BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 – MOTION @ 1xRPM 3,590 cpm• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, horizontal measurement PIH at 0.05 ips-pk.. BASELINE ODS 9/18/08
Trang 1ODS & Modal Case Histories
Barry T Cease Cease Industrial Consulting
February 20th, 2009
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Trang 2ODS & MODAL CASE HISTORIES
Trang 3What Is ODS?
• ODS stands for operating deflection shape.
• ODS analysis generates a computer model of your machinery that depicts its motion while running at operating speed & load. You literally “see” how your machine is
Trang 4What Is Modal Analysis?
• Modal analysis identifies the frequencies & shapes your machine “likes to vibrate at” (natural frequencies) and compares these to the normal forces present on the machine
to see if a match exists that produces an undesirable resonant condition.
• If a resonant condition is identified, common solutions involve the following: force reduction (ie: reducing the vibration forces present in the machine), tuning of the
mechanical system (ie: adding or reducing mass or stiffness to the system at the right spots), or force “movement” (ie: changing the machine speed as possible to avoid the
Trang 5PLOT 1: Vibration data measured during normal operation Dominant vibration at 1,789 cpm or 1x RPM of
machine (“offending frequency”).
PLOT 2: Modal data measured while machine down Note the strong response at 1,837 cpm which is near 1x RPM
Vibration Spectra vs Modal Data
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Trang 6When Should ODS or Modal Analysis Be Used?
• When standard vibration analysis techniques have failed to determine the exact
problem.
• When resonance is suspected.
• An ODS or Modal job begins best with a determination of the “offending frequencies of vibration” usually made using standard, route vibration spectra.
Trang 7Example: Collecting ODS Data From
CMS Test Rotor Kit
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Trang 8Example: Collecting Modal Data From
CMS Test Rotor Kit
• Machine not operating.
• Determine reference (driving) point. Like ODS analysis above, we want to use a point with strong vibration at all “offending frequencies”, but for modal analysis, we must be even more “picky” by applying the impact & measuring the response at many points until good representation of all offending frequencies is found (“driving point”).
• First roving point collected at driving point (ie: 1Y:1Y).
• Usually, we rove around with the sensor(s) and apply impact at the driving point, but this isn’t necessary. We could also rove around with the hammer with similar results although getting a good impact at all points is typically difficult.
• Continue collecting other points all along machine at predetermined points.
• Like ODS analysis, both the total number of points collected as well as the point
locations are key to how accurate the model animation will represent reality (ie: spatial aliasing).
Trang 9Case History#1: Acceptance Testing Of AHU Fan
Equipment & Problem Description
2-ea Wall Isolators
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Trang 10INITIAL DATA & FINDINGS, PART 1
OEM Vibration Spec Motor, Outboard,
Motor, Outboard -
Motor, Inboard -
Trang 11INITIAL DATA & FINDINGS, PART 2
AHU SF1.3 MOTOR & FAN, OVERALL VIBRATION AT FULL SPEED
Trang 12SPECTRAL DATA AT FULL SPEED
<set RPM>
Fan, Inboard Horizontal Vel Spec 60000 CPM 12/27/2007 4:42:59 PM O/All 1.938 in/s 0-pk
<set RPM>
Motor, Outboard Vertical Vel Spec 60000 CPM 12/27/2007 4:34:40 PM O/All 1.363 in/s 0-pk
<set RPM>
Motor, Outboard Horizontal Vel Spec 60000 CPM 12/27/2007 4:33:35 PM O/All 1.276 in/s 0-pk
<set RPM>
Spectral data from points of high vibration at full speed (MOH, MOV, FIH & FOH) Dominant
vibration in all spectra occurs at top fan speed of 1,987 cpm or 33.1 Hz
Trang 13FAN COASTDOWN DATA, BODE PLOTS
Bode Plot - 1X - SF-1.3 - Fan, Inboard - Horizontal Vel Freq 30000 CPM [Tach]
Vel Freq 30000 CPM [Tach]
Bode Plot - 1X - SF-1.3 - Fan, Outboard - Horizontal Vel Freq 30000 CPM [Tach]
CPM
800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Vel Freq 30000 CPM [Tach]
PLOT 14: Coastdown data at fan, inboard, horizontal
(FIH) position in Bode format shows suspected natural
frequency at approximately 1,900 cpm (31.667 Hz) The
highest vibration level on the fan was measured at this
point at 1,903 rpm at 3.11 ips-pk!!
PLOT 15: Coastdown data at fan, outboard, horizontal (FOH) position in Bode format shows suspected natural frequency at approximately 1,500 cpm (25 Hz) The highest vibration level measured at this point occurred at 1,495 rpm at 2.60 ips-pk!!
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Trang 14INTERFERENCE DATA (MOTOR & FAN SPEEDS)
Trang 15INTERFERENCE DIAGRAM
Interference diagram of fan & motor speeds vs suspected natural frequencies at 1,500, 1,800 & 1,900 cpm.
Potential interference occurs at approximately 750, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1075, 1,500, 1675, 1,800, 1,900 & 2,000 rpm.
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Trang 16MODAL ANALYSIS OF AHU FAN
Trang 17MODAL ANALYSIS – 26.1 Hz Mode
Modal animation at 26.1 Hz of AHU fan & motor
inboard Note distortion of machine frame near
motor.
Modal animation at 26.1 Hz of AHU fan & motor outboard Note distortion of machine frame near motor.
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Trang 18MODAL ANALYSIS – 31.1 Hz Mode
Modal animation at 31.1 Hz of AHU fan & motor
inboard Note distortion of machine frame near motor.
Modal animation at 31.1 Hz of AHU fan & motor outboard Note distortion of machine frame near motor.
Trang 19CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS, AHU FAN
1) This fan failed OEM vibration specifications due primarily to resonances identified in the machine frame at 26.1 & 31.1 Hz.
2) Unbalance may exist in the fan, but it’s contribution is minor by comparison to the
resonances identified. If balancing is done to reduce forces, perform at 1,200 rpm fan speed or lower to avoid resonances and associated balance difficulties.
3) The isolator near the motor outboard may be loose with the floor. Please inspect & repair as needed.
4) Resolving the resonance issues will likely involve either adding an additional pair of isolators between the fan & motor or stiffening the machine frame near the motor or both.
5) Stiffening the machine frame might be accomplished by welding either “X” bracing
inside the base near the motor or welding plate onto the machine frame for the motor base to rest on.
6) A slightly larger AHU fan of similar design with six isolators instead of four was also
tested as part of this job – this six isolator fan passed acceptance testing at all speeds 7) These conclusions were presented to the customer along with documentation. Months later I checked with plant personnel who informed me my customer had opted to
balance the fan with disappointing results.
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Trang 20CASE HISTORY#2 - ACCEPTANCE TESTING OF HIGH
PRESSURE WATER PUMP Equipment & Problem Description
Initial state of newly installed water pump What
is wrong with this design & layout?
Trang 21BASELINE OVERALL LEVELS 9/16/08
Trang 22BASELINE SPECTRA 9/16/08
• Pump spectra from 9/16/08 shows dominant vibration at the vane-pass frequency (4x rpm) of the pump.
• A higher than normal vibration level at this frequency generally indicates flow problems of some sort with the pump. From the photo earlier, what did you see that could be causing flow problems at this pump?
• Horizontal measurement shows high 1x & 2x rpm vibration as well as vane-pass.
• Thus, our offending vibration frequencies are primarily 1x, 2x & 4x rpm for this machine on 9/16/08
(baseline)
Trang 23BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 – MOTION @ 1xRPM (3,590 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, horizontal measurement (PIH) at 0.05 ips-pk.
• Note 180 degree radial motion across the coupling at this key frequency. Shaft alignment & soft foot are suspect.
• Note movement of both machine pedestal & surrounding floor suggesting significant problems with this machine foundation.
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Trang 24BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 – MOTION @ 2xRPM (7,180 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, horizontal measurement (PIH) at 0.08 ips-pk.
• Note vertical movement of entire pedestal & surrounding floor at this frequency (120 Hz) again suggesting significant problems exist with this machine foundation.
Trang 25BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 – MOTION @ 4xRPM (14,400 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, vertical measurement (PIV) at 0.24 ips-pk.
• Note thrusting of both pump suction area and entire pump rotor. I suspect this is due in part
to turbulence at the pump suction from “elbow entry”.
• Note continued pedestal &
foundation movement.
• Note little movement at motor.
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Trang 26BASELINE ODS 9/18/08 – MOTION @ 8xRPM (28,800 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, axial measurement (PIA)
at 0.04 ips-pk.
• Note continued thrusting of pump
& pump suction at this frequency.
• Note relatively little motion of the motor or pedestal at this
frequency.
Trang 27CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS, 9/18/08
2) The shaft alignment is questionable due to the 180 degree radial motion across the
coupling. Please recheck shaft alignment & soft foot and correct as necessary to plant specs.
3) The machine pedestal & surrounding floor appear loose from the ground. Movement
of the pedestal & floor were clearly seen in ODS at both 1x & 4x rpm.
4) Both motor & pump were hot to touch and low air flow was noted at the motor.
Uncertainty exists as to the existing & proper lube for pump. Install larger fan at motor endbell & change oil to OEM specs.
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Trang 28PUMP & PIPING CONFIGURATION 10/2/08
Trang 30SPECTRAL DATA 10/2/08
• High vibration at 1x, 2x & 4x rpm (vane-pass) remained in all pump spectra
• New appearance of vibration at 3x rpm with 10/2/08 modifications not seen in baseline data
• Highest vibration levels remain at 4x rpm (vane-pass).
Trang 31ODS 10/2/08 – MOTION @ 1xRPM (3,590 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, axial measurement (PIA)
at 0.12 ips-pk
• Note the excessive horizontal movement of the newly modified pump suction piping at this key frequency
• Notice how much more the piping
is moving when compared to motion at either the pump or motor
• Could the solution to the bad actor at your plant be found at the piping or ducting?
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Trang 32ODS 10/2/08 – MOTION @ 2xRPM (7,180 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, axial measurement (PIA)
at 0.08 ips-pk
• As in the earlier ODS at 1x rpm, note how piping motion is much greater than that seen at either the pump or motor
• Note the near perfect 2nd mode motion (sinusoidal) of the horizontal run of discharge piping
• Note the excessive vibration of both the vertical run of discharge piping as well as the newly
installed recirculation line (1st mode)
• Note how total motion of the discharge piping seems to “pull the pump” in the axial or thrust direction
Trang 33ODS 10/2/08 – MOTION @ 3xRPM (10,800 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, horizontal measurement (PIH) at 0.16 ips-pk
• Again, notice how the piping motion dwarfs that seen at either pump or motor
• Note how excessive motion of the recirculation line (1st Mode) is
“pulling the pump”
• Note how excessive motion of the suction line is also “pulling the pump”
• Note the excessive motion in the short section of discharge piping between the recirculation line & pump discharge
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Trang 34ODS 10/2/08 – MOTION @ 4xRPM (14,400 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, horizontal measurement (PIH) at 0.36 ips-pk
• Again, notice how much more the piping is moving (vibrating) compared
to either the pump or motor
• Note how motion of the recirculation line at this key frequency is by far the most and resembles a possible 2nd mode
• Note how motion at the suction piping remains high as well
Trang 35ODS 10/2/08 – MOTION @ 8xRPM (28,800 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, axial measurement (PIA) at 0.05 ips-pk
• Again, notice how motion of the piping dwarfs that seen at either motor or pump
• Note the excessive motion of the discharge piping here
• Note how motion at the recirculation line is relatively small when
compared to earlier frequencies
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Trang 37CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS, 10/02/08
CONFIGURATION
1) Remove the recirculation line if possible. The addition of the new recirculation line has had a
negative effect on machine vibration levels due to multiple suspected resonances occurring there.2) Like the recirculation line above, motion of the discharge piping at multiple frequencies is having a
negative effect on machine vibration. Add additional support to the discharge piping at the points
where high motion is observed in the ODS animations If possible, try adding support from at least
two additional points
3) Repair or replace the broken discharge hanger found at the ceiling.
4) Provide additional support (if possible) under the suction piping as excessive motion continues
Trang 38PUMP & PIPING CONFIGURATION 10/16/08
Trang 41ODS 10/16/08 – MOTION @ 1xRPM (3,590 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, axial measurement (PIA) at 0.12 ips-pk
• Notice how motion of the piping is much greater than that observed at either the pump or motor
• Note how now both the discharge & suction piping are flexing in the axial (thrust) plane and are “pulling the pump” with them
• Notice how the motor is virtually
“still” at this key frequency – any alignment or coupling problems are now unlikely here
• Both the addition of the new
“stiffening connection” between suction & discharge as well as the continued existence of the
recirculation line appear to have negative effects on machine vibration (transmission path)
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Trang 42ODS 10/16/08 – MOTION @ 2xRPM (7,180 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, horizontal measurement (PIH) at 0.05 ips-pk
• The newly installed discharge piping support at the wall was found both loose from the wall and the piping
• This looseness is at least partly to blame for the excessive motion of the discharge piping seen at or near the location of this new support
• Both the newly installed stiffening connection between discharge & suction piping as well as the recirculation line must be eliminated to reduce machine vibration levels
Trang 43ODS 10/16/08 – MOTION @ 3xRPM (10,800 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, horizontal measurement (PIH) at 0.14 ips-pk
• Note the excessive horizontal motion
of the discharge piping at this frequency with maximum deflection occurring somewhere between the recirculation line & discharge valve
• The recirculation line should be removed
• Horizontal bracing of the discharge line somewhere between the recirculation line & discharge valve may be necessary to eliminate this vibration. Only consider this
modification after the glaring problems mentioned earlier are corrected and high vibration levels persist
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Trang 44ODS 10/16/08 – MOTION @ 4xRPM (14,400 cpm)
• Pump maximum vibration at this frequency occurred at the pump, inboard, horizontal measurement (PIH) at 0.12 ips-pk
• Both the recirculation line as well
as the newly installed “stiffening connection” continue their negative effects on machine vibration levels
• Again, notice how little both the motor & pump are moving when compared to the piping