California science vocabulary card(1 6) (4)

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Grade 4

Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10121.

any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill

Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

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Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill

Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

ISBN 13: 978-0-02-286134-6 ISBN 10: 0-02-286134-3

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understanding of Science Glossary terms by:

• providing an opportunity for vocabulary preview, review, and reinforcement

• fostering language development skills

• supporting the acquisition of academic language for English learners

Vocabulary Cards can be placed in your classroom Science Center

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Superstock

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Deﬁ ne: A nonliving part of the ecosystem.

factors in the desert ecosystem.

an environment aff ect the animals that live there?

Deﬁ n e:

The peeling or scraping aw

ay of an out

er

layer

Ex ample:

Wind

abrasion

is a form of physical

weathering that wears do

?

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v v

ol cāºnō)

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Deﬁ ne: An individual organism’s response to a

change in the ecosystem

the type of food an organism eats

accommodation to survive when their food

source suddenly disappears?

Deﬁ n e:

A volcano tha

t still erupts fr

om time to time

Ex ample:

Mt Saint Helens is an activ

e volcano

Ask:

How could a volcano tha

t is not erupting

right now still be consider

ed an activ

e

volcano

?

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Deﬁ ne: A special trait that helps an organism

sur-vive in its environment

an adaptation that helps it get food?

Deﬁ n e:

A plant-like producer in a w

ater

environment

Ex ample:

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Deﬁ ne: Electrical current that ﬂ ows through a

circuit, ﬁ rst in one direction, then in the opposite direction

produce an alternating current, or AC.

a source you often use?

Deﬁ n e:

A type of protis

t that acts like an animal in

some ways

Ex ample:

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aw Hill

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Deﬁ ne: A hard, natural type of coal.

soft coal

helps to make it a harder coal?

Deﬁ n e:

T o pull or dra

w towards

Ex ample:

An object with positive electrical char

Ask:

Why w

ould a balloon attr act y

our hair after

being rubbed with wool?

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Grade 4

bacteria

(bak tîr

ºē ә)

o Resear chers

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Deﬁ ne: A real or imaginary line through the center

of a rotating object

Earth are located at the ends of the planet’s

axis.

ends of a giant bar magnet?

Deﬁ n e:

Microorganisms that ha

ve cell membranes

but no nuclei

Ex ample:

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ORBIS

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Deﬁ ne: A long, narrow strip of land formed along

the ocean shore by deposition

barrier islands.

being destroyed in a huge storm?

Deﬁ n e:

A measure of the amount of living things in

an environment

Ex ample:

Plants make up mos

t of the biomas

s in

many environments

Ask:

How is the

biomass

in an environment the

main sourc

e of energy and matter?

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Getty Images, Inc.

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Deﬁ ne: A living part of the ecosystem.

Deﬁ n e:

An adaptation that allo

Camouﬂ age

allow

s some animals to hide

from predators

surroundings

?

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Deﬁ ne: The part of a forest just below the

upper-most branches of the tallest trees

because of the sunlight and food found there

them live in the forest canopy?

Vocabulary R outine

Deﬁ n e:

A deep, narr

ow valley with s

teep sides

Ex ample:

Cany ons ar

e the results of riv

er erosion

Ask:

Why ar

e can yons

often curved?

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eter Arnold, Inc.

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Deﬁ ne: An animal that eats other animals.

when the carnivore that preys upon it

becomes extinct?

Deﬁ n e:

The smalles

t unit of life

Ex ample:

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әl we

thºәr ing)

ORBIS;

(Rock): © W ally Eberhart/Visuals Unlimit

ed

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Deﬁ ne: An area with dense thickets of small shrubs

The proces

s in which rocks break down due

to chemical changes t

o the minerals

Ex ample:

When oxygen reacts with iron and f

orms

rust,

chemical wea thering oc

curs

Ask:

How ar

e limestone caves f

ormed by

chemical wea thering?

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ORBIS

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Deﬁ ne: A material in plants that helps them take in

sunlight

Deﬁ n e:

A volcano shaped lik

e a cone

Ex ample:

The magma in a

cinder-cone v olcano is

usually quite thick

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Load Power

w Hill

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Deﬁ ne: The path along which electric current ﬂ ows.

connectors, and a switch

circuit?

Deﬁ n e:

Something that switches off a cir

cuit when

the current gets t

oo high

Ex ample:

A cir cuit break

er can help pr

event electric

shock or ﬁ re hazards

Ask:

How do y

ou turn a cir cuit break

er back on

after it switches off

when the current gets

too hot?

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Deﬁ ne: The way a mineral splits or breaks along ﬂ at

surfaces

Deﬁ n e:

The typical weather patt

erns of a region

Ex ample:

Most pond animals need a rainy

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Deﬁ ne: A complete, unbroken electrical circuit.

ﬂ ow

closed circuit?

Deﬁ n e:

An instrument tha

t tells direction using

Earth’s magnetic forc

es

Ex ample:

A co mpas

s needle is a thin magnet tha

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Deﬁ ne: The struggle among living things for the

same resources

in a woodland food chain

amount of competition?

Deﬁ n e:

A volcano made up of layers of la

va and ash

Ex ample:

A co mposite v

olcano usually f

orms during

periods of alternating quiet and explosiv

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enes

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Deﬁ ne: A material through which heat or electricity

Conglomer ate

is usually coarse and chunky

Ask:

What binds small rocks together in a

conglomer ate

?

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(känºtùr plo

uºing)

ORBIS

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Deﬁ ne: An organism that eats other organisms.

sun or a horse eating grass?

Deﬁ n e:

A farming method tha

t cuts into the soil

acros

s a hillside rather than up and down

the hillside

Ex ample:

Cont our plowing

helps farmers reduce

erosion

Ask:

What type of erosion does

cont our plowing

resis

t the most?

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crus t

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Deﬁ ne: A cup-like shape in the earth.

the vent

ground when it hits Earth?

Deﬁ n e:

The outermost la

yer of Earth

Ex ample:

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Grade 4

delta

(delºtә)

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Deﬁ ne: The geometric shape a mineral forms

when its atoms and molecules are in ﬁ xed patterns

hexagons

shape?

Deﬁ n e:

An area of land caused b

y deposition at the

mouth, or end, of a river

Ex ample:

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Deﬁ ne: The dropping off of weathered rock at the

end of erosion

away from its original location

mostly likely be found at a deposition spot

on a river?

Deﬁ n e:

An ecosyst

em with fe

w plants and little

water

Ex ample:

Animals in the desert

ems so dry?

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w-Hill

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Deﬁ ne: The part of a loudspeaker that vibrates and

produces sound waves

made of either paper or plastic

of thin but sturdy material?

Deﬁ n e:

Electrical current tha

t ﬂ ow

s through a circuit

in just one direction

Ex ample:

Most batteries pr

oduce a

direct curr ent,

or DC

Ask:

How is

direct curr ent abbr

eviat

ed on signs

or electrical devices?

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Grade 4

dormant volcano

(därºmә

nt v

ol cāºnō)

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Deﬁ ne: A release of electrical energy from one

object to another

charged object to a lesser charged object

electricity?

Deﬁ n e:

A volcano tha

t is quiet and no longer erupts

Ex ample:

Hawaii’s oldes

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ORBIS

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Deﬁ ne: A long period with little or no rain

ecosystem

extended drought?

Deﬁ n e:

Something that generat

es a grea

t amount of

energy

Ex ample:

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Deﬁ ne: A sudden shaking or trembling in Earth’s

crust

sudden shifts of Earth’s plates

Deﬁ n e:

All the living and nonliving things that

interact in an envir

onment

Ex ample:

The fores

t and the ocean ar

e diff erent

ecos ys

tem

?

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әl en

ªjә nir)

oedit

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Deﬁ ne: A property of matter that tells whether

something has a positive or negative charge

will repel an object with the same property

negative electrical charge?

Deﬁ n e:

A person who plans and constructs

electrical systems

Ex ample:

An electrical engineer

might ﬁ gur

e out how

to power all the lights and air c

o be an electrical

engineer?

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/Photo R esearchers

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Deﬁ ne: A ﬂ ow of electrical charges.

a river

Deﬁ n e:

A magnet formed when electric current

ﬂ ow

s through wir

e coiled around an iron

rod

Ex ample:

When the current stops in an

o pick up

huge mounds of scrap metal?

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Grade 4

element

(elºә mәnt)

Photograph by © Colin Keates/Natural History Museum, London/DK Images;

(Rings): © Douglas Whyte/CORBIS

Grade 4

emergent

(i mәrºjәnt)

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Deﬁ ne: A basic building block of all matter.

platinum?

Deﬁ n e:

A tree tha

t rises abov

e the forest ar

ound it

Ex ample:

The tops of the tallest tr

ees form the

emergent

lay

er of the rain fores

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Deﬁ ne: Close to extinction.

becomes an endangered species.

to become an endangered species?

Deﬁ n e:

em

Ex ample:

Humans are usually a

t the top of the

energy

pyra mid

; insects are near the bottom

Ask:

Which lev

el of the ener

gy pyr amid gets its

energy directly from the Sun

?

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Deﬁ ne: All the living and nonliving things that

sur-round an organism

can get sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and other nutrients

amount of living things in an environment?

Deﬁ n e:

The transportation of weather

Erosion

can be caused by rainfall, w

ves cause beach

erosion

?

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Grade 4

euglena

(yü glēºnә

)

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Deﬁ ne: A violent outburst or outpouring.

rock, gases, and rock out of the vent

of Earth?

Deﬁ n e:

Euglena is also clas

siﬁ ed as a kind of algae

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odisc/Getty Images, Inc.

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Deﬁ ne: A kind of physical weathering in which

layers of rock peel off

of exfoliation on the exposed surfaces.

peeling an onion?

Deﬁ n e:

All dead; no more left aliv

e on Earth

Ex ample:

Animals that cannot adapt t

o changes in

their ecosyst

em may bec

ome e xtinct.

Ask:

Why do changes t

o an ecosyst

em cause

some animals to bec

ome e xtinct?

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Grade 4

fault

(folt)

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Deﬁ ne: A kind of igneous rock formed when magma

cools and hardens above Earth’s surface

of hours

extrusive rock when it reaches Earth’s

surface?

Deﬁ n e:

A break or crack in Earth’s crus

t where tw

o

plates come together

Ex ample:

t is common

at a fault

?

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Grade 4

ﬂ ood

(f lәd)

ﬁ lament

(f iºlә mәnt)

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Deﬁ ne: A thin wire.

up and glows as it resists electric current

when its ﬁ lament breaks?

Deﬁ n e:

The ﬂ ow

of water over the banks of a body

of water and across land

Ex ample:

Large amounts of rainfall can cause

ﬂ o ods

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P4_CAUAC01_L3_28437.indd 52-53 8/11/06

Photograph by (Bacterium): © Eye Of Science/Photo Researchers; (Gopher): © Joe Mcdonald/CORBIS; (Mountain Lion): © Robert W Ginn/Photoedit;

(Mustard): © Ian Rose/Frank Lane Picture Agency/CORBIS; (Sun): © Royalty-Free/CORBIS; (Weasel): © Steve Kaufman/Peter Arnold Inc.

Grade 4

food w

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Deﬁ ne: The path that energy takes from one

organism to another in the form of food

the Sun to a plant to an insect to a bird

food chain?

Deﬁ n e:

The food chains that link t

ogether in an

environment

Ex ample:

chain?

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Deﬁ ne: Someone who takes care of a forest or

wilderness area

campers, and hunters

which trees to cut down in a wilderness area?

Deﬁ n e:

The ground lev

el of a forest ec

osystem

Ex ample:

Not many plants gr

?

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º gәs) n.

sing

,

fungi

(funºjī) pl

Superstock

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Deﬁ ne: The remains of a living thing from many

years ago

that was once the bottom of an ocean?

Deﬁ n e:

A plant-like organism that br

eaks down

dead or dying plants

Ex ample:

Fungi ar

e one kind of decomposers in a

woodland environment

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Deﬁ ne: A device that melts if too much electric

cur-rent is ﬂ owing through a circuit

restore power to the circuit

Deﬁ n e:

A mineral valued for its beauty

Ex ample:

Diamonds, rubies, and emeralds ar

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S

N S

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Deﬁ ne: A device that creates alternating current

when an electric coil spins between the poles of a magnet

electrical energy

upon most?

Deﬁ n e:

A scientist who studies rocks t

o learn about

Earth’s history

Ex ample:

t?

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o Resear chers

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Deﬁ ne: A large mass of moving ice.

valleys over time

Deﬁ n e:

A type of metamorphic rock

Ex ample:

Gneiss

is formed when granite is hea

ted

under great pressur

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Deﬁ ne: The pulling force between two objects.

prevents you from ﬂ oating into space

landslides?

Deﬁ n e:

A property of minerals that t

ells how well it

resis

ts scratching

Ex ample:

Diamond has the highest degr

ee of

hardnes s.

Ask:

How would you t

est the

hardnes

s of talc

?

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Deﬁ ne: An animal that eats mainly plants.

consumer in a food chain?

Deﬁ n e:

A lay

er of soil that is distinct fr

om the layers

abov

e and below it

Ex ample:

others around it?

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hot spot

Hawaii Maui Molokai Oahu Kauai

ORBIS

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