AS NZS 1596 1997 storage and handling of LP gas

3.3.2 Safety valve There shall be no valve or restriction of any type between a safetyvalve and the vapour space of a tank, except where reserve safety valves are provided underthe condi

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AS/NZS 1596:1997 Storage and handling of LP Gas

Licensed to LUU MINH LUAN on 25 Feb 2002

AS/NZS 1596:1997

Storage and handling of LP Gas

This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint TechnicalCommittee ME/15, Storage and Handling — Liquefied Petroleum Gases It wasapproved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 4 July 1997 and on behalf

of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 11 August 1997 It was published on

5 September 1997

The following interests are represented on Committee ME/15:

A.C.T Emergency Services BureauAustralasian Corrosion AssociationAustralasian Fire Authorities CouncilAustralian Gas Association

Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas AssociationDepartment of Urban Affairs and Planning, N.S.W

Department for Industrial Affairs, S.A

Department of Mines and Energy, QldDepartment of Minerals and Energy, W.A

Fire Protection Association AustraliaGas and Fuel Corporation of VictoriaInstitution of Engineers, AustraliaInsurance Council of AustraliaLPG Association of New ZealandVictorian WorkCover AuthorityWork Health Authority, N.T

WorkCover Authority of N.S.W

Workplace Standards Authority, Tas

Review of Standards To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/

New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue

of amendments or new editions as necessary It is important therefore that Standards usersensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.Full details of all Joint Standards and related publications will be found in the StandardsAustralia and Standards New Zealand Catalogue of Publications; this information issupplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’ and ‘StandardsNew Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give details of newpublications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards

Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of eitherStandards Australia or Standards New Zealand, are welcomed Notification of anyinaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be madewithout delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken

AS/NZS 1596:1997

Storage and handling of LP Gas

Originated in Australia as AS CB20—1965.

Previous Australian editions AS 1596—1989 and AS 1596 Supplement 1—1994.

Originated in New Zealand as NZS 5434:1986.

AS 1596—1989, AS 1596 Supplement 1—1994 and NZS 5434:1986 jointly revised, amalgamated and designated AS/NZS 1596:1997.

155 The Terrace,Wellington 6001 New Zealand

This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New ZealandCommittee ME/15, Storage and Handling — Liquefied Petroleum Gases, to supersede

AS 1596—1989, LP Gas — Storage and handling, AS 1596 Supplement 1 — 1994, LP Gas—

Storage and handling — Siting of LP Gas automotive retail outlets and NZS 5434:1986, Code

of practice for LPG vehicle refuelling stations.

In 1973, AS CB20, which had been published in 1965 as the first Standard on the subject,was translated to metric units to become AS 1596, but was not comprehensively revised

A later edition of 1979 contained only the more pressing adjustments, then a morecomprehensive review resulted in a new edition in 1983

The 1989 edition included a rewrite of the cylinder section and revision of the locationrequirements for cylinder filling and storage areas together with a total review of the firesafety section

This 1997 edition continues the development process and incorporates the following changes:(a) The focus of the protected works definition has been modified to include, under thetitle of protected place, any open areas in which persons are accustomed to assemble

in large numbers within and outside the property in addition to protected works.(b) The requirement of openable rain caps for safety valves has been removed

(c) A 3 mm limiting orifice is now required at hydrostatic relief valves

(d) Requirements for over-pressure protection and venting of regulators has been referred

to the latest AG 601 and NFPA/UL requirements

(e) Tanker drive-away protection requirements have been deleted The issue is addressed

inAS 2809.3, Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods, Part 3: Tankers for compressed

liquefiable gases.

(f) Requirements for unodourized gas have been included

(g) The level of odourant addition has been increased to address odourant fade

(h) Section 5 has been developed to address adjacent buried tanks, the relative levels ofinterconnected tanks and remote contents gauging

(i) The content of Section 6 has been adjusted to cover hardware and installation, andSections 7 and 8 relate to filling sites

(j) Section 7 has been expanded to include a warning about pumping rates and expandedrequirements for decanting, and to address transportable decanting

(k) Section 9 has undergone a major review caused by the incorporation of AS 1596Supplement 1 — 1994, and the work of Subcommittee ME/15/2

(l) Dispenser requirements have been reviewed and updated to align with the new styles.(m) Section 10 has been revised to include the philosophy of managerial responsibility forprocedures which relate to the size and complexity of a specific installation

(n) The use of hazardous areas has been included, as defined in AS 2430.1 — 1987,

Classification of hazardous areas, Part 1, Explosive gas atmospheres;

AS 2430.3 —1991, Classification of hazardous areas, Part 3, Specific occupancies; and NZS 6101.3:1991, Classification of hazardous areas, Part 3, Specific occupancies

(flammable gas and vapour atmospheres).

(o) The wording of the Standard has been modified to delete approvals by the authorityand the nomination of responsibility for various activities so as to align with theproposed National Standard for the Storage and Handling of Dangerous Goods Thishas the effect of removing the approval requirements which existed for such issues asdeodorized installations.

(p) The Standard has been developed as a Joint Standard, with New Zealand requirementsincluded

Australian and New Zealand references are separated by a slash (/) Australianreferences apply in Australia, and New Zealand references apply in New Zealand JointStandards apply in both Australia and New Zealand

The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define theapplication of the appendix to which they apply A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part

of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance

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Page

FOREWORD 7

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 11

1.2 OBJECTIVE 11

1.3 INTERPRETATIONS 11

1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 12

1.5 DEFINITIONS 12

1.6 RESTRICTIONS ON IGNITION SOURCES 16

SECTION 2 MINOR STORAGE AND USAGE 2.1 APPLICATION 17

2.2 PRECAUTIONS 17

2.3 RESTAURANTS 18

2.4 LP GAS CYLINDERS ON TROLLEYS 18

2.5 NON-REFILLABLE CONTAINERS 18

2.6 CYLINDER USE 18

SECTION 3 COMPONENTS FOR TANK SYSTEMS 3.1 APPLICATION 20

3.2 TANK DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 20

3.3 CONTROL OF LP GAS OUTFLOW 21

3.4 SAFETY VALVES 23

3.5 VALVES AND ACCESSORIES 24

3.6 PIPING 26

3.7 VAPORIZERS 27

SECTION 4 TANK SYSTEM INSTALLATION 4.1 APPLICATION 29

4.2 TANK SPACING AND SEPARATION DISTANCES 29

4.3 TANK SITE CONDITIONS 31

4.4 CONSTRUCTION OF FIREWALLS, VAPOUR BARRIERS AND THERMAL SCREENS 31

4.5 TANK FOUNDATIONS AND SUPPORTS 32

4.6 TANK INSTALLATION AND DESIGN 34

4.7 CONNECTIONS FOR TANK FILLING AND TANKER LOADING 34

4.8 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM 36

4.9 PIPING 38

4.10 VAPORIZER INSTALLATION 39

4.11 REGULATORS 40

4.12 PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS 40

4.13 SECURITY AND DAMAGE AVOIDANCE 41

4.14 LIGHTNING AND BONDING PROTECTION 41

4.15 LADDERS, STEPS AND PLATFORMS 42

4.16 LEAK DETECTION 42

4.17 MARKINGS AND NOTICES 42

4.18 ILLUMINATION 42

SECTION 5 UNDERGROUND TANK INSTALLATIONS

5.1 APPLICATION 43

5.2 CORROSION CONTROL 43

5.3 LOCATION AND INSTALLATION 43

5.4 ACCESS, PROTECTION, FITTINGS AND ACCESSORIES 46

5.5 DISCHARGE FROM SAFETY RELIEF DEVICE 47

SECTION 6 CYLINDERS AND CYLINDER SYSTEMS 6.1 APPLICATION 49

6.2 CYLINDERS 49

6.3 REGULATORS AND PIPING 49

6.4 CYLINDERS IN USE 50

6.5 CYLINDERS IN USE WITHIN BUILDINGS 52

6.6 CYLINDER STORAGE 53

SECTION 7 CYLINDER-FILLING INSTALLATIONS — AUSTRALIA 7.1 APPLICATION 55

7.2 GENERAL 55

7.3 CYLINDER-FILLING AREA 55

7.4 DECANTING 56

SECTION 8 CYLINDER-FILLING INSTALLATIONS — NEW ZEALAND 8.1 APPLICATION 59

8.2 GENERAL 59

8.3 CYLINDER-FILLING AREA 59

8.4 DECANTING 60

SECTION 9 AUTOMOTIVE-FILLING INSTALLATIONS 9.1 APPLICATION 61

9.2 COMMON REQUIREMENTS 61

9.3 DISPENSING SYSTEMS 62

9.4 NOTICES, SIGNS AND INSTRUCTIONS 65

9.5 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR SERVICE STATIONS 65

9.6 SITE SUITABILITY 70

9.7 LAND USE CONTROLS 70

9.8 SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 72

SECTION 10 OPERATIONS 10.1 APPLICATION 75

10.2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS 75

10.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF PROCEDURES 76

10.4 COMPLIANCE, SUPERVISION AND RECORDS 79

10.5 CONSTRUCTION, INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE 79

10.6 SPECIFIC OPERATING PROCEDURES 81

10.7 TRANSPORT OR REMOVAL OF STORAGE TANKS 82

10.8 TANKER OPERATIONS 82

10.9 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS FOR TANKER TRANSFER 83

10.10 SUPERVISION OF DELIVERY 84

10.11 PROCEDURES FOR FILLING AND EMPTYING TANKS 84

10.12 CYLINDER FILLING 86

10.13 FILLING FROM TANKERS TO CYLINDERS OTHER THAN IN SITU 87

10.14 CYLINDER STORAGE AND HANDLING 87

SECTION 11 FIRE SAFETY

11.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 88

11.2 CYLINDERS 90

11.3 TANK INSTALLATIONS 90

11.4 AUTOMOTIVE FILLING INSTALLATIONS 91

11.5 DETAIL REQUIREMENTS 91

APPENDICES A LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 94

B TANK OR CYLINDER FILLING LEVEL 98

C MARKINGS, SIGNS AND NOTICES 104

D DISCHARGE CAPACITY OF SAFETY VALVES 108

E TANK AND CYLINDER LOCATION 109

F IDENTIFICATION OF LIQUID AND VAPOUR LINES 111

G LEAKAGE TESTING OF PIPEWORK 112

H HAZARDOUS AREAS 113

I INDUSTRIAL MOBILE SPACE HEATERS 116

J DECANTING PROCEDURE 117

K EMERGENCY PLANS 119

L MOTOR VEHICLE REFUELLING 121

M FIRE EXPOSURE PROTECTION 122

N DRIVER INSTRUCTION SIGNS 126

O SCOPE OF AS/NZS 1596 129

Safety is the fundamental objective of this Standard and is the most important single issue.Traditionally, this Standard has included a specific section on firefighting provisions, whichcan mislead by implying that nothing more is necessary to ensure fire safety

The dangers of such a misapprehension are twofold At the very least there is the possibility

of misdirected effort, something that is never rewarding At the worst, misplaced trust caneasily be generated, and this could lead personnel to place themselves in danger

Requirements must therefore be based on possibilities that are actual and not merelyconjecture, and on an assessment of the real capabilities of the various equipment options

A major conclusion is that water systems alone cannot ensure total fire safety, no matter howelaborate They are not even the principal means of protection — that is embodied in theengineering of the installation The components, their arrangement, the site layout and theoperating and maintenance procedures, all form part of the principal fire-safety provisions,the purpose of which is to ensure that the secondary provisions, i.e the water systems, willnever need to be used in a real emergency

A fire will not occur if any one of the three essential elements, i.e fuel, air and an ignitionsource, is missing It is sometimes possible to eliminate air, for example underground andmounded tanks largely achieve this, but ignition sources and fuel escapes are usually moreamenable to control

Risk of ignition can be minimized by separating potential leaks from ignition sources,controlling access, controlling on-site procedures and activities and good housekeeping bycleaning combustibles from the site Obviously these measures can only be aimed at copingwith the predictable, such as normal operational releases and minor mishaps To try to caterfor gross escapes bordering on the catastrophic would result in separation distances that areout of the question in practical terms, so it is necessary to reduce the probability of any majorreleases to a level which can reasonably be considered to be negligible

The prevention of gas escapes, i.e containment, is considered to be the single most importantaspect of this Standard If gas remains contained, there can be no fire risk If an escape can

be terminated quickly and preferably automatically, the risk of ignition and the consequencesare minimized Thus engineering the containment and valving provisions are considered vital

Equipment deterioration is a management matter Operating and maintenance procedures must

be set up in the first place, must be implemented and must not be allowed to lapsesubsequently

Fire threats fall roughly into two classes, i.e a nearby fire radiating heat to a tank or a firearound the tank and impinging directly on it A tank can tolerate a certain amount of heatinflux, but the level is not high Heating means a high risk of gas discharge either through

a safety valve or through the failure of some feature of the installation; therefore any form

of tank heating is not tolerable and must be terminated as quickly as possible

An accidental on-site fire is dealt with in the main by preventive measures and procedures.Flammable liquid spills, the greater concern, are prevented from becoming a major hazard

by kerbing, grading and other spillage control measures Rubbish should not accumulate on

a well-kept site, but, if a minor fire should start, the extinguishers and hose reels specifiedshould cope

Nearby high radiation fires are an important consideration There is obviously no point inproviding elaborate cooling systems if there is nothing nearby to burn, yet there will be caseswhere there is a real risk and other cases where it will be necessary to show care A survey

of each site is necessary The radiation level from an average building fire is known to be ofthe order of 150 kW/m2, and the tolerable heat flux at the tank surface is known to be

10 kW/m2; hence the limiting distances to potential hazards can be calculated and a decision

on the need for heat protection can be made

When a fire has developed on the LP Gas system itself, there is a great potential forescalation of the incident A leak, particularly of liquid, can throw a flame a considerabledistance If such a flame impinges on a tank, the heat flux is almost always considerably inexcess of the tolerable level It is particularly serious if the flame impingement is on thevapour space of the tank, and this does not necessarily mean the top, as it must be borne inmind that a tank that is virtually empty is entirely vapour space An impingement fire islikely to escalate and may cause failure of the tank resulting in a sudden release of the tank’scontents which are ignited by the impinging flame The resulting fire cannot be fought byconventional methods, hoses or extinguishers The only effective way to fight a gas fire is

to turn off the gas

Therefore the engineering of the installation constitutes the most significant and mosteffective element in fire safety considerations Fire safety is achieved principally bymechanical means, i.e a system of valves which control all outflow of LP Gas, whether liquid

or vapour, and can shut down the system, preferably automatically, should an incident occur.This Standard has been reviewed from the standpoint that where gas remains contained therecan be no risk If an escape occurs it must be terminated quickly and preferablyautomatically, so that the risk of ignition and the consequences of it are minimized Attentionhas been paid to defining possible causes of gas escape and the capabilities and shortcomings

of particular types of equipment The outcome was not so much a radical change as arefinement and re-orientation to ensure that the aims are clearer and the best options areutilized Key aspects of the engineering side of the installation are as follows:

(a) The major objective must be that the worst possible event, a tank rupture, cannot beallowed to occur To achieve this, it must be inherent in the design of an installationthat losses of containment are prevented where possible or otherwise controlled orsafely directed The engineering of the containment provisions must virtually eliminatethe risk of a gas fire within the installation

(b) An escape of liquid is more serious than an escape of vapour, except that anyimpingement of flame on an unwetted (vapour space) tank surface is critical

(c) Openings into a tank should not be more numerous, nor larger, than they need to be.(d) Every opening above a stated minimum size should have double protection, termed theprimary and the secondary control systems

(e) The primary shut-off system must be one that functions automatically, i.e either anon-return valve or an excess flow valve Non-return valves must be given preferencewherever they can be used, and must be incorporated in every one-way liquid fillingentry The reason for this preference is that a non-return valve will shut in anycondition of backflow, whereas an excess flow valve will shut only in specific outflowconditions

(g) The selection of the secondary shut-off system depends on the function of the opening.Where the primary control is a non-return valve, a manual secondary control may beadequate; sometimes even another non-return valve will suffice for small tanks.

Where the primary shut-off system is an excess flow valve, the secondary shut-offsystem for vapour outlets does not need to be elaborate, but it must be some form ofpositive shut-off valve which may be manual If a liquid connection, it must be capable

of remote operation and must have automatic closing in the event of fire The objective

is to be able to shut all liquid outlets from a position of safety

(h) Careful thought must be given in the design stage to ensure that any filling orwithdrawal connection, shear point, screwed or flanged connection, or other feature towhich flame could flash in the event of fire is located and directed to avoid flameimpingement, especially on the vapour area of the tank Pipework should be designed

to minimize the number of flanges and joints

(i) Generally the equipment should have adequate short-term tolerance for radiated heatsufficient to allow time to set up and bring into operation protective cooling measures.(j) Water sprays and sprinkler systems are not a substitute for protective valving Morework on the valve system design is preferable to more work on the water system.However, water may help by slowing down or preventing escalation, depending on thescale of the incident

(k) Site management has a continuing responsibility to ensure that training, operating, andmaintenance procedures are set up in the first place, are implemented, and are notsubsequently allowed to lapse

(l) A certain basic level of firefighting equipment is required for all but the most minorinstallations, to cope with the unpredictable Water sprays are not necessarilymandatory from the point of view of tank size as in the past They are one of severalalternative forms of incidental heat protection, and the need is determined from asurvey of the actual site conditions

The requirements of the Standard have been devised on the basis of a definite concept as tothe handling of a fire emergency involving LP Gas storages, the elements of which are asfollows:

(i) Rapid evaluation of the nature of the fire is imperative

(ii) If it is an adjacent fire in some other structure or material, then the problem is whetherthe heat radiation to the tank is sufficient to require remedial action

(iii) If gas is escaping the priority tasks are to prevent escalation, to stabilize, then toterminate The twin needs are to shut off the gas flow and, in the meantime, to cool anyareas that may need it

(iv) If stability can be achieved, there is nothing wrong with letting the gas burn if it isdoing no harm, even to the extent of burning off all the stored gas if this is the safestthing to do

(v) If the situation is obviously escalating, and gas flow cannot be stopped, then theemergency teams must be evacuated

(vi) Spray systems can protect against incident radiation, but cannot be trusted to cope with

a concentrated flame impingement

The automotive filling installation requirements of this Standard incorporate locationrequirements based on an assessment of risks These requirements may be used by designers,developers, planners and authorities dealing with location and land-use planning aspects of

LP Gas service stations

These requirements are based on hazard analysis, quantified risk assessment and event trees

of a generalized LP Gas service station and its operation

A significant program of fire testing, conducted to demonstrate actual release rates and flamelengths prevailing under various conditions involving loss of containment, was performed byindustry The resultant experimental data together with additional failure data, risk reductionmeasures and a safety management system has been incorporated into event trees to provide

an in-depth assessment on which the requirements are based

Inadequacy of applicable local failure-frequency data was found to be the primary limitingfactor in the analysis and as a result the assessment may be subject to review in the futureshould additional data become available

The assessment specifically considered the technical, operational and safety requirementsassociated with a single 8000 L above-ground storage tank, its associated equipment andactivities In respect of a residential area the assessment provided a cumulative risk of afatality at 7.5m of 1 × E-6 per annum, being a borderline result which was particularlysensitive to assumptions made on input, ignition and delivery frequency, thus a distance of10m was considered representative of the QRA outcome A conservative figure of 15 m hasbeen used in the Standard

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA / STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Australian / New Zealand Standard Storage and handling of LP Gas

S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L

1.1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION

1.1.1 Scope This Standard specifies requirements for the location, design, construction,commissioning and operation of installations for the storage and handling of LP Gas, and includesthe management of emergencies

It does not apply to —

(a) refrigerated storage of LP Gas or refrigeration systems (seeAS 1677);

(b) underground storage of LP Gas in mined caverns or geological formations;

(c) plant or equipment in which LP Gas is processed or produced, or vessels which form anintegral part of that processing equipment (but does include post manufacturing storage);(d) industrial gas-consuming equipment (seeAS 1375/NZS 5261);

(e) from the outlet of the first regulator on a fixed consumer piping installation where the LPGas container is installed on the same site, or from the outlet of the consumer billing meter

or regulator where LP Gas is reticulated to the site from storage off the site (see

AG 601/NZS 5261)

NOTE: Figures illustrating where each Standard or code applies are given in Appendix O

(f) automotive installations addressed in AS 1425/NZS 5422.1 and in AS 2809.3/NZ LPGTankwagon Code; and

(g) transport operations as covered in Australia by the Australian Dangerous Goods Code and

in New Zealand by the requirements of the relevant authority

(h) from the outlet of the first regulator in an LP Gas installation supplying multiple customers

on separate sites to the outlet of the customer billing meter or regulator on each site (see

AG 603/NZS 5258)

NOTE: Figures illustrating where each Standard or code applies are given in Appendix O

1.1.2 Application This Standard shall be read as defining the minimum requirement ofacceptability

This Standard applies to installations commenced after its publication date Unless otherwisespecifically indicated in this Standard it shall not apply to existing installations

The relevant authority having jurisdiction may determine the extent of application of this Standard

NOTE: ‘Commenced’, for the purpose of this Clause, means the point at which site or equipmentconstruction has begun

1.2 OBJECTIVE The objective of this Standard is to provide designers, planners, operatorsand regulators with technical and procedural requirements for installations for the safe storing andhandling of LP Gas

NOTE: An installation may come under the jurisdiction of several authorities with differing areas ofresponsibility An approval from one does not necessarily constitute an approval from others Thus theconstruction and operation of any plant may require separate approvals from authorities interested instorage and handling of LP Gas, factory or machinery safety, fire safety, electricity, health, environment,water supply, sewerage and drainage or the training and licensing of personnel

1.3 INTERPRETATIONS Questions concerning the interpretation of any part of this Standardmay be referred to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand

NOTE: Where the Standard is referenced by regulation, Standards Australia or Standards New Zealandwill provide advice on interpretation However, that advice is not binding on the statutory authority

1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The documents referred to in this Standard are listed

in Appendix A

Where the referenced documents are nominated in the form ‘ AS 1425/NZS 5422.1 ’ thefirst Standard applies in Australia and the second Standard in New Zealand

1.5 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply

1.5.1 ADG Code — Australian Code For The Transport Of Dangerous Goods By Road and

Rail

1.5.2 AGA — Australian Gas Association.

1.5.3 AIP — Australian Institute of Petroleum.

1.5.4 ALPGA — Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association.

1.5.5 Approved, approval — approved by, or approval of, the authority or body having

1.5.8 Boundary — the boundary of the whole of the site under the same occupancy as that

on which the installation is included

1.5.9 Capacity (of a tank or cylinder) — the total volume of the space enclosed within the

tank or cylinder, expressed in kilolitres or litres respectively

NOTE: This is often referred to as ‘water capacity’

1.5.10 Combustible — a substance capable of undergoing combustion (AS 1530.1provides

a test method for and criterion of combustibility for building materials.)

1.5.11 Combustible liquid — a combustible liquid as defined in AS 1940/NZ DangerousGoods Regulations

1.5.12 Compound — an area bounded by natural ground contours or by a bund, and

intended to retain spillage or leakage (A pit or tank may be used to provide the samefunction.)

1.5.13 Container — anything which contains or can contain LP Gas It does not include a

vehicle or a freight container

1.5.14 Cylinder — a container which falls within the scope of AS 2030.1 or, inNew Zealand, an approved container as relevant to LP Gas

1.5.15 Decanting — a procedure in which the liquid phase of LP Gas is transferred from one

container to another by utilizing the difference in pressure between the two containers

1.5.16 Direct connection — a filling connection mounted directly at the tank and designed

to spray fill into the tank vapour space An extension pipe may be used for operationalconvenience

1.5.17 Emergency shut-down system — a control system that facilitates safe LP Gas

shut-down in an emergency

1.5.18 Excess-flow valve — a normally open valve which closes automatically when a

predetermined flow rate in a particular direction has been exceeded

1.5.19 Filling connection — a loading connection suitable for use with LP Gas and

compatible with the tanker coupling or site coupling

1.5.20 Fire resistance level (FRL) — a measure of the fire resistance of a material or

structure as determined in accordance with AS 1530.4/NZS/AS 1530.4 It consists of threenumerals representing, in order, the period of resistance for —

(a) structural adequacy;

1.5.21 Firewall — a wall or other barrier constructed and placed with the object of

preventing the spread of fire or the radiation of heat from any one place to some other place

1.5.22 Fixed liquid level gauge or fixed ullage gauge — a gauge which indicates the

maximum permitted liquid level in the container

NOTE: It is usually one of two types: one is a tube arranged with its open end located at the liquidlevel, so that gaseous discharge changes to liquid discharge as the liquid surface reaches the level;the other is a sight-glass marked at the level Alternative level-gauging methods of equivalentreliability are available

1.5.23 Flammable liquid — a flammable liquid as defined in the ADG Code/New Zealand

Dangerous Goods Regulations

1.5.24 Fleet refuelling — a place where only the refuelling of vehicles for industrial or

commercial use occurs, and where the retail selling of LP Gas to the public does not occur

1.5.25 Fusible link — a safety device consisting of a suitable low melting point material

which is intended to yield or melt at a predetermined temperature

1.5.26 Gas distributor — a person, or persons, or company which receives LP Gas in bulk

for distribution to the general public, or to agents who in turn sell the LP Gas to the generalpublic

1.5.27 Gas free — for gases and volatile liquids, an atmosphere in the tank or receptacle

containing a concentration of the gas or liquid vapour less than the concentration listed in theNOHSC Exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants in the occupational environment.For flammable gases an atmosphere in the tank or receptacle less than 5% of the lowerexplosive limit (LEL) for the substance concerned when sampled at ambient temperature

1.5.28 Hazardous area — a Zone 0, Zone 1 or Zone 2 area as defined in the relevant Parts

of AS 2430/NZS 6101

1.5.29 Hot work — any work in or impinging on a hazardous zone that involves cutting or

welding by gas or electric arc or any non-welding work of equivalent risk, e.g grinding,drilling, or the use of percussion tools

1.5.30 Ignition source — a source of energy sufficient to ignite a flammable atmosphere and

includes naked flames, smoking, exposed incandescent material, electrical welding arcs andelectrical or mechanical equipment not suitable for use in the particular hazardous zone

A vehicle is not regarded as being an ignition source while it is entering or leaving thehazardous zone surrounding a LP Gas dispenser or a bulk LP Gas filling connection.However, it is treated as a potential ignition source during the period of bulk liquid transfer,and precautionary measures need to be taken

1.5.31 Industrial building — a laboratory, or a building in which a handicraft or process

for the production, assembly, alteration, repair, packing, finishing, or cleaning of goods orproduce is carried on for trade, sale, or gain (Building Code of Australia — Class 8.)

1.5.32 In-situ filling — a cylinder-filling procedure by which an installed cylinder on a

customer’s premises is filled from a tanker

1.5.33 Installation — all the facilities on a site used for storing or handling LP Gas 1.5.34 Internal (component) — a fitting or component constructed so that significant

working parts are within the container shell and damage to exposed portions will not preventeffective safe seating or closure

1.5.35 Internal safety control valve (ISC) — a quick-closing internal valve incorporating

an internal excess-flow valve function

1.5.36 Liquefied petroleum gas (LP Gas) — a hydrocarbon fluid composed predominantly

of any of the following hydrocarbons, or mixtures of all or any of them: propane (C3H8),propylene (C3H6), butane (C4H10) or butylenes (C4H8) Unless specifically stated otherwise,any reference to ‘propane’, ‘butane’, etc means the commercial grade of that product

NOTE: The characteristics of the various LP Gases, either pure or of commercial grades, togetherwith methods for their determination, are given in the ALPGA publication ‘Liquefied PetroleumGas — Specifications and Test Methods’

1.5.37 LPGA — Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association of New Zealand.

1.5.38 Mass-filling ratio — the ratio between the greatest mass of LP Gas permitted in a

container and the mass of water at 15°C which would completely fill the container

1.5.39 Maximum filling level — the highest liquid surface level permitted in a tank for a

specific type of LP Gas, account being taken of its density and its actual temperature at thetime of loading (See Appendix B.)

1.5.40 May — indicates the existence of an option.

1.5.41 Non-return valve (check valve) — a valve which permits flow in one direction only 1.5.42 POL coupling — an LP Gas union connection having a left-hand thread, as specified

for Type 21 in AS 2473

1.5.43 Positive shut-off — a valve which when actuated to the closed positionunquestionably blocks off all flow The actuating stem shall be permanently connected to theflow blocking components

1.5.44 Practicable — practicable having regard to —

(a) the severity of the hazard or risk in question;

(b) the state of knowledge about that hazard or risk and about ways of removing ormitigating that hazard or risk;

(c) the availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate that hazard or risk; and(d) the cost of removing or mitigating that hazard or risk

1.5.45 Protected place — any of the following:

(a) A dwelling, place of worship, public building, school or college, hospital, theatre orany building or open area in which persons are accustomed to assemble in largenumbers, whether within or outside the property boundary of the installation

(b) A factory, office, workshop, store, warehouse, shop or building where people areemployed, except a building used specifically for the storage and handling of LP Gas.(c) A vessel lying at permanent berthing facilities

(d) Any storage facility for dangerous goods outside the property boundary of theinstallation, except those defined as minor storages in other Standards or regulations.

1.5.46 Public place — any place, other than private property, open to the public and

including a street or road

Parking areas for commercial and public buildings are not treated as public places

1.5.47 Quick-closing internal valve — an internal valve designed and arranged to be closed

both automatically by the operation of one or more heat-sensing devices (which may befusible links) or manually from a remote position, or both, by the release of the means ofholding the valve open

1.5.48 Radiation barrier — a shield interposed between a source of radiant heat and an

object, and designed to reduce to an acceptable level the amount of radiant heat received bythe object

1.5.49 Regulator — a device which automatically regulates the outlet pressure of gas passing

through it to a predetermined limit

1.5.50 Remote connection — a filling connection located remotely from the tank and which

may be complemented with a vapour recovery connection for use with a tanker loading orunloading operation The remote connection is anchored to prevent movement

1.5.51 Safety valve — as defined in AS 1210 and AS 1271, i.e a type of pressure reliefvalve intended for the release of excessive vapour pressure

1.5.52 Service station — an automotive LP Gas retail outlet, being a place where LP Gas is

sold to the public as a motor fuel

1.5.53 Shall — indicates that a statement is mandatory.

1.5.54 Should — indicates a recommendation.

1.5.55 Site — location of an LP Gas facility or where such a facility may be installed.

1.5.56 Site manager — the person with overall direct responsibility for management of the

site

1.5.57 Site occupier — the person, persons or company that occupies the site on which the

LP Gas facility is located and that is responsible for the operations which take place on thesite, which may include vehicle refuelling

1.5.58 Site operator — a person employed or engaged by the site occupier and whose duties

include responsibility for the LP Gas operations

1.5.59 Standard filling level — the highest liquid surface level permitted in a container for

an LP Gas of specified density, assuming a liquid temperature of 5°C It provides the locationfor the sensing point of the liquid level gauge

NOTE: The standard filling level represents a safe but conservative filling level for any LP Gaswhose density is equal to or higher than that for which the level was set, and whose temperature

at the time of filling is 5°C or higher, the object being to ensure that the tank does not becomesubject to hydrostatic pressure under design condition

1.5.60 Tank — a container other than a cylinder, designed for the storage or transport of LP

Gas A tank may be one of the following types:

(a) Static storage tank — a tank intended to remain permanently in place once installed.

(b) Portable tank — a tank intended for semi-permanent installation, but which incorporates

additional features which allow it to be transported to the site, or transferred to anothersite, filled or partly filled with LP Gas

(c) Skid tank — a tank intended to be repeatedly transported in the full condition, and which

may be moved frequently to service shifting or short-term demands Such tanks might

be used on an exchange fill basis, or might be left on-site for refilling from tankers.(d) Demountable delivery tank — a tank intended to be mounted on a vehicle to be used as

an LP Gas delivery tanker, and which may be removed from the vehicle from time totime

(e) Freight container tank — a tank fitted with frames to international freight container

dimensions in accordance with AS/NZS 3711.6

1.5.61 Tanker — a road tank vehicle that meets the requirements of AS 2809.3, or withearlier Standards superseded by AS 2809.3, or with the NZ LPG Tankwagon Code

1.5.62 Thermal screen — a wall or other screen constructed and placed to protect people

and the environment from the effects of short-duration fires, and from the effects of heatradiation A firewall satisfies the requirements of a thermal screen

1.5.63 Ullage — the space above the liquid level in a container.

1.5.64 Vaporizer — a device, other than a tank or cylinder, which receives LP Gas in the

liquid phase and adds sufficient heat to convert the liquid to a gaseous state

1.5.65 Vapour barrier — a wall or other barrier constructed and placed with the objective

of preventing the passage of vapour from any one place to some other place

1.5.66 Volume filling percentage — the maximum volume of liquid permitted in the

container, expressed as a percentage of its capacity (See capacity, Clause 1.5.9.) This volume

is variable, being dependent on temperature

NOTE: The percentage is variable, being dependent on the LP Gas density and temperature, and

is the basis for determining the maximum or the standard filling level (See Appendix B.)

1.6 RESTRICTIONS ON IGNITION SOURCES Throughout this Standard, reference

is made to hazardous areas as specified in the relevant Parts of AS 2430/NZS 6101 Unlessspecifically stated otherwise in this Standard, sources of ignition are not permitted withinhazardous areas

Personal communication equipment, e.g pagers and cellular phones, shall not be used in ahazardous area unless they satisfy the requirements of AS 2380.1 and AS 2381.1

S E C T I O N 2 M I N O R S T O R A G E A N D U S A G E

2.1 APPLICATION Any storage of LP Gas in quantities not exceeding those listed inTable 2.1 shall be classified as being minor storage and is exempted from other Sections ofthis Standard unless otherwise specified The storage of quantities in excess of minor storageshall comply with the requirements of the Sections of this Standard as applicable

Where the maximum allowance is specified in terms of quantity per unit area, anyarrangement which results in concentration at one point should be avoided Such aggregationcontravenes the intent of minor storage, which is dispersal, and proper storage provisions asnominated in Section 6 could be necessary

NOTES:

1 The underlying concept of minor storage is that quantities below a certain level are so small,

or are so scattered and separated, that they present little real hazard, add little to a building’sfire load and are generally unlikely to play a significant part in spreading a fire from place toplace The firefighting facilities required under normal building regulations are expected to copeadequately

2 For certain industrial or commercial premises, workplace safety regulations or guidelines mayapply even to quantities defined as minor in this Standard

2.2 PRECAUTIONS The following precautions shall be observed for any minor storagewithin the scope of this Section:

(a) In Australia the use of LP Gas cylinders and the retention of reserve or exhaustedcylinders indoors shall be avoided where practicable Where it is impracticable toprovide an outdoors storage the use and storage of cylinders shall be subject to thelimits and conditions specified in Table 2.1

In New Zealand the use and storage of cylinders indoors shall be subject to the limitsand conditions of Table 2.1 The retention of reserve or exhausted cylinders indoorsshall be avoided where practicable

The total capacity allowed for any particular situation shall include cylinders in use,spare cylinders not in use and cylinders awaiting removal

(b) The storage shall not be in proximity to an ignition source

(c) Cylinder valves shall be kept closed when not in use

(d) Cylinders shall be stored in such a manner that the pressure-relief device is incommunication with the vapour space

(e) Cylinders shall be protected against falling, damage and excessive temperature rise.(f) No combustible residues or waste material shall be permitted to remain in or aroundareas in which LP Gas cylinders are stored

(g) The storage area shall be adequately ventilated

(h) Cylinders shall not be stored in locations which jeopardize escape from the building

in the event of fire

(i) Cylinders in a mixed cylinder storage shall be separated from any oxidizing gases by

at least 3 m This separation distance may be measured horizontally around a vapourbarrier complying with the requirements of Clause 6.4.5

(j) In Australia, cylinders shall comply withAS 2030.1and the coating identification markrequirements of Appendix C

In New Zealand, cylinders shall be approved by the authority

Persons who handle LP Gas should be made aware of the hazards involved.

NOTE: The requirements for cylinder storage in excess of minor storage are provided in Clause 6.6

2.3 RESTAURANTS Cylinders inside a restaurant shall be subject to the followingadditional requirements:

(a) Cylinders shall be located and secured so that they are not liable to damage ordislodgment under normal conditions of use Any trolley or stand used to house thecylinder shall be of metal construction and be of adequate stability

(b) When not in use (or awaiting immediate use) the cylinders shall be stored incompliance with Clause 6.6

(c) Cylinders and fittings shall be inspected for leaks prior to use and at the end of use

NOTE: Requirements for non-refillable cylinders are provided in Clause 2.5

2.4 LP GAS CYLINDERS ON TROLLEYS LP Gas and oxygen cylinders may be storedtogether on trolleys for the purpose of LP Gas/oxygen cutting, brazing, melting, heating orsimilar purposes subject to —

(a) the aggregate capacity of the cylinders on any trolley not exceeding 160 L; and(b) the aggregate capacity of LP Gas cylinders not exceeding 110 L

2.5 NON-REFILLABLE CONTAINERS The total capacity of non-refillable containerswhich can be stored indoors shall not exceed the following:

(a) One hundred litres capacity in buildings which are frequented by the public except thatfor restaurants the total is limited to 50 L

(b) Three hundred litres in warehouses or similar buildings at any one location Ifadditional storage locations are required on the same floor within the same buildingthen they shall be separated by at least 10 m

Quantities in excess of the above would be treated as normal cylinder storage in accordancewith Clause 6.6

2.6 CYLINDER USE The use of in situ fill cylinders and cylinders in decantingoperations shall comply with the relevant requirements of Sections 6, 7, 8 and 11

TABLE 2.1 MINOR STORAGE

Residential buildings of any type

Indoors, including on balconies 12 L per tenancy (25 L in New Zealand) Inside an outhouse or shed at least 1 m

from dwelling

25 L Combined indoor and outdoor storage 500 L

Education and exhibition buildings

Demonstration or display indoors Two 25 L cylinders per demonstration or display Combined indoor and outdoor storage 500 L

Trade training workshop

Combined indoor and outdoor storage 500 L

Commercial or non-industrial buildings

(e.g dental rooms, jewellers’ workshops, laboratories, shops and recreation centres) Indoors 12 L per tenancy (25 L in New Zealand) plus reserve gas up

to 12 L in capacity (25 L in New Zealand) (excluding supply

to a non-domestic mobile space heater)

plus 25 L cylinder in use and 25 L cylinder spare if the

application is of a short-term or temporary nature, e.g.

temporary cooking for one single function Non-refillable containers

100 L in buildings frequented by public Combined indoor and outdoor storage 500 L

Restaurants

Indoors, including on balconies 50 L with each cylinder or non-refillable container not

exceeding 12 L capacity (25 L in New Zealand)

Warehouse

of floor space If floor area is less than

200 m 2 the storage limit is reduced to 350 L (for storage

>500 L see Clause 6.6) Cylinders may be manifolded in groups not exceeding 500 L The banks shall be separated by

at least 15 m Non-refillable containers

300 L at any one location If additional storage locations are required on same floor in the same building they shall be separated by at least 10 m

Combined indoor and outdoor storage 500 L

Industrial buildings (excluding

laboratories)

of floor space If floor area is less than

200 m 2 the storage limit is reduced to 350 L (for storage

>500 L see Clause 6.6) Cylinders may be manifolded in banks not exceeding 500 L The banks shall be separated by

at least 15 m

Combined indoor and outdoor storage 500 L For laboratories, refer for to limits for

commercial or non-industrial buildings

Engine fuel indoors Limit as for industrial buildings irrespective of the type of

premises NOTES:

1 Vehicle fuel containers installed in accordance with AS 1425/ NZS 5422.1 are not included in the aggregate capacity.

2 Caution should be exercised where engines are used in poorly ventilated locations due to the potential for atmospheric pollutants and high noise levels.

S E C T I O N 3 C O M P O N E N T S F O R T A N K

S Y S T E M S

3.1 APPLICATION This Section specifies the design requirements for the components

of an LP Gas tank storage facility Other Sections prescribe methods of installation forvarious types of location

3.2 TANK DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

3.2.1 General design An LP Gas tank shall be of steel, and shall comply with a pressurevessel design code in accordance with AS/NZS 1200

In New Zealand, if site specific or application specific requirements do not apply LP Gasvessels and supports shall be as follows:

(a) Designed for LP Gas service with vapour pressure that of propane

(b) Have an above-ground service design temperature range of —

In Australia AS 1210 may be used with the following qualifications:

(i) The design pressure shall be not less than that shown in Table 3.1, except that a designpressure for a specific condition may be applied when that condition is known.Examples are as follows:

(A) The service design temperature has been determined in accordance with

AS 2872 and the maximum vapour pressure for the contents has beendetermined

(B) The tank is designed for the storage of an LP Gas for which the limits of

composition and vapour pressure are known Vapour pressure may be calculatedfrom the proportions of a mixed gas if known, otherwise it shall be based on theuse of propane

(C) Service design temperatures are reduced by the use of sunshades, auxiliary

cooling systems, burying or mounding, or the like When determining any suchmodified design temperature, allowance shall be made for the likely maximumtemperature of LP Gas as delivered to the tank, to ensure that the safety valvedoes not lift

NOTES:

1 These design pressures are valid for above-ground tanks only if the tanks arepainted white AS 1210 specifies penalties for any tank colour having a lesserheat-reflecting ability

2 The more sophisticated special-purpose design techniques mentioned above are of

no practical advantage for small tanks

(ii) An underground tank shall incorporate lifting provisions, designed so that damage tothe protective coating is prevented when the tank is handled

(iv) A skid tank shall not exceed 8 kL capacity It may be of Class 2A construction.Lifting facilities shall be incorporated, and all fittings shall be internal unless a guardwhich complies with AS 2809.3 is provided.

(v) A demountable delivery tank shall comply with the requirements of AS 2809.3 forcargo tanks

(vi) A freight container tank shall comply with AS/NZS 3711.6 and, if for service withinAustralia, the specific requirements herein for LP Gas tanks

(vii) Any structural provisions for supporting the tank shall be designed to support theloading when filled with water, unless special precautions such as tank markings andplant procedural instructions are taken to prevent testing or purging with water

(viii) Seismic loading shall be taken into account for any tank whose capacity exceeds

100 kL in a Zone A or a Zone 2 location as defined in AS 1170.4

TABLE 3.1 DESIGN PRESSURES

area ratio of tank*

(a) Capacity in cubic metres

(b) Any limitation on permissible contents (see Clause 3.2.1(i))

(c) The design colour (for an above-ground tank only)

3.3 CONTROL OF LP GAS OUTFLOW

3.3.1 Minimization of outflow Every opening through a tank shell to either liquid orvapour space shall be provided with a means of preventing or minimizing, or both, accidental

or uncontrolled outward flow of LP Gas The means shall be one of the following devices asappropriate to the purpose of the opening (see Table 3.2 for a summary of the appropriatecontrol functions for each opening):

(a) A safety valve

(b) A primary and a secondary shut-down system of valves

(c) A flow-limiting orifice not greater than 1.4 mm diameter

(d) A plug or blank flange

(e) In Australia only, a multiple-function valve (limited to openings into the vapour space

of above-ground tanks of 8 kL capacity or less), which incorporates all the followingfeatures:

(i) For vapour withdrawal, a manual shut-off valve with attached handwheel, or

equivalent, that is fitted directly to the opening, or is an integral part of orattached to a substantial fitting that is attached to the opening

(ii) The opening through the valve is restricted by an orifice not exceeding

8 mm diameter located between the vapour space and the outlet of the shut-offvalve

(iii) For vapour withdrawal, a regulator is attached directly to the valve, or is

connected to it by a flexible annealed copper tube not more than 1 m long and

is supported and protected on or at the tank Otherwise the vapour outlet isclosed with a metal plug

An opening through a tank shell implies that the opening is the size of the tank nozzle asmanufactured However, reduction by means of a bush or flange is permitted, provided that

no more than one such fitting is employed

3.3.2 Safety valve There shall be no valve or restriction of any type between a safetyvalve and the vapour space of a tank, except where reserve safety valves are provided underthe conditions specified in Clause 3.4.3

3.3.3 Openings for gauges Where a gauge can be operated or serviced without opening

a gas path through to the interior of the tank, the gauge may be treated as a blank flange or

a plug, requiring no other protection Otherwise the opening shall be protected by an orificenot greater than 1.4 mm diameter, or an excess-flow valve

3.3.4 Primary shut-down system The primary shut-down provision shall consist of anon-return valve, except that where outward flow is necessary an excess-flow valve may beused The design and installation of the valve shall be such that it will continue to function

as a shut-down device should impact or shear-off occur to any external portion or attachment.Where a multiple function valve which complies with Clause 3.3.1(e) is used, a primary shut-down system is not required

3.3.5 Secondary shut-down system Where the primary shut-down provision is anon-return valve, the secondary system shall comprise at least a manual positive shut-offvalve, or, if the tank is 8 kL or less and the entry is for filling into the vapour space, anothernon-return valve that is gastight

Where the primary shut-down provision is an excess-flow valve, the secondary system shallcomprise —

(a) for vapour connections at least a manual positive shut-off valve; or

(b) for liquid connections an emergency shut-down system, except that for an openinginto a tank that is not larger than 3/4 NPT and that is used only for decanting intocylinders, a manual positive shut-off valve may be provided

NOTE: Clauses 3.3.4 and 3.3.5 should be read as specifying functions and not necessarilyself-contained and independent valves The primary and the secondary functions may beincorporated in a single compound valve provided that all the functional requirements areincorporated

3.3.6 Tanks larger than 200 kL The primary and secondary shut-down provision may

consist of a manual shut-off valve and another valve that can be shut off by remote actuation

or by fire, or both, located away from the tank shell and outside the horizontal outline (planview) of the tank, provided that —

(a) the pipe connecting to the tank is integral with the tank and designed as part of it;(b) the internal diameter of the attached pipe is not less than 100 mm;

(c) the pipe is anchored and shear-protected at its outer end as for a remote connection;(d) the piping between the anchorage and the tank is protected from impact; and

(e) the LP Gas installation, or the LP Gas portion of a composite installation, iscontinuously manned by persons able to operate the shut-off valves during that periodwhen the tank is in service, i.e when the valves are open.

3.4 SAFETY VALVES

3.4.1 Provision of safety valves Safety valves shall be provided as required by the pressure

vessel design code, with the following qualifications:

(a) A safety valve shall communicate with the vapour space in the tank

(b) Safety valves shall be arranged so that the possibility of tampering is minimized Anyexternally located pressure-setting adjustment shall be provided with a means of sealing

or locking after setting

(c) Safety valves shall comply withAS 1271 or UL132 or other recognized Standard

NOTE: Care is necessary in determining the setting and capacity of safety valves for tankswith provisions for controlling the service temperature (see Clause 3.2.1(a)(iii)) if thetemperature of the LP Gas delivered is likely to be higher than the controlled designtemperature)

(d) In Australia only, the aggregate discharge capacity of the safety valve(s) shall be notless than that determined in accordance with Appendix D

NOTE: Appendix D has been derived from the general formula ofAS 1210,simplified to suitthe particular case of LP Gas

3.4.2 Discharge provisions A safety valve and any discharge piping shall comply with the

following requirements when installed:

(a) The size of any discharge piping shall be sufficient to ensure that the requireddischarge capacity of a safety valve is achieved The effect of back pressure shall betaken into account in the case of changes of direction or excessive length

(b) The direction of discharge shall be vertically upwards

(c) Except for measures necessary to prevent ingress of rainwater or blockage, ventingshall be direct to atmosphere

(d) The direction of discharge shall not permit escaping vapour to impinge on any tank,fitting, structure or piping

(e) It shall not be possible to render a safety valve inoperative except under the conditionspermitted in Clause 3.4.3

(f) The discharge for a tank of more than 8 kL capacity shall terminate not less than 2 mabove the tank

(g) Where a lockable dome or cage is provided, the arrangement shall continue to complywith the requirements relating to free dispersal or impingement of discharge

(h) The outlet shall be protected as far as practicable from physical damage

(i) A cap shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of rain, dew or foreign matterwithin the safety valve in such a manner as to render the valve defective Where adischarge pipe is fitted, the cap shall be fitted at the point of discharge The cap shallnot prevent the safety valve from operating effectively and shall not prevent theeffective discharge, in a safe manner, of any release of LP Gas Where a weep hole ordrain is provided in order to comply with this requirement, the overall design shall besuch that any ignited LP Gas discharge cannot impinge on the tank, adjacent tanks,piping, or equipment A deflector or a drainage discharge pipe may be provided, butany such piping shall not incorporate a valve

(j) A means shall be provided to protect the safety relief valve from impact or high windloading on the discharge piping which could damage the valve

3.4.3 Reserve safety valves Where additional safety valves are provided to permitservicing without depressurizing, the valve system used to isolate any individual safety valveshall be designed so that it is not at any time possible to operate the system with lessaggregate pressure-relief capacity than that required under Clause 3.4.1(c).

3.5 VALVES AND ACCESSORIES

3.5.1 Suitability Any valve, fitting, or component shall be suitable for the intendedpurpose, including service conditions In particular the following requirements shall apply:(a) The design pressure shall be not less than the maximum pressure of the application,e.g tank design pressure for items subject to tank pressure, or pump outlet pressurewhere appropriate

(b) The melting point of pressure-containing metal parts with the exception of thecomponents listed in Items A, B, C and D, shall be not less than 800°C In addition —(i) cast iron, other than ductile iron, shall not be used for such applications;(ii) ductile iron shall comply with ASTM A395 or equivalent;

(iii) a copper base alloy valve shall be of a material specified in AS 1271 or an

equivalent specification, and shall have minimum elongation of 12% in a gaugelength of 5.65√So, where So = original cross-sectional area of test section;(iv) a copper base alloy shall not be used for a secondary control provision for any

tank over 8 kL capacity, or where the tank is 8 kL or less capacity and thecontrol provision exceeds 50 mm nominal size; and

(v) the handle or handwheel of any valve larger than 25 mm nominal size and that

has no other means of shutting off shall be a ferrous material, irrespective of thematerial of the valve

The following are exempted from the requirement of Item (b):

(A) Fusible elements

(B) Contents gauges for tanks of 8 kL or less

(C) Non-metallic materials used for seals, gaskets, soft seats and diaphragms

(D) Aluminium or zinc when used for meters or regulators

3.5.2 Valve indicators and marking Valve indicators shall be marked in accordance withAppendix C

3.5.3 Filling connection on tank The filling connection may be incorporated directly onthe tank only under the conditions of Clause 4.7.2

25 AS/NZS 1596:1997

TABLE 3.2 CONTROL OF LP GAS OUTFLOW FROM A TANK

Function of opening Features of functions required of the control provisions Remarks

minimized

Excess vapour pressure relief Safety valve None Special conditions apply when reservesafety valves are fitted (see Clause

3.4.3)

Filling (liquid inflow only) Non-return, internal and damage protected

Positive shut-off, but a second return function permitted for tanks of

non-8 kL or less, filled into the vapour space

See Clause 3.3.6 for alternative

Vapour withdrawal Excess flow, internal and damage protected Positive shut-off of any type See Clauses 3.3.1(e) and 3.3.6 for

permitted alternative

Liquid withdrawal or two-way

liquid flow Excess flow, internal and damage protected

Positive shut-off, emergency shut-down system See Clauses 3.3.5(b) and 3.3.6 foralternative The use of a single

connection for both filling and withdrawal is deprecated Pump bypass (liquid return)

(a) Positive displacement pump

Gauging Varies according to the function and construction of the gauge (see Clause 3.3.3) —

Liquid removal, draining

(infrequent use) Excess flow, internal Positive shut-off, metal-plugged outlet.Second positive shut-off in line if

blowing down to atmosphere

The second positive shut-off valve need

be attached only for the period of blowing down

Vapour return and vapour

balancing lines Non-return, internal if vapour flow is alwaysinward, otherwise excess flow, internal Positive shut-off —

NOTES:

1 The various functions listed may be incorporated in compound fittings or valves.

2 ‘Internal’ means protected against impact or shear-off as described in Clause 3.3.4.

3 Some valves, including some ISC valves, by their design may not be positive shut-off valves and where used additional positive protection will be required.

4 Specific requirements for service stations are provided in Clauses 9.5.9 and 9.5.14(b).

3.5.4 Liquid level and contents A tank shall be fitted with the following:

(a) A separate fixed liquid level gauge arranged to indicate the standard filling level, whichshall be determined in accordance with Appendix B

(b) A means for monitoring the whole range of the liquid contents of the tank

NOTE: A tank may be fitted with the following:

(a) Additional fixed liquid level gauges located to indicate the standard filling level for different

LP Gas compositions

(b) A variable liquid level gauge to permit the use of the temperature-correction method of filling

to the maximum filling level

(c) A contents gauge to indicate the liquid contents or surface level as it varies with consumptionand replenishment

3.5.5 Pressure gauges Each tank shall be fitted with a pressure gauge complying with

AS 1349

3.5.6 Temperature gauge Where a temperature gauge is fitted, the sensing device shall

be installed in a pocket that is located in the lower section of the tank and welded to the tank

to prevent accidental removal of the pocket when the gauge is removed

3.5.7 Regulators Regulators shall comply with UL 144 or other equivalent Standard (seeClause 4.11.3)

3.5.8 Provision for emptying tank Every tank shall have a means for removing liquid LPGas from the tank should an emergency arise Where the piping system cannot perform thisfunction, an additional provision shall be made in the form of a drain or an eductor tube,fitted with an excess flow and shut-off valve The shut-off valve outlet shall be capped orplugged, when not in use, with a metal fitting, and Table 3.2 shall apply The outlet shall bedirected so as to avoid impingement on the tank and fittings, supports, or other tanks

3.5.9 Electrical equipment Electrical equipment and wiring shall comply with

AS 3000/New Zealand Electricity Regulations 1993

3.6 PIPING

3.6.1 Design for pressure Piping for use at a pressure exceeding 200 kPa shall complywith AS 4041, or other equivalent design Standard, with the following qualifications:(a) The design pressure shall be not less than that of the tank or the pump deliverypressure, whichever is the greater (see Clause 4.9.2)

(b) The design shall allow for expansion and contraction, both of the piping itself and ofany equipment to which it is connected

(c) Screwed pipe shall be at least Schedule 80, except that screwed Schedule 40 pipe may

be used to provide a shear-point at a remote filling connection or dispenser to complywith Clause 4.7.4 Welded pipe shall be at least Schedule 40 (see BS 1600)

(d) Copper pipe or tube shall not be used where the temperature is expected to exceed120°C, or for liquid lines exceeding 10 mm dia or 2 m long

(e) Piping which operates at a pressure less than 200 kPa shall comply with AGA/ALPGA

3.6.2 Joints A joint in rigid pipework subject to tank pressure shall be welded, screwedtaper-to-taper, flanged, or made with a ground-face union, provided that the following apply:(a) Where the nominal bore of the pipe exceeds 50 mm, screwed joints shall not be usedunless unavoidable, e.g for the mounting of essential auxiliary equipment havingscrewed connections.

(b) Pipe jointing compounds and gaskets shall be suitable for use with LP Gas

NOTES:

1 It is recommended that spiral wound metal gaskets with a minimum temperature rating

of 550°C be used for flanged connections on liquid phase piping

2 Compressed fibrous gaskets should not be used on liquid phase pipework

3 Multiple gaskets should not be used at any flanged joint

(c) Joints intended to be buried shall be welded

NOTE: Statutory regulations in some States permit only those welders who have certification

in accordance withAS 1796 to weld pressure piping

In New Zealand welders shall be qualified to ANSI/API 1104 or ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code, Part IX

3.6.3 Joints in copper pipe A joint in copper piping shall be made only with a flarecompression fitting, or with a capillary fitting using a brazing metal with a melting point notless than 540°C, or by a spigoted joint formed from the pipe itself and brazed as above Flarefittings having mismatching cone angles shall not be used Olive and similarcompression-sleeve type fittings shall not be used

3.6.4 Flexible pipe connections A flexible pipe connection may be used where necessary

to absorb vibration, or where a rigid connection is impracticable, and shall comply with thefollowing requirements:

(a) Individual or combined lengths shall be as short as practicable

(b) A flexible connection shall be of metal construction designed for a bursting pressurenot less than 12 MPa and tested to not less than 3.6 MPa, or shall be a hose complyingwith AS 1869 or with UL 21 or equivalent, but assembly-tested in accordance with

AS 1869

3.6.5 Transfer hose A hose and hose assembly shall comply withAS 1869or with UL 21,and shall be assembly-tested in accordance with AS 1869 as appropriate to the pressure towhich it is subjected

3.6.6 Transfer hose couplings Couplings that are intended to be connected anddisconnected frequently during normal operation shall be either an Acme thread form or aPOL coupling Any other hose connection shall be screwed or flanged The following sizes

of Acme thread are recommended:

(a) For liquid 31/4 or 13/4

(b) For vapour 21/4 or 11/4

3.6.7 Expansion flexibility Any provisions for thermal expansion shall comply with

AS 4041 Gland-type expansion joints shall not be used

3.7 VAPORIZERS

3.7.1 Design and construction Vaporizers shall comply with the following requirements:(a) A vaporizer shall comply with AS/NZS 1200 or equivalent design standard ifindirect-fired, or AS 1797or AS 1228as appropriate if direct-fired

In New Zealand an approved alternative Standard may be used

(b) The design pressure shall be not less than that of the tank to which it is connected, andshall be not less than 1.75 MPa if designed for propane, or 1.05 MPa if designed forbutane.

(c) A safety valve shall be located as close as possible to the vapour outlet, and shall have

a discharge capacity calculated in accordance with the design standard

(d) Pressure relief shall not be achieved by means of fusible plugs

(e) Every connection between the tank and the vaporizer shall be provided with a manualisolating valve located as close as practicable to the vaporizer, and, except for aline-heated pipe vaporizer, an excess-flow valve shall be installed so as to preventexcess back flow from the vaporizer to the tank

(f) Tubing which carries the heating medium in an indirect-fired vaporizer shall beprovided with a means for preventing LP Gas from entering the heating system if thetubing should fail

(g) It shall not be possible for LP Gas liquid phase to enter the vapour distribution system

(h) A fuel-fired vaporizer shall be provided with a flame failure shut-off system to shut offthe main flame if the pilot flame should fail, and to also shut off the pilot flame if itsenergy input rate exceeds 500 W

(i) Electric heating equipment shall be treated as direct fired equipment unless suitable foruse in a Zone 1 or Zone 2 hazardous area Electric heating equipment suitable for use

in a Zone 1 or Zone 2 hazardous area shall be treated as indirect-fired equipment.(j) A vaporizer shall incorporate provisions to shut off the heat source automatically when—(i) the design pressure or design temperature is exceeded;

(ii) the LP Gas liquid phase supply to the vaporizer fails; or(iii) the level of the heat transfer liquid in a calorifier type of vaporizer falls below

3.7.2 Marking Vaporizers shall be provided with marking in accordance withAppendix C

S E C T I O N 4 T A N K S Y S T E M I N S T A L L A T I O N

4.1 APPLICATION This Section applies to above-ground tank installations, and tounderground tank installations unless varied by a specific requirement of Section 5 orSection 9

4.2 TANK SPACING AND SEPARATION DISTANCES

4.2.1 General location and spacing Above-ground storage tanks shall be located inaccordance with the distances shown in Table 4.1, with the following qualifications:

(a) An above-ground tank shall not be installed in a building

(b) Where the site is used primarily for LP Gas storage and handling, or where the LP Gasfacility is within a petroleum terminal, the separation distance to buildings on the samesite as the LP Gas storage may be halved, provided that in no case shall a tank having

a total capacity exceeding 2.5 kL be located closer than 3 m to such a building

(c) A tank exceeding 0.5 kL capacity shall be not less than 1 m from a boundary

(d) Where a tank under 0.5 kL capacity is permitted with zero distance to public places orprotected places the space in the opposite direction shall be clear for a minimumdistance of 3 m No more than five such tanks shall be installed in a group with 1.5 m

to a public place and zero to a protected place (see Appendix E for an illustration ofthe application of separation distances)

4.2.2 Tanks in groups Tanks may be arranged in groups of up to six tanks separated inaccordance with Table 4.1, Column 2 The following requirements shall apply to tanks ingroups:

(a) The distance from one such group to another tank or group shall be not less than 15 mexcept that, where no tank in either group exceeds 2 m diameter, the distance may bereduced to 10 m

(b) Tanks shall not be stacked one above another

(c) The longitudinal axes of tanks in a group should be parallel and should be directedaway from any adjacent storages of hazardous, flammable or combustible liquids orgases Where another arrangement is unavoidable, whereby a tank may be in line withthe axis of another tank, the distance between the end of any tank and the end or shell

of another tank shall be not less than 3 m or twice the diameter of the larger tank,whichever is the greater

NOTES:

1 For interconnected tanks, see Clause 4.9.1

2 A tank that is less than 3 times the minimum separation distance from the tank (see Table 4.1)will be considered ‘adjacent’

4.2.3 Changed site conditions Where alterations on the installation site or adjoiningproperty result in a breach of the requirements for separation distances, the installation shall

be assessed and then shall be brought into compliance or decommissioned

4.2.4 Aerial wiring systems The installation shall comply withAS 3000/NZ ElectricityRegulations 1993 and AS 2381.1

The separation requirements to transmission lines and street mains shall be established byconsultation with the electricity supply authority

4.2.5 Distances to other gas storages The location of an LP Gas tank in relation to astorage of a gas other than LP Gas shall be as follows:

(a) Cryogenic liquids in tanks or vessels — refer toAS 1894

(b) Non-combustible compressed gases in cylinders — 6 m separation

(c) Flammable gases other than LP Gas in cylinders — as for LP Gas

(d) Gases other than LP Gas or cryogenic liquids, in tanks — 6 m separation

(e) Liquefied natural gas storage — treat as flammable liquid

TABLE 4.1 LOCATION OF ABOVE-GROUND STORAGE TANKS

Capacity of the tank

Minimum distance from the tank to a protected place

Under 0.5

Diameter of the larger tank

7 8 9

11 14 15

1 Distances for intermediate tank sizes may be interpolated.

2 Column 4 values above 500 kL are calculated from the formula (100 (log10 V − 2.24)), rounded down to the nearest 10 (V is tank capacity in m3

) Column 3 values are half those of Column 4.

3 Distances in brackets are alternatives which are permissible only for a single tank used only for vapour withdrawal A tank which has no other tank within 8 m of it may be treated as a single tank.

4 The separation distance in Column 4 may be measured across a boundary to the nearest protected place (if any) on an adjacent site The tank location should be determined bearing in mind that Clause 4.2.3 imposes a condition, which is a potential penalty should the adjoining property be further developed.

5 The separation distance is determined individually for each tank, and is assessed on the basis of its own particular capacity, and not on any aggregation with the capacity of any accompanying tank (see Appendix E).

4.2.6 On-site storages and flammable and combustible materials LP gas tanks shall

be separated from stores of flammable or combustible materials as follows:

(a) At least 6 m from any above-ground tank, package store or filling area for flammable

(a) The top of the vapour barrier or firewall shall not be lower than 0.5 m above the level

of any potential or actual LP Gas release point in normal operation Safety valve(s),bleed valves and drain valves are not considered as release points

(b) The clearance between the vapour barrier or firewall and the tank shall comply withClause 4.3.2

(c) Where the separation distance under consideration involves a protected place, then thevapour barrier shall also be a firewall (See Clause 4.4.2.)

4.3 TANK SITE CONDITIONS

4.3.1 Ground conditions A tank shall not be installed in or above a significant grounddepression where a spill or leak could lead to the accumulation of LP Gas in a depression.This shall not be taken to prohibit the bunding of tanks when so instructed by the authority.Any such bund shall permit spillage to flow away from the immediate vicinity of the tank

4.3.2 Ventilation and access The installation site for above-ground storage shall complywith the following requirements for ventilation and access:

(a) Above-ground storage tanks shall be in the open air outside buildings

(b) Nearby construction, fences, walls, vapour barriers, or the like shall permit free accessaround and cross-ventilation for the tank

(c) The clearance distances illustrated in Figure 4.1 may be used as a guide, except thatwhere the adjacent structure has a visual screening function only, is open to permit airpassage through not less than 30% of its area, and is completely open on at least oneside except for any necessary security fencing, the minimum clearance in any directionshall be equal to the diameter of the tank

4.4 CONSTRUCTION OF FIREWALLS, VAPOUR BARRIERS AND THERMAL SCREENS

4.4.1 Vapour barriers A vapour barrier shall comply with the following requirements:(a) The vapour barrier shall be impervious to LP Gas vapour over the whole of the areaaround which a separation distance is to be measured

(b) The vapour barrier shall be made of material that is not combustible and theconstruction shall be sufficiently durable for the particular site conditions

4.4.2 Firewalls A firewall shall comply with the requirements for vapour barriers, and inaddition shall have a fire resistance level of 240/240/240 in accordance with AS 1530.4.

4.4.3 Thermal screens A thermal screen shall comply with the following requirements:(a) The thermal screen shall be constructed of non-combustible materials and be firmlysupported so as to be capable of withstanding short duration LP Gas flash fires

NOTE: Flash fires rarely exceed 20 s duration

(b) The thermal screen shall be of sufficient dimensions to ensure that any connections andassociated pipework to the vessel or any other operable fittings are not in line of sightfrom the protected area For vertical tanks the thermal screen need not be higher than0.5 m above the highest point of potential or actual release of LP Gas in normaloperation

The safety valves, bleed valves and drain valves are not considered as release points.(c) The thermal screen shall be at least 1.8 m high

(d) The thermal screen shall comply with the ventilation and access requirements ofClause 4.3.2

NOTE: Blank masonry walls of buildings and zinc-coated or prepainted profiled steel sheetingwith a minimum thickness of 0.42 mm and firmly supported on metal framework with

50 mm × 50 mm × 5.0 mm RHS uprights and rails or equivalent, and fixed in accordance withthe manufacturer’s recommendations, are deemed to provide suitable protection

4.4.4 Use of existing construction Existing building walls or fences may be used asvapour barriers, firewalls or thermal screens provided that they comply with the appropriaterequirements

4.5 TANK FOUNDATIONS AND SUPPORTS

4.5.1 Foundations and supports The supporting structure and the foundations shall bedesigned in accordance with the vessel design standard and the following requirements:(a) The design load shall be the total mass when the tank is full of water

(b) Where a tank is located in an area which is likely to be subject to flooding the tankshall be anchored to prevent floating

(c) Clause 3.2.1(c) and (viii) shall apply to foundations and supports

4.5.2 Fire resistance of supports Tank supports shall have a fire resistance level of120/120/120 except where —

(a) the tank is a horizontal tank and is 8 kL or less capacity, and is prevented fromsubsiding more than 600 mm should the supports be weakened by fire; or

(b) the tank is a horizontal tank and is more than 8 kL capacity, and is prevented fromsubsiding more than 300 mm should the supports be weakened by fire

Piping shall be capable of withstanding any such movement without rupture

Where the support for a vertical tank comprises a continuous steel skirt having only oneopening of 450 mm or less diameter, fire protection may be applied to the outside only of theskirt

4.5.3 Expansion provision The supports for an above-ground tank shall allow forexpansion.

NOTE: Orientation of the tank is not related to the issue of ventilation.

FIGURE 4.1 TYPICAL TANK VENTILATION AND ACCESS PROVISIONS

4.6 TANK INSTALLATION AND DESIGN

NOTE: The designer and the installer of an LP Gas installation should ensure that potential flameimpingement on LP Gas piping, components, or tanks is minimized Every arrangement should bereviewed after completion of design and before construction to identify and remove potentialimpingements in a practicable manner

Particular care shall be taken to avoid potential impingement on the vapour space of the tank.Aspects of design requiring consideration include the following:

(a) The location of pumps in relation to the tank

(b) The orientation of piping at any shear point and filling connection so that dischargetakes a safe direction

(c) The location of joints, fittings and flanges

4.7 CONNECTIONS FOR TANK FILLING AND TANKER LOADING

4.7.1 Filling connection A filling connection shall be either a direct connection on thetank or a remote connection A connection for tanker loading shall be a remote connection

NOTES:

1 Figure 4.2 provides clarification of the terminology used

2 The requirements of the Clause do not apply to the emptying of tanks for maintenancepurposes

4.7.2 Direct connection A direct connection shall be arranged to fill into the vapour space

of the tank

A direct connection shall not be fitted to an above-ground tank of greater than 16 kLcapacity

The separation distances given in Clauses 4.7.7(d) and (e) shall apply

NOTE: Filling into the vapour space is preferred and recommended for all tanks to reduce thepossibility of LP Gas liquid escaping, and to reduce the possibility of an increase of vapourpressure during filling, which can cause the safety valve to lift

A direct connection may be provided where the tank is —

(a) an above-ground tank of 16 kL or less capacity, and the filling hose and coupling are

of a type which prevents the escape of more than 0.1 L of liquid during disconnection;or

(b) an underground tank, and the filling hose and coupling are of a type which prevents theescape of more than 0.1 L of liquid during disconnection

Where an extension is fitted to such a direct connection for convenience in operation thefollowing shall apply:

(i) All the requirements for a remote connection shall apply except Clause 4.7.7(a).(ii) The design and arrangement shall be such that any possibility of flame impingement

on the tank in the event of a fire at the connection is minimized

(iii) The multiple function valve described in Clause 3.3.1(e) shall not be used on the tank

4.7.3 Remote connection Remote connections with provisions for liquid, vapour, orvapour return service for either filling or withdrawal, shall comply with the followingrequirements:

(a) The appropriate valve system as specified in Clause 3.3 shall be provided at the tank

(b) An anchorage shall be provided for the remote connection, of sufficient strength toensure that the piping and valves between the anchorage and the tank will not bedamaged before the shear point provision fails or releases.

(c) A shear point, or the equivalent, designed in conjunction with the support to ensure that

if the tanker is driven away without disconnecting, break-away can be relied on tooccur at that shear point before valves or piping are damaged The shear pointprovision shall be provided between the point of connection and the anchorage, as close

as possible to the anchorage

NOTE: As additional protection, AS 2809.3 requires a means for ensuring that the tankercannot be moved until the hose has been disconnected

(d) A manual shut-off valve shall be installed as close as practicable to the point ofconnection, i.e the end of the fixed rigid piping, or the end of any hose that ispermanently connected to it

(e) A non-return and a manual shut-off function shall be provided, between the tank andthe anchorage, and as close as possible to the anchorage, except that where a non-returnfunction is not possible because of outward flow, excess flow protection shall be used

in conjunction with an emergency shut-down system

4.7.4 Tanker loading A connection for the loading of a tanker from a tank shall be aremote connection

Where the remote connection has the facility to use flexible hose to connect the remoteconnection to the tanker at a point removed from the remote connection, the separationrequirements for the remote connection shall also apply to the point of connection of theflexible hose and the tanker

4.7.5 Access for contents gauging The fixed liquid level gauge and other filling- controland contents-monitoring provisions shall be readily accessible either by being operable fromground level or by the provision of permanently installed access ladders, walkways, orplatforms complying with AS 1657/NZS/AS 1657

4.7.6 Hose venting If a dry hose method is used, the hose vent shall discharge via anelevated pipeaway at a position above the height of the tank and in a safe location

4.7.7 Separation distances A remote connection shall be located in accordance with thefollowing separation distances:

(a) To ground tanks — a remote connection shall be not closer to the nearest

above-ground tank than —(i) for a tank of up to and including 25 m3capacity 3 m;(ii) for a tank over 25 kL but not over 125 m3 capacity 6 m; or(iii) for a tank over 125 kL capacity 9 m.When determining the distance between a remote connection and a group of tanks,whether served by that connection or not, the distance is measured to the nearest tankand is calculated on the basis of the aggregate capacity of the group

For the purposes of this Clause (4.7.7), a group is considered to exist where any twotanks have less than 8 m of space between them

(b) To underground tanks — sufficient clearances for convenient access and operation.

(c) To a public place or protected place — 12 m, except that where the loss of liquid on

disconnecting the coupling is less than 1 L, the distances may be 3 m to a public place

or 6 m to a protected place

(d) To an ignition source — in accordance with the relevant Parts ofAS 2430/NZS 6101.(e) To an entrance to an enclosed portion of any underground drain, conduit or utilities pit — 12 m, but this distance may be reduced to 3 m where the liquid loss on

disconnection is less than 1 L

The arrangement of the installation shall permit compliance with Clause 10.9.7

4.8 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM

4.8.1 General design Where an emergency shut-down system is required (see Clause 3.3and Table 3.2) it shall incorporate a shut-off valve that can be shut off by manual action, andwill shut off automatically in the event of fire, and shall comply with Clauses 4.8.2 to 4.8.4inclusive

NOTE: Sensors may also be used to react to other fault conditions, e.g leakage

4.8.2 Fire actuation The location of the fire-sensing elements shall be such as to senseand respond to a fire at the filling or loading connection and at each emergency shut-offvalve

4.8.3 Manual actuation The system shall incorporate at least one provision for initiatingvalve closure from an actuation point that is not at the valve A system for any tank thatexceeds 6 kL capacity shall be provided with not less than two such actuation points.Actuation points shall be located as follows:

(a) One actuation point shall be readily accessible from and within 10 m of any filling orloading connection, and any vehicle fuel dispenser Where required any other actuationpoint shall be located remote from a filling or loading connection

(b) The location of at least one actuation point shall be in a direction of ready egress fromthe installation

(c) Where an emergency actuation point for some other purpose exists on site, the LP Gasremote shut-down system may be operated from the same actuation point, provided thatthe requirements of this Clause are complied with

(d) The system shall require manual action to re-set the valves to resume operation.(e) Access to actuation points shall be marked in accordance with Appendix C and bereadily accessible

NOTE: Provision should be made to prevent condensation forming and entering emergency off valve actuators

shut-4.8.4 Tanker transfer protection Where an emergency shutdown system is required for

a liquid transfer system in order to comply with Clause 4.7.3(e), the transfer system shallincorporate a provision to ensure that the system will shut off flow at the tanker side and thestatic side of the filling connection at the same time Where interface provisions are requiredthese shall be air operated and shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) Operating air pressure shall be between 500 kPa and 700 kPa

(b) Where a two hose air system is used the female component of the connector shall be

at the terminal side of the transfer hose and shall be a self-sealing type 1 connector inaccordance with AS D8, Part II A separate male connector that is not compatible withthe terminal female connector shall be provided to receive return air from the tanker.(c) Where a single hose air system is used, a male connector shall be provided at theterminal end and all female connectors shall be non-self-sealing types

(d) The melting point of fusible links or of air hoses that constitute fusible links shall notexceed 180°C

Where appropriate, the tanker actuation points may be taken into account for the purposes

of complying with Clause 4.8.3

NOTES:

1 Any installation which depends on terminal air and which could be unattended should bedesigned to minimize the possibility of unauthorized opening of liquid outlets by a singlesimple action

2 To optimize compatibility between systems, the same male connector should be used at theterminal end irrespective of whether the operating air is supplied from the tanker or theterminal

1 S (separation distance, in metres) is dependent on tank size.

2 The Figure indicates filling/loading point locations assuming tanker transported hoses For applications using on-site hoses the connection would be at the tanker.

3 Loading arms may be used in place of hoses.

FIGURE 4.2 FILLING AND LOADING CONNECTIONS