Gibson/Corbis 14 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images Vocabulary capital irrigation system monarchy statehouse In this book you will tour many of the fifty state capitals in the United States.. Cap
Trang 1Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction • Map
• Sidebars
• Table of Contents
ISBN 0-328-17550-1 ì<(sk$m)=bhffaf< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Fascinating Facts
Mormon Tabernacle Choir
“Camellia Capital of the World.”
the beautiful spiral staircase in the capitol in
Montgomery, Alabama
Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction • Map
• Sidebars
• Table of Contents
ISBN 0-328-17550-1 ì<(sk$m)=bhffaf< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Fascinating Facts
Mormon Tabernacle Choir
“Camellia Capital of the World.”
the beautiful spiral staircase in the capitol in
Montgomery, Alabama
Trang 2Write to It!
Suppose you were going to interview a state governor
Write three questions you would ask him or her about the state capital Write the answers the governor might give to your questions
Write your interview on a separate sheet of paper.
ISBN: 0-328-17550-1
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc
All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected
by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding
permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,
Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Maps
MapQuest, Inc.
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Gerald L French/ThePhotoFile
2 ©Allen Russell/Index Stock Imagery
4 ©Allen Prier/Panoramic Images
5 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis
6 ©Owen Franken/Corbis
7 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images
8 ©AP/Wide World Photos
9 ©Don Emmert/© AFP/Getty Images
10 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images
12 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images
13 ©Mark E Gibson/Corbis
14 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images
Vocabulary
capital irrigation system
monarchy statehouse
In this book you will tour many of the fifty state capitals
in the United States Some of these capitals are the
largest and most important cities in their states Other
capitals are smaller and more quiet Each is the center of
government for its state and is interesting in its own way
Table of Contents
Capitals at a Glance page 2
California’s Capital page 3
Faraway Capitals page 4
Southwestern Capitals page 6
Midwestern Capitals page 9
Southeastern Capitals page 12
Northeastern Capitals page 14
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona
Trang 3Capitals at a Glance
Each state capital, or center of government, has its own unique
story Kings and queens once ruled in Honolulu, Hawaii Paul
Revere galloped on horseback through the streets of Boston,
Massachusetts An enormous bat colony makes its home under a
bridge in Austin, Texas
While visiting each state’s capital, you can tour the capitol, the
building where lawmakers work You can see where significant
events in American history occurred Each capital has some kind of
surprise in store Depending on which state’s capital you visit, you
might be a spectator at a chuck wagon race, swim at a popular
beach, or tour a roller-skating museum
Sacramento’s capitol looks like a smaller version of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
3
California’s Capital
Sacramento, the state capital of California, is a good place to start our tour of capitals Its capitol, which was constructed in the 1800s, is a history museum as well as a government office The historic offices on the first floor have been restored to show how they once looked
Californians call Sacramento the “Gateway to the Gold Country.” In 1839 a man from Switzerland named John Sutter set
up a colony here for Swiss immigrants He called it New Helvetia, which means New Switzerland Sutter also set up a trading post called Sutter’s Fort When gold was discovered there in 1848, the rush was on
With hopeful gold miners hurrying to California from all over the world, the colony grew rapidly Now named Sacramento, the area became a miners’ supply post Buildings from the Gold Rush days still line the waterfront in the Old Sacramento district
At Sutter’s Fort Historic Park, the original settlement has been recreated to give visitors an idea of its original appearance
Pony Express riders made Sacramento their final stop Sacramento was also the final stop on the transcontinental railroad, which was completed in the 1800s You can see actual locomotives from that time period at the California State Railroad Museum
Trang 4Faraway Capitals
The state capitals of Alaska and Hawaii are both a great
distance from the United States mainland To get to either of
them, you must travel by plane or ship In other ways, though,
chilly Juneau, Alaska, and warm Honolulu, Hawaii, could not be
more different from each other In Juneau, the tramway climbs up
the steep wooded mountainside of Mount Roberts and provides
a great view of the city, with its mix of historic and modern
buildings You can also see Gastineau (GAS-ti-no) Channel on the
other side
Be sure to visit nearby Mendenhall Glacier This
one-and-a-half-mile-wide sheet of ice is an awesome sight As the glacier slowly
retreats, parts of it break off and form icebergs in Mendenhall Lake
The Alaska State Museum in downtown Juneau has exhibits
celebrating the city’s Inuit and Russian pasts Look for the statue of
a grizzly bear at the state capitol
Because of the lack of roads, even visitors from other parts
of Alaska must take a plane or ferry to get to Juneau.
It is a long flight to Honolulu, Hawaii—more than two thousand miles south-southwest of San Francisco, California Honolulu, Hawaii’s most important city, is called the “Crossroads of the Pacific.” Here planes and ships arrive from and depart to Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States mainland
Kings and queens once ruled in Honolulu You can visit Iolani (ee-oh-LAH-nee) Palace, the only royal palace in the United States
Queen Liliuokalani (lee-LEE-oh-kah-lah-nee), Hawaii’s last royal
ruler, lived here until 1893, when the monarchy was overthrown.
Five years later, Hawaii became part of the United States
You can also visit the popular museums and memorials at Pearl Harbor On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed the United States naval base here, causing the United States to enter World War II
People from all over the world swim, surf, and bask
on Honolulu’s lovely Waikiki (wai-kih-KIH) Beach
Diamond Head, an extinct volcano, is seen in
the background.
Trang 5Southwestern Capitals
Thousands of years ago, American Indians called the
Hohokam (huh-HO-kum) lived in a dry area near the Salt River
They built an irrigation system Phoenix, Arizona, is built on the
ruins of this ancient Hohokam settlement The city of Phoenix is
named for a mythical bird from Greek and Egyptian mythology
Frontier Days in Cheyenne, Wyoming, is a ten-day-long
festival of rodeos, chuck wagon races, and country music.
7
Santa Fe, New Mexico, is the oldest capital in the United States Since 1607 Spain, Mexico, and the United States have ruled it The Palace of the Governors in the central plaza contains exhibits of the city’s colorful history
Surrounded by majestic scenery, Santa Fe is a favorite place for artists The Museum of Indian Art and Culture displays Pueblo, Navajo, and Apache arts and crafts The circle of life, an American Indian sun sign, inspired the capitol’s design
Austin, Texas, has the largest urban bat colony in North America At sunset every summer evening, Mexican free-tail bats fly out from their home under a bridge over the Colorado River in search of nourishing insects
Charming old houses and churches made of adobe brick line Santa Fe’s narrow, crooked streets
Trang 6On April 22, 1889, the United States government opened
the Oklahoma Territory to settlement More than ten thousand
homesteaders raced across the border to claim land around the
railroad tracks and to put up a city of tents
Oil and cattle are important to the history of Oklahoma City
Miners first struck oil here in 1928 Today the city is in one of the
major oil-producing areas in the nation
Oklahoma City has one of the largest cattle markets in the
world Check out the National Cowboy and Western Heritage
Museum, with exhibits showcasing cowboys, rodeos, western
towns, African American Buffalo Soldiers, and more
Oil wells are all over Oklahoma City, even
on the grounds of the state capitol.
Midwestern Capitals
You cannot miss Lincoln, Nebraska At four hundred feet high, its capitol, the “Tower of the Plains,” can be seen for miles A bronze statue of a farmer sowing grain stands on top of the building—a perfect symbol for this grain-growing state of the Great Plains
The prairie, which once stretched as far as the eye could see, has been mostly turned into farmland Visit the Nine-Mile Prairie in Lincoln to experience the prairie as it once was You can also visit the unusual National Museum of Roller-Skating—an entire museum devoted to skates and skating
St Paul, Minnesota, is one of the “Twin Cities.” Minneapolis is the other twin city The two cities, however, are not identical St
Paul is smaller and more quiet than its large, bustling twin across the Mississippi River St Paul was built on the site of a French-Canadian trading post called “Pig’s Eye.” For many years St Paul was the most bustling river port on the Upper Mississippi
More than one million people come to Des Moines, Iowa, every August to see the huge Iowa State Fair.
Trang 7Abraham Lincoln lived in Springfield, Illinois, before he became
President Many of the sites that he knew have been kept just as
they were when he was a resident You can visit the law office
where Lincoln worked, the railroad station where he departed
Springfield to become President, and even the tomb where he is
buried You can see his statue, too, and rub its nose for good luck
Many people do this In fact, the popular statue’s nose color has
worn away over the years from so much abrasion!
A statue of Abraham Lincoln stands in front of the capitol in Springfield, Illinois.
11
Indianapolis is Indiana’s capital It is also the city of wheels—car wheels, that is Every Memorial Day weekend, during the famous Indianapolis (or Indy) 500 motor race, cars going as fast as two hundred miles per hour speed around the Indianapolis Motor Speedway The cars race for a total of five hundred miles Visitors can take a guided test drive around the track More than seventy-five racing cars are on display at the speedway’s Hall of Fame
The Brickyard 400 stock car race and the United States national finals of the International Hot Rod Association are also held in Indianapolis, which is home to many auto racing-related businesses
A great variety of regular cars also run through and around the capital Indianapolis’s four Interstate highways and five United States highways have earned the city the nickname the
“Crossroads of America.”
Seen from above, the city of Indianapolis even resembles a wheel Monument Circle is at the center, and the city’s streets fan out from it like spokes
Indianapolis is not just about wheels, of course It is also identified with professional sports The city’s Children’s Museum has five stories full of entertaining things to explore
Trang 8Southeastern Capitals
Montgomery, Alabama, was also the Confederacy’s first
capital during the Civil War A bronze star on the capitol steps
marks the spot where Jefferson Davis was sworn in as the
Confederacy’s president
More than one hundred years later, civil rights leader Dr
Martin Luther King, Jr., gave a speech on these very same steps
He spoke to twenty-five thousand Americans, both black and
white, who had marched from Selma, Alabama, forty-three miles
away, in support of civil rights Earlier, in 1955, the famous
Montgomery bus boycott began when Rosa Parks refused to give
up her seat to a white person
The Civil Rights Memorial
in Montgomery honors forty
people who died in the
historic struggle for civil rights
Maya Lin, the artist who
designed the Vietnam Veterans
Memorial in Washington,
D.C., also designed the Civil
Rights Memorial
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, has the
tallest state capitol in the United
States It is thirty-four stories tall.
13
Atlanta, Georgia, has one of the world’s busiest airports—a good introduction to this modern metropolis To see the old Atlanta, visitors can go under the city to Underground Atlanta For fifty years brick streets, gaslights, and old storefronts lay under bridges carrying traffic through the city Now a four-block area of this historic district has been restored
At the Margaret Mitchell House and Museum, visitors can see
the home of the author of the popular novel Gone With the Wind,
which became a famous movie The story tells about Atlanta’s history during the Civil War when Union forces led by General William T Sherman burned the city almost to the ground
The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
in Nashville, Tennessee, resembles the black and white keys of a giant piano.
Trang 9Northeastern Capitals
Annapolis, Maryland, sits at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay This watery capital claims seventeen miles of shoreline and is home to the United States Naval Academy Boats fill its charming City Dock Restaurants serve seafood from the surrounding waters You can even sightsee around
Annapolis in a boat, schooner, or kayak
A statue of Independent Man perches on top of the statehouse in
Providence, Rhode Island, the smallest state in the Union
Roger Williams was Rhode Island’s first independent man
He was a minister who did not agree with the ideas of the other
ministers in Boston, so he left and started a new colony to the
south—Rhode Island
Annapolis has the oldest state capitol in the nation that is still in use No nails were used in its wooden dome, the largest of its kind in the United States.
Hartford, Connecticut, has been home
to famous writers like Harriet Beecher
Stowe, who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and Mark Twain, who wrote Tom Sawyer and
Hall
Old South Meeting House
Post Office City Hall
Paul Rever Old Nort
Old State House
John F Kennedy Federal Bldg.
King King’s Chapel s Chapel
Bunker Hill Monument
Museum of -American History
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Charlestown
Longfellow Bridge
Land Blvd
Charles Ri ver Dam
Bridge
State St.
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Faneuil Hall
Old South Meeting House
Post Office City Hall
Paul Revere House Old North Church
Old State House
John F Kennedy Federal Bldg.
King’s Chapel
Bunker Hill Monument
U.S.S.
Constitution
Museum of Afro-American History
Boston Common
Charlesbank Playground
Boston Inner Harbor
Charles River
B o
st o n H a rb o
0 1 ⁄8 1 ⁄4 Mile
0 1 ⁄ 8 1 ⁄4 Kilometer
N
Point of interest Park Freedom Trail Interstate highway
Boston, the capital city of Massachusetts, has such large amounts
of history crowded into a small space that it is difficult to take it all in To see many of the historical sites, visitors can follow the Freedom Trail to see where events important to the founding of the United States occurred
During the American Revolution soldiers trained on Boston Common The Boston Massacre occurred in front of the Old State House The famous silversmith and Patriot Paul Revere lived in the house now known as the Paul Revere House Two lanterns were lit
in the Old North Church to signal that British troops were headed for Concord
Follow Boston’s Freedom Trail to see where important historical events took place.
Trang 10Glossary
capital a city where a state or national government
is located
capitol a building where a state or national
legislature meets
civil rights the rights guaranteed to all citizens by
the Constitution
irrigation system a way of using canals, ditches, or
pipes to bring water to dry land
monarchy a government ruled by a king or queen
statehouse another word for capitol
Write to It!
Suppose you were going to interview a state governor
Write three questions you would ask him or her about the state capital Write the answers the governor might give to your questions
Write your interview on a separate sheet of paper.
ISBN: 0-328-17550-1
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc
All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America This publication is protected
by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited
reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding
permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,
Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Maps
MapQuest, Inc.
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Gerald L French/ThePhotoFile
2 ©Allen Russell/Index Stock Imagery
4 ©Allen Prier/Panoramic Images
5 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis
6 ©Owen Franken/Corbis
7 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images
8 ©AP/Wide World Photos
9 ©Don Emmert/© AFP/Getty Images
10 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images
12 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images
13 ©Mark E Gibson/Corbis
14 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images
Vocabulary
capital irrigation system
monarchy statehouse
In this book you will tour many of the fifty state capitals
in the United States Some of these capitals are the
largest and most important cities in their states Other
capitals are smaller and more quiet Each is the center of
government for its state and is interesting in its own way
Table of Contents
Capitals at a Glance page 2
California’s Capital page 3
Faraway Capitals page 4
Southwestern Capitals page 6
Midwestern Capitals page 9
Southeastern Capitals page 12
Northeastern Capitals page 14