5 15 touring the united states

Bộ sách Scott Foresman social studies grade 5 gồm các quyển sau: 5.1 Uncovering Amerias Past 5.2 Vespucci Sails For America 5.3 Making Connections American Indians and Settlers 5.4 Conflict in the Colonies 5.5 Turning Points in the Fight for Freedom 5.6 Words of Freedom The US Constitution 5.7 Spreading Across the Continent 5.8 The Search for Land, Gold, and a New Life 5.9 Civil War Heroines 5.10 The Great Depression 5.11 The Home Front 5.12 Rockets and Satellites 5.13 When Everyone Became a Hero 5.14 New Problems New Solutions 5.15 Touring the United States

Trang 1

Scott Foresman Social Studies

ISBN 0-328-17549-8

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Fascinating Facts

• Salt Lake City, Utah’s capital, is home to the famous

Mormon Tabernacle Choir

• Sacramento, the capital of California, is also the

“Camellia Capital of the World.”

• Horace King, a former enslaved person, designed

the beautiful spiral staircase in the capitol in

Montgomery, Alabama

Nonfi ction • Map

• Sidebars

• Table of Contents

Scott Foresman Social Studies

ISBN 0-328-17549-8

ì<(sk$m)=bhfejj< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Fascinating Facts

• Salt Lake City, Utah’s capital, is home to the famous

Mormon Tabernacle Choir

• Sacramento, the capital of California, is also the

“Camellia Capital of the World.”

• Horace King, a former enslaved person, designed

the beautiful spiral staircase in the capitol in

Montgomery, Alabama

Nonfi ction • Map

• Sidebars

• Table of Contents

Trang 2

capital irrigation system capitol civil rights

monarchy statehouse

Write to It!

Write a paragraph that compares and contrasts two of the state capitals that you have read about

Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.

ISBN: 0-328-17549-8

by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding

permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,

Glenview, Illinois 60025.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

Maps

MapQuest, Inc.

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Royalty-Free/Corbis

2 ©Gerald L French/ThePhotoFile

4 ©Allen Prier/Panoramic Images

5 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis

6 ©Owen Franken/Corbis

7 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images

8 ©AP/Wide World Photos

9 ©Don Emmert/AFP/Getty Images

13 ©Mark E Gibson/Corbis

In this book you will discover many of the fifty state

capitals in the United States Some capitals are large

and busy cities, while other capitals are small and

quiet Each capital is the center of government for its

state and is interesting in its own way

Table of Contents

Capitals at a Glance page 2

California’s Capital page 3

Faraway Capitals page 4

Southwestern Capitals page 6

Midwestern Capitals page 9

Southeastern Capitals page 12

Northeastern Capitals page 14

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona

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Capitals at a Glance

Each state capital, or center of government, has its own

story Kings and queens once ruled in Honolulu, Hawaii

Paul Revere once rode on horseback through the streets of

Boston, Massachusetts A huge bat colony makes its home in

Austin, Texas

While visiting each state’s capital, you can also tour the

capitol You can see where major events in United States history

happened You can also have fun Depending on which capital

you visit, you might see a race, swim at a popular beach, or visit

a roller-skating museum

3

California’s Capital

Sacramento, the state capital of California, is a good place to start our tour of the state capitals Built in the 1800s, its capitol

is a history museum and a government office The historic offices

on the first floor have been restored to how they once were

Californians call Sacramento the “Gateway to the Gold Country.” In 1839 a Swiss man named John Sutter set up a colony here for people arriving from Switzerland He called it New Helvetia, which means New Switzerland He also set up a trading post called Sutter’s Fort When gold was found there in

1848, the Gold Rush was on

With gold miners rushing to the area from all over the world, the colony grew quickly Renamed Sacramento, the town became

a miners’ supply post Buildings from those days still line the waterfront in Old Sacramento At Sutter’s Fort State Historic Park, the original settlement has been rebuilt to show how it once was

Pony Express riders made Sacramento their final stop The transcontinental railroad, which was completed in the 1800s, also made Sacramento its final stop You can see locomotives from that time at the California State Railroad Museum

Sacramento’s capitol looks like a smaller version of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.

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Faraway Capitals

The state capitals of Alaska and Hawaii are far from the

United States mainland To get to them, you must travel by

plane or by ship In other ways, however, chilly Juneau, Alaska,

and warm Honolulu, Hawaii, could not be more different from

each other

Juneau has a mix of old and new buildings A ride up steep

Mount Roberts gives you a great view of the city You can also

see Gastineau (GAS-ti-no) Channel on the other side

Be sure to visit nearby Mendenhall Glacier This

one-and-a-half-mile-wide sheet of ice is amazing As the glacier slowly moves,

parts of it break off and form icebergs in Mendenhall Lake

The Alaska State Museum in downtown Juneau has displays

that celebrate the city’s Inuit and Russian pasts Look for the

statue of a grizzly bear at the state capitol

Because of the lack of roads, even visitors from other parts

of Alaska must take a plane or ferry to get to Juneau.

People from all over the world swim, surf, and relax on Honolulu’s lovely Waikiki (wai-kih-KIH) Beach Diamond Head, an extinct volcano, is in the background.

5

It is a long flight to Honolulu, Hawaii The city is more two thousand miles from San Francisco, California Honolulu is called the “Crossroads of the Pacific.” This is because ships and planes traveling to and from Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the mainland United States land here

Kings and queens once ruled in Honolulu You can visit Iolani (ee-oh-LAH-nee) Palace, the only royal palace in the United States Queen Liliuokalani (lee-LEE-oh-kah-lah-nee), Hawaii’s

last royal ruler, lived here until 1893 That year the monarchy,

a government ruled by a king or queen, ended Hawaii became part of the United States five years later

You can also visit the museums and memorials at Pearl Harbor On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed the United States naval base there That attack caused the United States to enter World War II

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Southwestern Capitals

Thousands of years ago American Indians called the

Hohokam (huh-HO-kum) lived in a dry area near the Salt River

in Arizona They built an irrigation system, a way of using

canals, ditches, or pipes to bring water to dry land Phoenix,

Arizona, is built on these ancient ruins The city is named for a

mythical bird from Greek and Egyptian mythology

Frontier Days in Cheyenne, Wyoming,

is a ten-day-long festival of rodeos, chuck wagon races, and country music.

7

Santa Fe, New Mexico, is the oldest capital in the United States Since 1607 Spain, Mexico, and the United States have ruled it The Palace of the Governors is located in the central plaza and has displays that showcase the city’s history

Santa Fe is a favorite place for many artists The Museum of Indian Art and Culture displays Pueblo, Navajo, and Apache arts and crafts The state capitol is made to look like an American Indian sun sign that represents the circle of life

Old houses and churches made of adobe brick line Santa Fe’s narrow, crooked streets

Austin, Texas, has the largest urban bat population in North America About one million Mexican free-tail bats live under

a bridge over the Colorado River At sunset every summer evening, they fly out searching for dinner—bugs!

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On April 22, 1889, the United States government opened

the Oklahoma Territory to settlement More than ten thousand

homesteaders raced across the border These settlers claimed land

around the railroad tracks and quickly built a city of tents

Oil and cattle are important to the history of Oklahoma City

Miners first struck oil here in 1928 Today, the city is still a

major producer of oil

Oklahoma City has one of the world’s largest cattle markets

You can visit the National Cowboy and Western Heritage

Museum to learn about rodeos, western towns, and African

American Buffalo Soldiers

Oil wells are all over Oklahoma City, even on the grounds of the state capitol.

9

Midwestern Capitals

You cannot miss Lincoln, Nebraska, because its capitol, the

“Tower of the Plains,” can be seen for miles around It stands four hundred feet high At the top is a statue of a farmer sowing grain,

a good symbol for this grain-growing state of the Great Plains

The prairie, which once stretched as far as the eye could see, is now mostly farmland Visit the Nine-Mile Prairie in Lincoln to see the prairie as it once was You can also visit the National Museum

of Roller-Skating, an entire museum devoted to skates and skating

St Paul, Minnesota, is one of the “Twin Cities.” Minneapolis

is the other twin city, but the two cities are not alike St Paul is smaller and quieter than its large, busy twin The cities are on opposite sides of the Mississippi River St Paul was built on the site of a French-Canadian trading post called “Pig’s Eye.” For many years, St Paul was the busiest port on the Upper Mississippi

More than one million people come to Des Moines, Iowa, every August to attend the huge Iowa State Fair.

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Abraham Lincoln lived in Springfield, Illinois, for the

twenty-three years before he became President Many of the

places that he knew are kept just as they were when he lived

there The railroad station where Lincoln left Springfield to

become President is now a museum You can visit the law

office where Lincoln worked and the tomb where he is buried

You can see Lincoln’s statue, too, and rub its nose for good

luck Many visitors do this In fact, the statue’s nose color has

worn away over the years from so much rubbing!

A statue of Abraham Lincoln is in front of the capitol in

Springfield, Illinois.

11

Indianapolis is Indiana’s capital It is also the city of wheels—car wheels, that is Every Memorial Day, the famous Indianapolis 500 motor race takes place Cars go as fast as two hundred miles per hour around the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for a total of five hundred miles Visitors can take

a guided test drive around the track, and racing cars are on display at the speedway’s Hall of Fame

The Brickyard 400 stock car race and the United States national competitions of the International Hot Rod Association also take place in the capital Indianapolis is home to many businesses related to auto racing

Many regular cars drive through and around this busy capital Indianapolis’s seven Interstate highways and nine United States highways have earned it the nickname the

“Crossroads of America.”

Seen from above, the city of Indianapolis even looks like a wheel Monument Circle is at the center and the city’s streets fan out from it like spokes

Indianapolis is not all about wheels, of course It is also a popular place for professional sports Do not forget the city’s Children’s Museum It is five stories tall and full of many fun things to explore

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Southeastern Capitals

Montgomery is the capital of Alabama It was also the first

capital of the Confederacy during the Civil War A star on the

capitol steps marks the spot where Jefferson Davis was sworn in

as its president

More than one hundred years later, civil rights leader Dr

Martin Luther King, Jr., gave a speech on these same steps He

spoke to twenty-five thousand Americans, both black and white

The group had marched from Selma, Alabama, forty-three miles

away, in support of civil rights Earlier, in 1955, there was a

famous Montgomery bus boycott that started when Rosa Parks

refused to give up her seat to a white person

The Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery honors forty

people who died in the struggle for civil rights Maya Lin

designed the memorial She is an artist who also designed the

Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C

Baton Rouge, Louisiana,

has the tallest state capitol

in the United States It is

thirty-four stories tall.

13

Atlanta, Georgia, is a modern city with one of the world’s busiest airports To see the old Atlanta, visitors can go under the city to Underground Atlanta For fifty years brick streets, gaslights, and old storefronts lay under the bridges that carried traffic through the city Now four blocks of this historic area are open to the public

At the Margaret Mitchell House and Museum, you can see

the home of the author of the book Gone With the Wind The

story, which also became a famous movie, tells about the history

of Atlanta During the Civil War, Union soldiers led by General Sherman burned the city almost to the ground

The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum

in Nashville, Tennessee, resembles the black and white keys of a giant piano.

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Northeastern Capitals

Annapolis, Maryland, sits at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay This capital has seventeen miles of shoreline and

is home to the United States Naval Academy Boats fill the City Dock, and restaurants serve seafood

from the surrounding waters Many visitors enjoy sightseeing in

Annapolis by boat

A statue of Independent Man stands on top of the statehouse,

or capitol, in Providence, Rhode Island Rhode Island is the

smallest state in our country

Roger Williams was Rhode Island’s first independent man

He was a minister who disagreed with the ideas of the other

ministers in Boston Williams left Boston and started a new

colony to the south, Rhode Island

Annapolis has the oldest state capitol

in the nation still in use No nails were used in its wooden dome, the largest

of its kind in the United States.

Montpelier, Vermont, is the smallest state capital The Vermont

statehouse is made of a kind of stone called granite The granite was

mined from a huge quarry in the nearby town of Barre

Faneuil Hall

Old South Meeting House

Post Office City Hall

Paul Rever Old Nort

Old State House

John F Kennedy Federal Bldg.

King King’s Chapel s Chapel

Bunker Hill Monument

Museum of -American History

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Post Office City Hall

Paul Revere House Old North Church

Old State House

John F Kennedy Federal Bldg.

King’s Chapel

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Museum of Afro-American History

Boston Common

Charlesbank Playground

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Point of interest Park Freedom Trail Interstate highway

Boston is the capital of Massachusetts It has so much history crowded into such a small space that it is difficult

to see it all To make it easier, visitors can follow the Freedom Trail, a path that leads visitors

to the sites of events that were important to the founding of the United States

During the American Revolution, soldiers trained on Boston Common The Boston Massacre took place in front of the Old State House The famous Patriot Paul Revere lived in the house now known as the Paul Revere House In the Old North Church, two lanterns were lit to show that British troops were headed for Concord

Follow Boston’s Freedom Trail to see where important historical events took place.

Hartford, Connecticut, has been home to two famous writers One was Harriet Beecher Stowe, who

wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Another was Mark Twain,

who wrote Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.

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Glossary

capital a city where a state or national government is located

capitol a building where a state or national legislature meets

civil rights the rights guaranteed to all citizens by the

Constitution

irrigation system a way of using canals, ditches, or pipes to

bring water to dry land

monarchy a government ruled by a king or queen

statehouse another word for capitol

Vocabulary

capital irrigation system capitol civil rights

monarchy statehouse

Write to It!

Write a paragraph that compares and contrasts two of the state capitals that you have read about

Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.

ISBN: 0-328-17549-8

by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding

permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,

Glenview, Illinois 60025.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

Maps

MapQuest, Inc.

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Royalty-Free/Corbis

In this book you will discover many of the fifty state

capitals in the United States Some capitals are large

and busy cities, while other capitals are small and

quiet Each capital is the center of government for its

state and is interesting in its own way

Table of Contents

Capitals at a Glance page 2

California’s Capital page 3

Faraway Capitals page 4

Southwestern Capitals page 6

Midwestern Capitals page 9

Southeastern Capitals page 12

Northeastern Capitals page 14

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