to a below-ground

inspection opening

valve cover A cover for locating, protecting and providing access to a valve

arrangement

cradle A structure for supporting a pipe or apparatus from beneath and

from the sides

cross-connection Any connection or arrangement, physical or otherwise, between any

potable water supply system either directly or indirectly connected

to a water main, and any fixture, storage tank, receptacle, equipment

or device through which it may be possible for any non-potable,used, unclean, polluted or contaminated water, or any othersubstance, to enter any part of such potable water system under anyconditions

crown The highest point on the external surface of a pipe or culvert at any

cross-section

crown (of trap) The topmost point of the outlet leg of a trap

dead leg A branch pipe in a hot water system containing dead water

dead water The cold water drawn off before hot water commences to discharge

from a hot water outlet

delayed action float valve See valve.

dental cuspidor A fixture for use in a dental surgery for the reception of mouth

depth of water seal The vertical distance measured between the dip and the crown weir

of a trap

design life The period of time stated by the manufacturer that a device or

system is expected to perform without requiring major maintenance

or replacement

developed length The total length along the centre-line of a pipe and fittings

including all bends

dezincification The selective corrosion of zinc from some copper-zinc alloys The

zinc is removed from the original alloy and a soft, spongy mass ofcopper which has poor mechanical strength is left

dip (of trap) The lowest position of the barrier within any trap which enables a

water seal to be formed

disconnector gully See gully.

displacement water heater See water heater.

domestic fixture or

appliance

A fixture or appliance which is designed for use in residentialsituations

double check valve See mechanical backflow prevention device.

double wall heat exchanger See heat exchanger.

double Y junction See junction.

drain (sanitary) A line of pipes above or below ground level within the property

boundary, including all fittings and equipment generally external to

a building, intended to convey, under gravity, sewage or tradewaste

branch drain A section of a drain that is intended to receive the discharge of

fixture discharge pipes, but which has a lower fixture unit loadingand which may be of smaller nominal size than the main drain at itspoint of connection

main drain The main conduit of a drainage system to which branches are

connected It is that portion of a sewerage service on privateproperty which is normally located in the ground and which conveys

or is intended to convey the discharge from all fixtures to the sewer.untrapped floor drain A grated outlet to a pipe discharging to an outside location where it

will not cause damage

drainer A person registered or licensed in the construction of drains

drink dispenser An appliance which makes or is used in dispensing drinks, and

which has a water supply or a waste connection, or both It includeswater coolers, coffee making machines, cappuccino machines andother beverage dispensers

drinking fountain A fixture which provides a low flow jet of water from which the

user may drink directly, the supply being controlled by ahand-operated or foot-operated tap

dropper Vertical or near vertical water supply or sanitary plumbing

pipework

dry (road) service A property service installed beneath a roadway prior to the

connection of the property to the water main

dry wall construction A wall built without mortar

dry weather flow The flow in a sewer or drain under normal operating conditions

when infiltration is at a minimum

dry well pump See pump.

dual check valve See backflow prevention device.

dynamic pressure (a) The pressure in pipework under flow conditions (also called

flow pressure)

(b) The pressure resulting from a change in velocity of the fluid

stream (also called hydraulic shock—see water hammer).

eccentric taper fitting See fitting.

effective opening The cross-sectional area of the water passage, either through the

control valve nearest to the point of discharge, or of the pipe orfitting, whichever is the lesser

Effective opening is expressed as—

(a) the diameter of a circle; or(b) where the opening is not circular, the diameter of a circle ofequivalent cross-sectional area

effluent The liquid discharged from a waste water treatment process

ejector pot The chamber of a compressed air sewage ejector to which sewage

drains prior to being ejected by compressed air

elbow A pipe fitting for providing a sharp change of direction in a

pipeline

entry at grade junction See junction.

epoxy resin An adhesive comprising two components which, when mixed in the

correct proportions, react to harden the mixture and form a strongjoint

equilibrium float valve See valve.

evaporative air conditioner A water appliance designed to provide a flow of conditioned air

(temperature or humidity modified), based on the principle of latentheat

expansion control valve See valve.

expansion coupling See coupling.

expansion fitting See fitting.

expansion loop A loop in a pipeline which, by flexing, can accommodate expansion

and contraction movements due to temperature change

expansive soil Soil which undergoes volumetric changes due to variations in

moisture content

extruded A general term to describe a component at or near finished shape,

produced by forcing it from a closed container through a die of theappropriate contour

fabricated fitting See fitting.

fall The difference in level between two points in the direction of flow.back fall The difference in level between two points in the opposite direction

to the designed flow

falling level water heater See water heater.

ferrule A rigid metal sleeve, one end of which is for jointing to the end of

a soft metal pipe, and the other end for insertion into a socket toenable a caulked joint to be made

used to refill a trench or form an embankment

(b) Selected fill — specified material chosen for a particularapplication

filter An apparatus used for the separation of solids from liquids.

fire drencher sprinkler

system

A heat activated fire suppression system, which sprays water on theoutside surface of a building or structure, to prevent the spread offire from an adjacent burning building or structure

fire hose reel A length of firefighting hose which is connected to a valved water

supply and is wound on a reel

fire hydrant A fitting installed in a water pipeline which provides a valved outlet

(above or below ground) to permit a controlled supply of water to

be taken from the pipeline for firefighting or street flushing

fire plug A fire hydrant generally below ground, with identifying cover and

marker, having provision for connection of a fire hydrant standpipe

to permit operation of the outlet valve and connection of hoses.pillar hydrant A fully exposed above-ground cast-iron fire hydrant which

incorporates the control for operating the outlet valve and provides

an outlet for connection of hoses

screwdown hydrant A below-ground fire hydrant with identifying cover and marker,

which incorporates the control for operating the valved outlet and towhich hoses may be connected by using an extension piece so thatthe hose connection is above ground

spring hydrant A valve in which a seal is achieved under normal operating

conditions by a spring-loaded dome, operated in conjunction with aresilient seat The valve is generally operated by means of theattachment of a standpipe

fire hydrant riser A short pipe with flanged ends supplied in varied lengths so that a

fire hydrant outlet can be located at a standard depth, irrespective ofthe depth of the water pipeline

fire hydrant standpipe A portable pipe fitting for connection to a fire hydrant, to operate

the hydrant outlet valve and provide a connection for hoses It mayincorporate a booster valve assembly when necessary

fire service A service comprising water pipes, fire hydrants, fire hose reels,

fittings, and including water storage or pumping facilities which isinstalled solely for firefighting and extinguishing purposes in andaround a building or property Under certain conditions part of afire sprinkler system may be included

fire sprinkler service Piping designed to be kept charged with water under pressure and

fitted with sprinklers which are automatically activated

fitting An item placed in a pipeline for jointing, connecting or changing

the direction or internal diameter of the pipeline

access fitting A straight extension which incorporates a test or access opening

end

adaptor fitting A fitting which allows the connection of fittings or components

whose normal jointing methods do not allow interconnection, orwhich incorporates connection ends with different methods ofjointing

angle of fitting In drainage work, when a fitting is viewed with the spigot

downstream with the inspection opening toward the observer, theangle specified is that formed by the longitudinal axis of the fittingand the axis of the branch, or change in direction, read in aclockwise direction for right-hand fittings and an anti-clockwisedirection for left-hand fittings

capillary fitting Any fitting in which the joint is made by the application of heat to

cause the flow of filler metal by capillary action along the annularspace, between the outside of the tube and the inside of the socket

of the fitting

compression fitting Compression fittings and components are defined as follows:

which does not require any working of the tube other thancutting square The joint is made tight by means of a loosecompression ring which grips the outside wall of the tubewhen the coupling nut is tightened

flaring, croxing, capping or beading the end of the tube which

is then compressed by the coupling nut against the shaped end

of the corresponding section in the fitting

compression joint which grips the outside of the pipe

end of a pipe is held by compression either on the outside of apipe or against a manipulated end of a pipe The compressiveeffect is achieved by tightening the compression nut The jointmay be one of the following types: olive, cone, flared, orcroxed

(e) Ring—that part of a non-manipulative-type compression fitting

which is caused to grip the outside wall of the pipe.Sometimes referred to as a ‘sleeve’, ‘cone’ or ‘olive’

compression joint which is caused to grip the outside of thepipe

cross fitting A fitting having four connection ends all lying in the one plane and

separated by 90°

croxed fitting A fitting in which the joint is made by forming a raised circular

section close to the end of the tube, which is then compressed bythe coupling nut against the shaped end of the corresponding section

in the fitting

eccentric taper fitting A reducer which maintains level soffits in the adjoining graded

pipes

expansion fitting A coupling which permits longitudinal movement, due to

temperature changes of the connected pipework

fabricated fitting A fitting constructed by joining together a number of components

The fitting when assembled is designed to suit a specific purpose.reducing fitting See reducer.

slip fitting A fitting without tube stop shoulders and with a bore which allows

easy installation into existing pipework

components

tee fitting A fitting junction with the branch entering the main pipe at 90°

fixture A receptacle with necessary appurtenances designed for a specific

purpose, the use or operation of which results in a discharge into thesanitary plumbing or sanitary drainage installation

soil fixture A water closet pan, urinal, slop hopper, autopsy table, bedpan

washer or sanitary napkin disposal unit

waste fixture Any fixture other than a soil fixture

fixture discharge pipe See pipe.

fixture pair Two adjacent waste fixtures of the same type which have their

outlets connected to the same fixture trap

fixture unit A unit of measure based on the rate of discharge, time of operation

and frequency of use of a fixture that expresses the hydraulic loadimposed by that fixture on the sanitary plumbing installation

flange A projecting flat rim or disc, with or without bolt holes, for

attaching to or assembling on the end of the pipe, fitting or othercomponent

blank flange A solid disc with bolt holes for bolting to a flange to blank off the

outlet of a pipe, fitting or vessel

insulating flange A pair of mating flanges designed to break the electrical continuity

between adjacent pipes, fittings or fixtures

loose flange A flange not initially fixed to a pipe or fitting but free to be rotated

or moved longitudinally

puddle (weep) flange A flange on a pipe, at the point at which it will pass through a

water retaining or watertight structure, to increase the resistance toleakage along the exterior of the pipe

flange backing ring A full-face ring used on the back of the flange face to reduce the

bolt bearing load on soft flange materials such as aluminium orplastics

flexible mechanical joint See joint.

float A buoyant device (often spherical), used to activate a mechanism by

its response to a rise or fall of the surface of a fluid

flood level rim The lowest part of the top edge of any fixture from which water will

spill when full

floor level When determining the height of a stack in floor levels, a floor level

represents the vertical distance between two adjacent floorstructures

flush pipe connector A jointing device used to make a watertight seal between the flush

pipe and the inlet of a sanitary fixture

flushing surface The internal surface of a soil fixture or urinal face/bowl below the

inlet point or flushing rim wetted during the flushing operation

food waste disposal unit An appliance being an electrically operated mechanical device for

reducing kitchen food waste into fragments small enough to beflushed into the drainage system

forced circulation A circulated flow in any primary, secondary, or supplementary

circuit created by the use of pumps or other mechanical means

forged A wrought product formed by hammering or pressing usually while

hot between open dies (hand forged) or closed dies (drop or dieforged)

foul water Any contaminated or non-potable water

free outlet water heater See water heater.

friction locked joint See joint.

frost heave The arching of soil due to the freezing of in-ground water or

moisture

fully vented modified

system

A system of sanitary plumbing differing from a fully vented system,

in that the traps of any group of two or more fixtures, or floor wastegullies, discharging to the same branch pipe are vented in common

by one or more group vents

fully vented system A system of sanitary plumbing with provision for the separate

ventilation of every fixture trap connected (other than fixturesdischarging to a floor waste gully) and of the trap of every floorwaste gully

fusion welded joint See joint.

galvanic corrosion A type of corrosion which occurs when two dissimilar metals are in

intimate contact in a moist environment Corrosion of the morereactive metal is accelerated by the presence of the less reactivemetal

gasket A piece of deformable material, often preformed, used to make a

watertight and airtight joint between two mating surfaces

geotextile (fabric) Any permeable textile material used with foundations, soil, rock,

earth, or any other geotechnical engineering-related material used as

an integral part of a project

gland A device for preventing the escape of water from a valve or pump

along the surface of the spindle or shaft

gland nut A nut that contains and compresses the packing around a stem,

spindle or shaft

gland packing Material inserted into the stuffing box to prevent leakage of fluid

gland sleeve A sleeve with flanged upper edge or retention shoulder which may

be tightened down onto a packed gland

gland stuffing box The annular space within the body of a component around a stem,

spindle, shaft or housing to contain the gland packing

grade (or gradient) The inclination expressed as the ratio or percentage of unit rise to

horizontal distance

grate A sanitary or stormwater fitting consisting of a frame holding a

grating

floor grate A grate fitted to a sanitary or stormwater fitting positioned within a

graded floor

grating A framework of parallel or crossed bars or a plate having holes or

slots to prevent ingress of large solids

domed grating A grating with a convex upper surface

ground level The surface of the earth at a site.

groundwater Water occurring naturally in the subsoil

gully An assembly used in a wastewater system which provides a water

seal, to prevent odours and gases from escaping into a building orinto the atmosphere in the proximity of the assembly

disconnector gully A gully for use with a riser pipe and inlet fitting, to provide

disconnection by means of a water seal between waste dischargesand the remainder of the sewerage system

floor waste gully A disconnector gully for installation inside a building, for use with

a floor grating or waste outlet fitting on a riser pipe and withprovision where required for connection of waste pipes for fixtures.overflow (relief) gully A self-cleansing trap, provided with a suitable loosely fitted grating

located above ground surface level, provided for the relief of anypossible surcharge and to provide a measure of protection againstoverflow from a drain

gully riser A pipe extending from a gully

gunmetal A copper based alloy containing additions of tin and zinc and which

may also contain lead (leaded gunmetal)

hardness of water That property of water which resists the lathering of soap It is

caused by certain mineral salts, principally calcium and magnesium,dissolved in the water It can be expressed chemically as theconcentration of calcium carbonate in milligrams per litre ofsolution

permanent hardness That part of hardness of water which cannot be removed by boiling

It is caused largely by calcium and magnesium sulphates andchlorides

temporary hardness That part of the hardness of water which can be removed by boiling

It is caused largely by calcium and magnesium bicarbonates which

at high temperatures are converted to insoluble carbonates

total hardness The combination of the temporary and permanent hardness

head The total energy possessed by a unit weight of fluid due to its

elevation, pressure, and velocity It is expressed as a height inmetres of fluid

elevation head The head possessed by a fluid due to its elevation and expressed as

a height of fluid above a datum

friction loss head The loss of head in a fluid moving through a conduit, caused by

shear between the fluid and conduit wall and turbulence within thefluid

maximum head The maximum working water pressure to which a product is to be

subjected, expressed in metres of water or kPa

pressure head The head possessed by a fluid due to its pressure P It is expressed

as a height Hpand calculated using the equation —

=

static head A measure of the at-rest pressure in a hydraulic system, e.g in a

gravity system the difference in elevation between a reference pointand the water surface

velocity head The head possessed by a fluid due to its velocity V It is expressed

as height Hv and calculated using the equation —

=

where g = gravitational acceleration.

working head The pressure head at which a component, e.g fitting, is designed to

operate or is subject to, in service

head loss The difference in head in a fluid between two points

heat exchange solar water

heater

See solar water heater.

heat exchange water heater See water heater.

heat exchanger An apparatus, for use in transferring heat from a heat source to

water contained within a coil or storage cylinder (see also

calorifier.)double wall heat exchanger A type of heat exchanger in which two distinct and separate walls

separate the potable water and the heat transfer fluid

single wall heat exchanger A type of heat exchanger in which only one wall separates the

potable water and the heat-transfer fluid

heat transfer medium Medium, including all additives present under operating conditions,

used to transfer thermal energy

height of stack

(in floor levels)

The number of floor levels through which the stack passes, countedfrom the base of the stack up to, but not including, the floor level

on which the highest fixture is connected Where the distancebetween the base of the stack and the lowest floor exceeds 2.4 m,this interval shall be counted as an additional floor level

horizontal branch That part of a soil pipe or waste pipe extending laterally from a soil

stack or waste stack, with or without vertical section or branches,which receives the discharge from one or more waste pipes or soilpipes and conducts it to the soil stack or waste stack

hose connected spraying

apparatus

See spraying apparatus.

hose connection vacuum

breaker

See backflow prevention devices.

hot discharge A discharge having a temperature of 40°C or higher

hot water reticulation Other than the actual water heater, all parts of the installation and

all equipment and materials necessary to provide a supply of hotwater at the specified outlets

hot water system All parts of the installation including the water heater and all

equipment and materials necessary to provide a supply of hot water

at the specified outlets

supplied to the draw-off points is heated by a primary source

of heat such as solid fuel, gas, electricity or oil

supplied to the draw-off points is heated by means of acalorifier

hot-dip coating A process used for providing protection against corrosion in which

articles are dipped into the molten coating material and onwithdrawal, are allowed to drain and cool with consequentialsolidification of the protective coating

hot-dip galvanizing A process by which a piece of iron or steel is immersed for a short

period in molten zinc for the purpose of applying a zinc coating toprovide protection against corrosion while in service

household solar water heater See solar water heater.

household water heater See water heater.

hydraulic gradient The loss of head in liquid flowing in a pipe or channel, expressed in

unit head loss per unit length of the pipe or channel under steadyconditions In a channel this hydraulic gradient is equal to the slope

of the free surface of the flowing liquid

ice maker An appliance which manufactures ice It has a water connection and

may have a connection to the drainage system

Refrigerators which contain an ice making unit as a component arenot included

in the field A phrase used to describe plumbing operations which are performed

under site conditions on the job rather than under the morecontrolled environment of a workshop or factory

induced siphonage The loss of water from a trap by siphonage caused by a reduction in

pressure at the outlet of the trap

infiltration The unintended ingress of ground water and stormwater into a

sanitary drainage installation

inlet pit A chamber with an inlet, which may be side entry, grate or

combination, that permits the entry of stormwater to a stormwaterdrain and allows access to the drain for maintenance purposes

insolation See solar water heater—terms.

inspection cap A removable airtight cap fitted over a boundary trap riser, or

inspection shaft

inspection junction See junction.

inspection opening (IO) An access opening in a pipe or pipe fitting, arranged to facilitate

inspection testing or the clearing of obstructions and fitted with athreaded cap or plug or an access cover

inspection opening bend See bend.

inspection opening cover See cover.

inspection shaft A shaft constructed in the line of a sanitary drain for the purpose of

inspection and future access for locating and clearing the drain

installation The construction of pipework and fixtures in position for service

and use The network of pipework and fixtures

instantaneous water heater See water heater.

insulating coupling See coupling.

integral unit solar water

heater

See solar water heater.

interface pressure The pressure at the surface separating two components of a joint,

e.g a rubber ring and the pipe socket

interference fit joint See joint.

internal diameter The diameter of waterway through a pipe, tube, tap, valve or other

fitting

invert The lowest point of the internal surface of a pipe or channel at any

cross-section

invert level The level of the lowest point of the internal surface of a pipe or

channel at any cross-section

irrigation The distribution of water for such purposes as growth, leaching,

cooling, treating, humidifying, frost protection and waterreplenishment of the soil for plants, turf, lawns, gardens, nurseriesand agriculture

construction

autogenous welded joint A welded joint in which two parts made of the same metal are

welded together, with or without the use of a filler rod of the samemetal

ball joint A joint in which the two parts joined are shaped so as to be in

contact over part of the surface of a sphere and arranged so thatwithin certain limits the axis of each part can be set in any desiredplane and at any desired angle, one to the other

banded clamp sleeve joint A band clamped over two spigot end pipes to form a watertight seal.belled end joint An expanded or formed end in the shape of a bell on a length of

pipe, to facilitate the making of a fillet welded joint The bell shapeallows for variations in angular alignment

bolted gland joint A mechanical joint for pipes and fittings in which a gland ring is

used to compress a rubber gasket or other material

brazed joint A joint in which the parts are united by a molten brazing alloy.bronze welded joint A joint in which the parts to be joined are united by a fillet of

molten copper alloy, which melts at a temperature below themelting point of the parts being joined

capillary joint A joint in which the parts are united by the flow of filler metal by

capillary action along the annular space between the outside of atube and the inside of a pipe socket or capillary fitting

caulked joint A spigot and socket joint in which the jointing material is

compacted by means of a caulking tool and hammer

cement mortar joint A spigot and socket joint for pipes in which the jointing material

used is cement mortar

compression joint A joint made by fittings in which the end of the pipe is held by

compression with one of the following:

(a) Cone, olive onto the outside wall of the tube

(b) By the deformation of the end of a tube against the body of afitting, or a loose ring or olive

crimp joint A joint made using an internal insert fitting and an external crimp

ring which is compressed with a calibrated crimp tool or othersuitable tool

croxed joint A joint made by fittings in which the end of the pipe has a raised

circular section to seal against the olive

epoxy resin joint A joint in which the parts are united using an epoxy resin adhesive.expansion joint A joint which permits longitudinal relative movement of the jointed

parts caused by expansion and contraction due to temperaturechange

flange joint A joint made by the connection of two flanges by bolts or studs and

nuts

flared joint A pipe joint made by increasing the diameter of one pipe towards

the end to enable insertion of the other pipe

flexible joint A joint which permits some movement of the jointed parts out of

their original alignment, or which permits the jointing of partswhich are not truly aligned

flexible mechanical joint A joint which permits deflection of the jointed pipes or fittings and

includes elastomeric joint seal or seals housed in either—

(a) an integrally manufactured socket—socket type; or(b) a separately manufactured sleeve—sleeve type

friction locked joint A mechanical joint which incorporates an O-ring to provide sealing

and a grab ring to prevent longitudinal movement of the pipe

fusion welded joint (a) A butt or spigot and socket joint made on certain types of

plastics piping, e.g polyethylene, in which the surfaces that are

to be in contact are fused together Two methods may be used.The assembled joint may be heated and fused, or thecomponents may be heated separately and while still hotbrought together to become fused together

(b) A joint made between metals in a molten state without theapplication of pressure

gibault joint A device used for jointing pipes using rubber O-rings compressed to

a sleeve by bolted slip flanges

hot poured joint A pipe connection between spigot and socket of vitrified clay,

concrete or cast-iron pipes made by pouring a molten compoundinto the joint

insulating joint A joint or fitting designed to break the electrical continuity between

adjacent pipes, fittings or fixtures

interference fit joint

(solvent cement)

A sliding solvent cement spigot and socket joint between plasticspipes and fittings, in which the external diameter of the spigotcontacts the internal diameter of the slightly tapered socket within aspecified distance, to the extent that some longitudinal force isrequired to make the joint

mine subsidence joint A spigot and socket joint designed to permit axial movement in

pipework where ground subsidence may take place

rolled grooved joint A joint made using a coupling and a groove that is rolled formed in

the pipe, (not cut)

rubber ring joint A spigot and socket joint incorporating a contoured rubber toroid

which is compressed to effect a seal

silver brazed joint A joint in which the parts are united using a silver brazing alloy.soldered joint A joint in which the metal parts are united with molten solder.solvent cemented joint A spigot and socket joint made on certain types of plastics piping,

e.g UPVC, in which the contact surfaces are both coated withsolvent cement The joint is then made by pressing the softenedsurfaces together

spigot and socket joint A joint for pipes in which the plain end, or spigot, of one section is

inserted into the enlarged end or socket formed on the next section.threaded joint A joint between two concentric cylindrical or slightly tapered

surfaces upon which have been formed matching screw threads Thejoint is made by engaging the thread and rotating one or both parts.Threads may be sealing threads in which case the joint is madepressure tight by the mating of the threads; or fastening threads inwhich the sealing, if necessary is effected by gaskets or O-rings.union A fitting for connecting or disconnecting two pipes

welded joint A joint between materials (usually metal or plastic), the faces of

which are rendered either plastic or liquid, bonded together by heat

or by pressure or both when it is being formed

jointing product A material used in effecting a watertight joint between two mating

surfaces

jointing adhesive A compound applied between two surfaces for the purpose of

adhering one surface to the other

jointing cleaner A compound used to clean mating surfaces prior to their bonding or

jointing

jointing compound A material for use in making a joint

jointing expansion ring A preformed ring made of an elastomeric material for use in making

a fluid-tight joint designed to allow expansion-contractionmovement

jointing primer A compound used to prepare mating surfaces prior to their bonding

jointing sealant A material or compound used to make a fluid-tight joint between

two mating surfaces The sealant may be of a permanently flexible

or rigid-setting type, e.g silicone, epoxy resin, putty, PTFE tape

jointing sealing ring A preformed ring made of an elastomeric material for use in making

a fluid-tight joint between two mating, normally circular, surfaces

jump-up Vertical section of sanitary drain joining two drains at different

levels

graded jump-up An inclined section of sanitary drain joining two drains at different

levels

junction A sanitary fitting used to connect a branch pipe or channel to a

main pipe or channel

45° junction A junction where the branch pipe enters the main pipe at an

entry at grade junction A junction between a graded branch pipe and a stack.

inspection junction A junction entering the main pipe at grade and fitted with an

airtight removable cap

square junction A junction where the branch pipe enters the main pipe at 90°

sweep junction A short length of pipe with a socketed branch at approximately 45°,

and with a socket set at 90° to the pipe centreline

swept junction A long radius bend entering a main pipe at 45° or a 45° junction

fitted with a 45° bend

throat radius junction A short radius bend entering a main pipe at 45° with a throat radius

of half the diameter of the branch pipe

junction opening A sanitary junction which incorporates an inspection, test or access

opening

key A tool provided to enable a person to operate a valve, tap or locking

device or to lift a guard or cover

ferrule key A tool for operating the valve of a screw-down ferrule

lifting key A tool for lifting the cover of a surface box or inspection chamber.locking key A tool for operating a locking device in a cover

latitude angle See solar water heater—terms.

level control valve See valve.

level invert taper See eccentric taper fitting.