California science vocabulary card(1 6) (5)

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Grade 5

Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

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SC08_VocCard_1-50.indd 2 1/31/06 12:20:57 AM

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A process in which something

is taken in and used, as by

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(aśid)

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Vinegar, oranges, and lemons each

contain an acid.

A substance that tastes sour,

sharp, or biting

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(ә sid’ i tee)

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The strength of

a acidic solution

Weak acids have low acidity.

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aerobic

(er’ō’bik)

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Having to do with the

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aerial root

(âr’ē әl rüt)

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A root that never touches

the ground

Aerial roots take in moisture

from the air.

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air mass

(âr mas)

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A large region of air that has a similar temperature

and humidity

Air masses can be cold, warm,

dry, or moist.

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air pressure

(âr presh’әr)

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The force put on a given area by the weight of the

air above it

Air pressure, also called atmospheric pressure, pushes in

all directions at once.

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algae

(al’jē)

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A plant-like protist that lives in

a water environment

Algae produce their food

using chlorophyll.

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alkali metal

(al’kә lī met’әl)

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An element in the most reactive family of metals

Lithium, sodium, and potassium

are all alkali metals.

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alkalinity

(al’kә līn ī tē)

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The strength of

a base solution

A base with a higher pH has

a greater alkalinity than a base

with a lower pH.

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alloy

(al’oi)

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A mixture of two or more elements, usually metals

Bronze is a durable alloy made

from copper and tin.

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altitude

(al’tә tüd’)

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How high something

is above Earth’s surface

As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.

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alveoli

(al vē’ә lī)

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Thin-walled air sacs within the lungs

The bronchi eventually empty air

into the alveoli during respiration.

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amoeba

(әmē’bә)

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A common animal-like protist that changes shape to catch food

Amoeba move by shifting cytoplasm in their cells.

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amphibian

(am fib’ē әn)

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A vertebrate animal that spends part of its life in water and part on land

Frogs and salamanders

are amphibians.

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anaerobic

(an’rō’bik)

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Requiring energy without an

increase in oxygen.

Anaerobic exercise, such as lifting

weights, helps to build muscles.

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angiosperm

(an’jē ә spûrm’)

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A seed plant that produces ﬂ owers

Fruits, vegetables, grains, and almost all nuts come

from angiosperms.

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anus

(ā’nәs)

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The opening through which

solid waste leaves the body

The strong muscles of the anus are

located just below the rectum.

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(āôr’tә)

aorta

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The large artery that carries

blood away from the heart

and to the rest of the body.

The left ventricle pumps

oxygen-rich blood out through the aorta.

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aqueduct

(a’kwә dәkt’)

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A structure that carries large amounts of water from one place to another.

Aqueducts are built by people

as a way of moving water.

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aquifer

(a’kwә fәr)

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artery

(är’tә rē)

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A blood vessel that carries

blood away from the heart

Arteries circulate oxygen-rich blood.

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arthropod

(är’thrә päd’)

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An invertebrate animal with a hard outer skeleton,

a segmented body, and jointed legs.

Insects, spiders, and crabs are

examples of arthropods.

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artiﬁ cial

(är’tә fi’shәl)

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Made by man but working

like the natural thing

Doctors have created artiﬁ cial organs and limbs

to help their patients.

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asteroid

(as’ tә roid’)

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A large piece of rock

or metal in space

Many asteroids orbit the Sun

Asteroids and planets orbit the Sun.

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astronomer

(ә strä’nә mәr)

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A person who studies stars, planets, and other objects in outer space.

Many astronomers rely on telescopes to get their data.

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astronomical

unit

(as’trә nä’mi kәl ù’nit)

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The distance between Earth and the Sun.

One astronomical unit (AU) equals

about 150 million kilometers.

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atmosphere

(at’mәs fîr)

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All of the air surrounding Earth.

The atmosphere can be divided into several distinct layers.

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atom

(at’әm)

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The smallest particle of

an element that has the properties of that element.

The atoms in each element are unique and determine its properties.

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atomic number

(ә tä’mik num’bәr)

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The number of protons in a

single atom of an element

Every element has a different

atomic number.

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atomic weight

(ә tä’mik wāt)

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A measure of the mass of a

single atom of an element

Hydrogen has the lowest atomic weight.

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atrium

(ā’trē әm)

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An upper chamber

of the human heart

A valve connects the atrium

to the ventricle below it.

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aurora

borealis

(ә rôr’ә bôr’ē a’lәs)

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Colored lights seen in the upper atmosphere of the northern hemisphere.

Solar ﬂ ares can cause the aurora

borealis, or northern lights.

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bacteria

(bak tîr’ē ә)

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Unicellular organisms that have cell membranes

but no distinct nuclei

Ancient bacteria are the oldest

living organisms on Earth.

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bark

(bärk)

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The tough outer covering

of a tree trunk

The characteristics of a tree’s bark can be used to identify the type of tree.

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(bās)

base

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a compound that reacts with

an acid to form a salt.

Soap is a base

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barometer

(bә rom’i tәr)

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An instrument that measures air pressure.

There are two kinds of barometers:

mercury and aneroid.

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bile

(bīl)

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A digestive juice that breaks down fats in the

small intestine.

Bile is produced by the liver.

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bird

(bûrd)

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Turkeys, hawks, and ducks are birds.

A vertebrate animal that has

both feathers and wings.

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bladder

(bla’dәr)

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An organ of the excretory system that temporarily stores urine.

The human bladder can increase in size to hold one and a half pints.

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boiling point

(boil’ing point)

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The particular temperature at which a substance changes

state from liquid to gas

The boiling point of water

is 100°C, or 212°F.

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bolus

(bō’lәs)

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A ball of chewed food

Food taken into the mouth

is turned into a bolus before

being swallowed.

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bronchi

(bräng’kī)

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Small branchlike tubes

in the lungs.

The bronchi lead back

to the trachea.

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cambium

(camobē әm)

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A layer of cells in plants that separates the xylem

and the phloem.

The cambium produces new xylem and phloem cells.

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cancer

(kan’sәr)

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A disease in which harmful cells multiply without stopping

Different types of cancer attack

different parts of the body, such

as bones or speciﬁ c organs.

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canines

(kā’nīnz)

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Canines are useful for cutting

and tearing into food.

The long, pointy teeth next to the front teeth

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capillary

(ka’pә ler’ē)

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A tiny blood vessel that connects arteries and veins

The many capillaries in the lungs help blood absorb oxygen from the air.

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carbohydrate

(kär’bō hī’drāt)

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A group of chemical compounds made from carbon, oxygen,

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cardiovascular

system

(kär’dē ō vas’kyә lәr sis’tәm)

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Another name for the circulatory system, which

transports materials

The heart, blood vessels, and blood are all parts of the

cardiovascular system.

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cecum

(sē’kәm)

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The ﬁ rst, shortest part

of the large intestine

The cecum connects the large intestine to the small intestine.

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cell

(sel)

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The smallest unit of living matter that can carry out the basic processes of life

Your body is made up

of trillions of cells.

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cell membrane

(sel mem’brān)

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The layer around the outside of a cell.

The cell membrane gives the cell its shape and controls

what goes in and out.

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cellular

respiration

(sel’yә lәr res’pә rā’shәn)

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The life process in which energy is released from food

(sugar) inside a cell.

During cellular respiration, animals

take in oxygen and release water

and carbon dioxide.

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cell wall

(sel wol)

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An additional layer around

the outside of plant cells.

Cell walls provide extra support

and help plants stand tall.

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chemical

(kem’i kәl)

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A substance obtained by or

used in a chemical process.

Cleaning products are made

from chemicals.

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chemical

change

(kem’i kәl chānj)

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A change that causes a new

kind of matter to form with

different properties.

When food burns, the chemical

change makes it look, feel, and

taste different.

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chemical

formula

(kem’i kәl fôr’myә lә)

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A way to write a compound’s

name using symbols.

The chemical formula shows what

elements are in the compound,

and the subscripts tell the number

of particles in the compound.

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chemical

reaction

(kem’i kәl rē’ak’shәn)

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A change or reaction that creates a new kind of matter

(product) with different properties from the original

matter (reactant).

Carbon dioxide is produced in the

chemical reaction caused by ﬁ re.

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chlorophyll

(klôr’ә fil)

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A green chemical that plants

use for photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll allows plants

to turn sunlight into food.

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chloroplast

(klôr’ә plast)

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Green structures inside plant cells that turn sunlight into food

Chloroplasts contain the chemical chlorophyll.

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Chordata

(kôr’dā tә)

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A phylum of animals that have

a supporting rod that runs most of the length of the body for at least part of their lives.

Dogs, cats, and humans are all in

the phylum chordata.

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class

(klas)

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A smaller group within a phylum of similar organisms.

Classes are made up of even smaller groups called orders.

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(sûr’kyә lә tôr’ē sis’tәm)

circulatory

system

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The organ system that moves

blood through the body.

The circulatory system aids in the transport of oxygen, carbon

dioxide, and nutrients.

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classify

(klas’ә fī)

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