5 5 5 the united states goes west

Bộ sách Scott Foresman reading street gồm các quyển sau: 5.1.1 Learning from Ms Liang 5.1.2 The Challenges of Storm Chasing 5.1.3 Tobys Vacation 5.1.4 Famous Women Athletes 5.1.5 A Nation of Many Colors 5.2.1 Using Special Talents a 5.2.2 Holocaust Rescuers 5.2.3 The Gift 5.2.4 Habitats in Need of Help 5.2.5 Paul Revere and the American Revolution 5.3.1 The Story of Flight 5.3.2 Michelangelo and the Italian Renaissance 5.3.3 Searching for Dinosaurs 5.3.4 Legends of the Blues 5.3.5 Very Special Effects Computers in Filmmaking 5.4.1 Adventure to the New World 5.4.2 Everybody Wins The Story of Special Olympics 5.4.3 Changing to Survive Bird Adaptations 5.4.4 The New Kid at School 5.4.5 Strange Sports with Weird Gear 5.5.1 Double Play 5.5.2 Exploring With Science 5.5.3 Sailing the Stars 5.5.4 Journey Through The Earth 5.5.5 The United States Goes West 5.6.1 Life in the Sea 5.6.2 The Kudzu Invasion 5.6.3 The Golden Year 5.6.4 Train Wreck 5.6.5 Grandma Bettys Banjo

Adam McClellan

Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA,

Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided

in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.

ISBN 0-328-13575-5 ì<(sk$m)=bdfhfc< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Genre Comprehension

Skills and Strategy Text Features Expository

nonfi ction

• Generalize

• Fact and Opinion

• Graphic Organizers

• Captions

• Maps

• Headings

Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.5.5

b

Adam McClellan

Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA,

Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided

in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.

ISBN 0-328-13575-5 ì<(sk$m)=bdfhfc< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Genre Comprehension

Skills and Strategy Text Features Expository

nonfi ction

• Generalize

• Fact and Opinion

• Graphic Organizers

• Captions

• Maps

• Headings

Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.5.5

Reader Response

1 Based on Lewis and Clark’s travels, what do you think

early trips to the west were like?

2 Describe three ways the Louisiana Purchase changed

the United States and Native Americans Use the graphic organizer below to organize your ideas and then make one statement from your information

3 On page 20, how can the prefix co- help you figure

out the meaning of the word coexist? List and define three more words with the prefix co- Use the words

in sentences

4 What do you think might have happened if Napoleon

did not allow the United States to buy the Louisiana Territory? Explain your answer

Statement:

Change:

b

Adam McClellan

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3

A New Nation

In 1776, thirteen American colonies declared their

independence from Great Britain They fought the

American Revolution against Great Britain, and in

1780 Great Britain surrendered A new nation was born—the United States of America

In 1783 a treaty gave the United States the thirteen colonies—now states—and other territory west to the Mississippi River Great Britain kept its lands in Canada Spain controlled most of the territory south and west of the United States Part of the territory west from the Mississippi was called Louisiana

This 1784 map shows the borders of the new nation.

When Napoleon Bonaparte

took control of France

in 1799, he wanted to increase France’s strength

in North America Taking

over Spanish territory there

gave France control of important ports.

4

When President Thomas Jefferson took office in

1801, he had a great interest in exploring lands to

the west He knew that the future of his country

depended on control of this territory

As long as Spain controlled the west, Jefferson

was not worried However, Spain’s hold on its

colonies seemed to be slowly slipping Jefferson was

sure that the United States could make a deal with

Spain to gain Louisiana

In 1802, Jefferson received shocking news The

Spanish had handed Louisiana over to the French!

This changed everything At the time, France was

becoming the strongest country in

Europe If the French had plans for

North America, it would be very

hard for the United States to

grow westward

Thomas Jefferson was greatly concerned when Spain handed Louisiana to the French Suddenly, expanding westward became more difficult.

5

In 1803, James Monroe went to Paris to try to buy New Orleans from the French Jefferson told him,

“ all hopes are fixed upon you .”

6

The port of New Orleans in the early nineteenth century was an important trading and shipping center.

7

The Louisiana Purchase

French control of Louisiana gave Jefferson another worry: the Mississippi River The United States and Spain agreed that American settlers could sell their goods in the important port of New Orleans

No one knew what the French would do now that they controlled Louisiana Jefferson feared that they would block American boats from using the port of

New Orleans This would cause damaging economic

results

With that in mind, Jefferson sent James Monroe

to Paris to make a deal with the French Monroe was

to offer to buy New Orleans The U.S government would offer to pay almost nine and a half million dollars for the city

The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size

of the United States.

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When Monroe got to Paris on April 12, 1803,

he was in for a surprise Facing a possible war from

England and other concerns, France was losing

interest in controlling Louisiana The day before

Monroe arrived, the French government had made

an offer to the U.S agent in Paris They said the

United States could have all of Louisiana for the

right price Monroe and the agent signed a treaty

agreeing to buy the entire Louisiana territory The

territory cost the United States only 15 million

dollars

In 1793, Sir Alexander Mackenzie left his mark on a rock in Bella Coda, British Columbia, on the Canadian coast.

Sir Alexander Mackenzie

9

Exploring the New Lands

Jefferson had already made plans to explore the west He wanted to find

an easy water route to the Pacific Ocean He was inspired by the explorations

of Sir Alexander Mackenzie In 1793, the Scottish fur trader had discovered a route through western Canada to the Pacific Mackenzie’s route was

traveled almost all the way by boat Jefferson hoped

to keep British traders from gaining control of the fur trade near the Pacific Coast He also was curious about the plants and animals in the lands west of the Mississippi

Members of the Corps of Discovery included skilled

frontiersmen, hunters, woodcutters, and interpreters

They met with many groups of Native Americans.

10

Jefferson put together a small group named the

Corps of Discovery The group had about thirty men

The journey was to be led by two men who were

already known for their skills in the wilderness:

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

Jefferson had planned for the trip to take

place no matter who owned the territory Now,

the Louisiana Purchase gave the explorers a new

purpose They would map out the country’s new

lands and make contact with Native Americans who

made their homes there Many of these people had

never heard of the United States

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 10

Meriwether Lewis was a U.S army captain

He worked closely with President Jefferson to plan

a westward expedition.

William Clark was a Virginia-born U.S army captain

He was recruited by Lewis to help lead the expedition.

Lewis and Clark led the journey west.

11

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 11

The journey west spanned thousands of miles It began in

St Louis, on the Mississippi River, and led to the Pacific Ocean

and back.

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St Louis

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St Louis Expedition

sets out, May 1804.

Mandan villages

Travelers make winter camp, 1804–1805.

Shoshone villages

Sacagawea greets her brother, August 1805

Near present-day

Astoria, Oregon

Expedition reaches

Pacific Ocean,

November 1805

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United States in 1803

Louisiana Purchase

Westward route of Lewis

and Clark, 1804–1805

Return route, 1806

12

The explorers planned to follow the Missouri

River as far west as they could and then find a way

to the Pacific Ocean In the fall of 1803, the Corps

of Discovery arrived at St Louis, on the Mississippi

River near the point where the Missouri and

Mississippi Rivers join They spent the winter near

there They collected and sorted supplies and worked

at becoming fit for the tough journey ahead The

following spring, the explorers ventured out.

The Corps of Discovery met with many Native American leaders on their journey.

13

In early August, the explorers came across members of the Oto, a group of Native Americans

Lewis gave a speech explaining that the French and Spanish no longer ruled their land They would now

be part of the United States The Oto leader thanked Lewis for his speech, and Lewis gave him gifts The speech was repeated each time the explorers met

a new group of Native Americans

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 13

The expedition spent the winter at the Mandan villages

along the Missouri River.

Near the end of October, the explorers came to

a group of villages that belonged to the Mandan

people The villages were on the Great Bend of the

Missouri River in what is now North Dakota Here,

they suffered the long winter In his diary, Clark

scrawled that the temperature was 45 degrees below

14

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 14

zero on a bitter December day The Mandan gave the explorers a warm place to spend the winter

The explorers made friendly contact with many Native Americans in the west, including the Shoshone, the Nez Perce, and the Walla Walla They traded

horses, food, and other supplies with these people

15

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 15

In the summer of 1805, the explorers ran into

a huge barrier, the Rocky Mountains It took two

months to cross the mountains and find another

river to follow to the Pacific

In November, they finally reached the Pacific

Ocean The team spent a cold, rainy winter in what

is now Oregon On March 23, 1806, they turned east

and headed home

16

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 16

The Corps of Discovery had to cross the rugged Bitterroot Range, which is part of the Rocky Mountains.

17

The Louisiana Purchase was a big step toward making this country what it is today It opened up new lands and erased a foreign power from the map

of North America The Lewis and Clark expedition inspired Americans to look west for their future These key events in our history also came with problems

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 17

Settlers traveled up and down rivers

on flatboats loaded with freight.

18

Native Americans and the West

It didn’t take long for people in the East to begin

moving west On their return trip down the Missouri

River, Lewis and Clark met traders with boats loaded

with freight, hoping to trade with Native Americans

in the new territory

As it turned out, however, Native Americans had

an uneasy relationship with the settlers

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 18

The U.S government promised land to Native Americans.

19

The Native Americans packed up their homes.

20

Many hoped that Native American tribes and

settlers would coexist peacefully Unfortunately, by

the late 1820s, the government started a policy of

keeping Native Americans separated from settlers

They did this by using land gained in the Louisiana

Purchase

Beginning in 1830, many tribes were forced off

their homelands in the south They were marched

westward to a new “Indian Territory” west of the

Mississippi River, in what is now Oklahoma Areas

such as this came to be called reservations

This also affected the Native Americans already

living in the territory Settlers began moving into the

area, but this land was not vacant Native Americans

lived and hunted there As new settlements grew,

Native Americans were forced from their homes

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 20

Native Americans, forced to leave their lands

in the east, made their long and difficult journey to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma.

21

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 21

This situation caused fighting between the new

settlers and local Native Americans To resolve the

conflict, the government and Native American

nations signed treaties setting aside certain lands for

the settlers and other lands for the Native Americans

The treaties promised that Native Americans

would have their lands forever This didn’t happen

Instead, more settlers arrived to overrun the tribal

lands, causing more conflict

Within a hundred years of Lewis and Clark’s

expedition, the Native American groups these men

had met were all forced onto reservations

The reservations made up only a small

part of the lands on

which they once

lived Jefferson’s

hopes for peace had

died Lewis and Clark

unknowingly opened

up the west for one

group of people and

closed it for another

The choices Thomas

Jefferson made in his first

years as president forever

changed the United States’

shape, size, and history

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 22

A pioneer family moves all of their belongings in a wagon going west.

23

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 23

Glossary

to money, business, and

trade

goods

condition of being free

from the control of

another country

through quickly

and sloppily

something risky, often related to travel

13575_001-024_FSD.indd 24

Reader Response

1 Based on Lewis and Clark’s travels, what do you think

early trips to the west were like?

2 Describe three ways the Louisiana Purchase changed

the United States and Native Americans Use the graphic organizer below to organize your ideas and then make one statement from your information

3 On page 20, how can the prefix co- help you figure

out the meaning of the word coexist? List and define three more words with the prefix co- Use the words

in sentences

4 What do you think might have happened if Napoleon

did not allow the United States to buy the Louisiana Territory? Explain your answer

Statement:

Change: