Sử dụng mạo từ xác định THE definite article khi người nghe biết được thứ mà người nói đề cập bởi vì: Nó đã được đề cập trước đó: We stayed in an old hotel in a small town near Naples
Trang 1HCMC University of Technology VOCABULARY + GRAMMAR
GLOSSARY:
1 subway (n)
underground/ tube (n)
2 crossroads (n)
3 crossing (n)
to cross (v)
4 playground (n)
5 police station (n)
6 roundabout (n)
7 town hall (n) tòa thị chính
8 monument (n)
=landmark
9 local council
10 directly (adv)
direct (a)
# indirectly (adv)
directness (n)
12 faraway (a)
13 ignore (v)
ignorance (n)
14 brief (v)
15 keen ~ on doing sth/ to do sth (v)
16 selfish (a)
selfishness (n)
18 dusty (a)
19 admit (v)
admission (n)
20 troublemaker (n)
22 charge (v)
24 delay (v)
25 cycle lane (n)
26 rail line (n)
27 mosque ( n) nhà thờ hồi giáo
28 licence/ license (n)
29 adventure (n)
30 divert (v)
31 route (n)
32 consult (v)
33 reputation (n)
good/ bad reputation
34 dishonest (a)
# honest (a)
Trang 2HCMC University of Technology VOCABULARY + GRAMMAR
PRACTICE:
Complete the sentences with the given words from the list:
1 I'm ……… to hear you're feeling better
2 If the pain continues, ……… your doctor
3 He ……… telling her the news, waiting for the right moment
4 He gave the waiter a generous ………
5 The restaurant ……… £20 for dinner
6 I'm older and ……… after ten years in the business
7 He ……… all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette
8 I waved and she ……… the road towards me
9 He gave a ……… introduction about the course before starting the lesson
10 I wasn't too ……… on going to the party
11 The company enjoys a world-wide ……… for quality of design
12 You must ……… that it all sounds very strange
13 All flights have been ……… because of bad weather
14 A police station is a place where we ……… a crime
15 I'm ……… in you—I really thought I could trust you!
GRAMMAR:
ARTICLES: A/ AN/ THE
“A” và “AN” sử dụng cùng với danh từ số ít đếm được
o a book, an orange, a milk, an information
“A” đứng trước những từ bắt đầu là phụ âm, “AN” đứng trước những từ bắt đầu là nguyên âm
o a pen, an interesting book
Chú ý: phụ âm và nguyên âm trong trường hợp này không tính theo mặt chữ mà tính theo cách phát âm
Ví dụ: hour /ˈaʊə(r)/ an hour
Sử dụng mạo từ bất định A/ AN: (Indefinite articles)
Cho lần đầu tiên đề cập
We stayed in an old hotel in a small town near Naples
Một người hoặc 1 vật bất kì của 1 loại/ loài (đi với danh từ đếm được):
Trước danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp, chức vụ:
Mr Johnson is a sale manager
Sử dụng mạo từ xác định THE (definite article) khi người nghe biết được thứ mà người nói đề cập bởi vì:
Nó đã được đề cập trước đó:
We stayed in an old hotel in a small town near Naples The town was nice, but we didn’t like the hotel
Chỉ có 1 thứ đang hiện diện:
Trang 3HCMC University of Technology VOCABULARY + GRAMMAR
Can you turn the light on?
Mệnh đề hay cụm từ được sử dụng làm cho nghĩa của vật đề cập rõ ràng hơn:
The dance music that they played at the party was terrible
Nói về vật duy nhất trên thế giới (tên biển, song, rạp hát, …)
Tên các Đảng chính trị, tên tàu thủy, tên các ban nhạc:
The Beatles was an international famous British pop group
The Titanic sank on its first voyage across the Atlantic in 1912
She’s a long-life member of the Republic Party
The + adjective Noun in plural forms để nói về 1 nhóm người cụ thể trong xã hội:
The young, the old, the poor, the rich, the unemployed, the deaf, …
The homeless really need help from the government and all of us
Không sử dụng mạo từ:
Nói về những thứ chung chung, đại diện cho 1 nhóm/ 1loại nào đó (đi với danh từ không đếm được)
Một số cụm giới từ nhất định:
Tên riêng châu lục, quốc gia, thành phố hoặc một số tên địa danh khác
Chú ý: Có 1 số tên nước mang “THE”: The Philippines, The United Kingdom, The United States, The
United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands, …
PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Fill “A”/”AN” or the in the blanks IF NECESSARY:
A I’m going to (1)……… ….work and I can see that today is (2)………… ……… nice day (3)
……… … sun shines in the blue sky and gives (4) ………….………earth lots of light I hope this will continue till the end of (5)………… …… day
B When I went to (1)………… ……school by (2)……… bike yesterday, I saw (3)……….…man
and (4)………… …… woman (5)……… man was shouting at (6)………woman
C My sister has two children: (1)……….……… son and (2)………… daughter (3) ………… … son
is a student He likes to play music with (4)…….……… MP3 player (5)……… daughter is very small She often plays with (6)……… …….ball
D There was (1)……… ……… cat and (2)……….….…dog in my house (3)……….cat is very
big, but (4)………… dog is very small Every time I go (5)… ……….home from work, I buy some food for them
E (1)……….food in Laos was quite strange Most days, we had (2)…………spicy noodles for
(3)………… breakfast – sometimes with (4)………egg on top
F I saw (1)………accident this morning (2)……….car crashed into (3)………tree
(4)……….driver of (5)………car wasn’t hurt, but (6)………car was badly damaged
Trang 4HCMC University of Technology VOCABULARY + GRAMMAR
Exercise 2: Put in “THE” WHERE NECESSARY:
1 I haven’t been to the cinema for ages
2 I lay down on ………… ground and looked up at ……… sky
3 She spends most of her free time watching ……… television
4 ……….television was on but nobody was watching it
5 Have you had ……….dinner yet?
6 Mary and I arrived at ………same time
7 You’ll find ……….information you need at ……… top of page 15
8 Peru is a country in ………South of America ………capital is Lima
9 What ……….longest river in ……… world?
10 The man is in ………prison He went to………prison two years ago His wife goes to
………… prison to visit him every month
11 The weather was awful We stayed at ………….home all weekend
12 Vicky’s parents are religious They go to ……….church every Sunday
13 Is the fact that ……… rich get richer and ………poor get poorer always true?
14 These children go to ………… school on……….foot every day
15 Is this ………… book you told me about?
Exercise 3: Correct the mistakes in the sentences below IF ANY:
1 I have never tried English food
………
2 We hired a boat and sailed down Nile
………
3 I usually come to school by the train
………
4 Our friends have the lovely cottage in the Black Forest
………
5 The train service from my town to the capital is great
………
6 I’m meeting one friend of mine later
………
7 One day I’d love to try and climb the Mount Everest
………
8 My father is pilot, so he’s away from home a lot
………
9 The happiness is more important than money
………
10 We missed the last train into the city, so we had to get a taxi to our hotel
………
11 I don’t like the eggs I don’t know why I just don’t
………
12 I can’t drink the coffee they sell in the café round the corner
………
13 I can’t stand music my parents listen to
………
14 I really love the dance music
………
15 We rented a small flat near the city centre
………
Trang 5HCMC University of Technology VOCABULARY + GRAMMAR
QUANTIFIERS: MANY, MUCH, A LOT OF/ LOTS OF, (A) FEW, (A) LITTLE, SOME, NO, ANY
1 SOME + countable nouns (plural)/ uncountable nouns:
- Thường được dùng trong câu khẳng định
There is some milk left in the fridge
- Dùng trong câu hỏi khi ta mong câu trả lời là YES
Have you got some money?
- Dùng trong câu yêu cầu, lời mời, đề nghị:
Would you like some water?
How about going out for some drink?
2 ANY + countable nouns (plural)/ uncountable nouns:
- Dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn
There weren’t any students in the class when I came
Have you got any money? Could I borrow some?
- Dùng trong mệnh đề khẳng định trước danh từ số ít hoặc sau các từ phủ định như never, hardly,
without, …(bất cứ)
You can catch any bus from here They all go to the downtown
We would be grateful for any help
He passed the exam without any difficulty
There’s hardly any food left after the meal
3 MANY + countable nouns (plural), MUCH + uncountable nouns:
- Thường dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn, câu khẳng định trong văn viết trang trọng, câu cấu trúc
There…
Do you know many people here?
I didn’t give him much information about you
There are many people in the street these days
Many people believe that car use should be limited
4 FEW/ A FEW + countable nouns (plural), LITTLE/ A LITTLE + uncountable nouns
- Dùng trong câu khẳng định
- (very) Few, (very) little (ít) mang nghĩa phủ định, chỉ số lượng rất ít, ít hơn mong đợi
He’s unhappy because he has few friends here
Hurry up! There is little time
- A few/ A little: (một vài, một ít) mang nghĩa khẳng định, chỉ 1 số lượng nhỏ
I have a few friends here, so I don’t feel lonely
He spoke a little English, so we could understand him
- Chú ý: sau much, many, few, little có thể dùng TOO và SO để nhấn mạnh mức độ
We bought so many things that we couldn’t carry them all
There’re too few trains running
5 A LOT OF/ LOTS OF + countable nouns (plural)/ uncountable nouns
- Thường sử dụng trong câu khẳng định
There were a lot of/ lots of people at the party
My nephew received lots of/ a lot of lucky money during Tet holiday
6 NO = NOT … ANY
There are not any people waiting for the bus = There are no people waiting for the bus
There isn’t any water in the bottle = There is no water in the bottle
Trang 6HCMC University of Technology VOCABULARY + GRAMMAR
PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Complete the sentence with ONE word in each gap:
1 It doesn’t cost ……… money to take a taxi here
2 I fainted because I’d eaten so ………food
3 There aren’t ……… things to do here
4 There was so ………noise in the room that I couldn’t hear what anyone was saying
5 He can’t give……….information yet – only the date of the course He needs to speak
to a ……… people first
6 There’s a ……… of anger about the train strike
7 ……… anyone cycles here It’s too dangerous
8 There are……… parking facilities here You have to drive to the theater nearby
9 We didn’t take ………luggage with us We just bring necessary things
10 Could you give me ………information about places of interest in the town?
Exercise 2: Correct the mistakes if any:
1 There weren’t a lot of people at the party
………
2 It’s a problem when there are very many people
………
3 It seems to me that we haven't had much assignments in English this term
………
4 Also, I've paid very a little attention to how much rain we've had
………
5 I'm afraid it's rained few times this summer, and that is why the grass is turning brown and dying
Farmers are very upset
………
6 They said that just a much help could make a big difference
………
7 I didn't use lots of fertilizer last spring, and that has made a difference
………
8 There isn’t no expensive furniture in the room
………
9 I think he drank many wine last night
………
10 Some information proved to be outdated
………
11 Although there are a few brilliant students in this state - thousands, even, only a few will choose to
remain in the state after graduation
………
12 How many does it cost you to buy these things?
………
13 Let’s go out for much coffee
………
14 He’s eaten so much candy that he’s got an upset stomach
………
15 You can choose any many question to answer
………