Cau 2: 3,0 diem Di doc da't nuac vai tam nguyen tim hieu nguon coi bang trai nghif m ciia chinh minh, chang trai Viet kieu Tran Hung John co mot nhan xet: Phan nhieu nguai Vi^t Nam co
Trang 1DAM NANG LUYEN THI DAI HOC
Chuyen de 1: CAC DANG DE THI CAU 5 DIEM
Chuyen de 2 : DANG DE SO SANH VA CAU TRUC BAI LAM
Chuyen de 3 : CAU H6| 2 DIEM TRONG KY THI DAI HQC - CAO DANG Chuyen de 4: NGH! LUAN XA HOI
Bien soan theo cau true de thi nncfi nhat cua Bo GD& DT
Danh cho hpc sinh khol 1 2 on tap thi vao cac tracing DH-CD H Danh cho glao vien day luyen thi Tot Nghiep & DH-CD
i i MHA XIJAT BAN DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI
Trang 2LOINOIDAU
^ Cdc em hqc sinh than men!
Cuon sach nay duQC bien soan theo cau triic de thi D H - CD moi nha't cua
Bp Giao dye va Dao tao
Sach gom 4 chuyen de (Tuong ling voi 3 cau hoi):
* Chuyen del:Cac dang de thi cau 5 diem "
Chuyen de 2: Dang de so sanh va cau true bai lam
Chuyen de 3: Cau hoi 2 diem trong ky thi Dai hpc - Cao dang
Chuyen de 4: Nghi luan xa hpi
Chuyen de cau 2 diem (cac cau hoi giao khoa ve van hqc sit va cac cau hoi
lien quan den bai hpc Chuyen de cau 3 diem (la cac dang de va each lam bai
Nghj luan xa hoi) Chuyen de cau 5 diem, chuyen de So sanh (la cac dang de
phong phii t u Van h<?c lop 11 den lop 12: phan tich gia tri ngi dung va ngh^
thuat trong tac pham, phan tich hinh tugng nhan vat, phan tich chung minh
mQt nhan djnh, dac bif t la dang de so sanh dang lam kho hoc sinh nhu hi^n
nay) Tat ca duoc bien soan theo hinh thuc "Huong dan viet chi tiet mpt bai
van" rat don gian, khoa hoc, va de hieu
Cau true cua sach du^c trinh bay theo timg don vj bai hQC (doi voi cau 2
diem va cau 5 diem) Nguoi bien soan da bam sat chuong trinh va sach giao
khoa moi va tinh than doi moi each ra de thi D H - CD Nam bat dugc dieu do,
nguoi viet da thiet ke h? thong cau hoi va huong dan giai mot each doi moi
khae voi cac cuon sach dang c6 mat tren thi truong Thyc tedi thi D H - CD thi
de thi cua Bp Giao Due cCing khong ra ngoai chuong trinh sach giao khoa Va
vi vay, neu ehiing ta nam chae va on tap that ky nhirng npi dung trong cuon i
sach nay hpc sinh eung co the lam dupe 7 den 8 diem mon Van
Hi vpng cuon sach nay se la nguoi ban tot, co the cimg cac em di tren con
duong hpc tap, va ty tin den voi giang duong Dai hpc - Cao dSng
Tran trpng cam on quy dong nghi^p va cac em hpc sinh da gop y cho toi
trong qua trinh bien soan
Tac gia
Nha sach Khang Vi?t xin tran trqitg giai thi$u tai Quy dgc gia va xin
idng nghe rtiQi y kien dong gop, decudh sach ngdy cdng hay hon, botch hem
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' P E L A M D l / O C M Q T B A I T H I D A I H O C - C D D A T D I E M 7, 8, 9
I D 6 I L O I T A M HUYfiT Cac em hpc sinh than men!
Hpc van la hpc ca tam hon nghia la mo rpng tarn hon minh de don nhan thong diep cua nha van Nguoi hpc van la nguoi vua don nhan vua phat di thong diep ay Vi vay, hpc van doi hoi phai co tam hon
Viec hpc tap mon Ngit van thuc ra khong kho Tren lop chii y nghe giang,
ghi chep npi dung quan trpng cua bai giang ma thay co giao da truyen dat Tho thi can nam npi dung va nghe thuat Van xuoi thi can nSm dan chung, cac chi tiet nghe thuat, tinh huong truyen, hinh tupng nhan vat, but phap ngh^ thuat ciia tac gia Nam vCrng dupe cai cot loi ciia tac pham roi thi bat dau tap viet cam nhan, phan tich Mot bai van do minh viet ra la mot dua con tinh than Moi mot nguoi hpc sinh la mot nha tieu phe binh van hpc Vi vay can co tu duy
ve van chuong va nang lue cam nhan Mot bai van tot la dap ung dung va du yeu cau ciia de bai; ket cau ro rang, hop ly, co tinh he thong; phan tich thuye't phue, hap dan, co tinh van chuong va tinh than sang tao Sang tao 6 day la tim toi va kham pha ra nhung chieu sau chua noi het ciia tac pham Muon vay, phai van dung nhiing kien thuc ve ly luan van hpc mot each thich hpp (so sanh tac pham nay voi tac pham kia, nhan vat nay nhan vat np de tao nen chieu sau cua bai viet; tim dpc mpt nhan dinh sac sao, nhiing y kien ve tac pham ciia
nhiing nha van, nha tho, nha phe binh van hpc) T u do ket hpp voi cam xiic
chu quan cua minh thi se nhao nan ra dupe mpt bai van thuye't phuc
Nghj luan xa hpi thi can co von song, kinh nghi^m song, phai dpc nhieu bao chi, sach v6 de co tu lieu thuc te Bai van nghj luan xa hpi hay la bai van co von
song, CO su hieu biet xa hpi, biet phan bift diing sai, phai trai, biet rut ra cho
minh bai hpc Cung thong qua bai van nghj luan xa hpi ay ma dieu chinh hanh
vi ciia minh cho phii hpp voi hoan canh
Cuoi cung la vi^c hpc van suy cho ciing eung la hoan thien nhan each va mo rpng long nhan Nguoi hpc van phai co nhi>ng rung cam truoc cupe doi, rung cam truoc moi cau tho, cau van Khi viet ciing nhu khi dpc can de chp tam hon minh rung len nhu spi day dan Tam hon ma nhu canh dieu no gio se viet van hay hon, bay bong hon, loi van d?p hon, mupt hon Vi vay, hpc van la hpc Nhan Van Can phat huy cai Nhan Van ciia minh khong chi trong bai lam ma
con la suy nghl, ung xu, hanh dpng d^p voi mpi nguoi xung quanh j , i
I I P H l / O N G P H A P O N T A P , i M f '
1 Chia cac tac pham theo timg giai do^n de on tap - t (, ; JIL O
- C h i a r a V a n l l , Vanl2theotunggiaidoannhusau: • v ' i i ' J '
Trang 3a Van hpc lop 11 thi c6:
- Van hpc Lang man gom: Truy^n lang man: Chu nguoi tu tu - Nguyen
Tuan, Hai dua tre - Thach Lam); Tho lang man c6: Voi vang - Xuan Di^u, Day
thon VI Da - Han Mac Tit, Trang giang - Huy Can, Tuong tu - Nguyen Binh
(nang cao)
- Van hpc hi^n thyc phe phan c6: Chi Pheo - Nam Cao, Hanh phiic aia
mot tang gia (trich So Do - Vu Trong Phung) Doi thira - Nam Cao (Nang cao)
- Kjch: VTnh biet ciru triing dai
- Van hpc Cach mang gpm: Chieu toi, Lai Tan cua Ho Chi Minh; Tu ay
ciia To Huu
b Van hpc lop 12 gom:
- Van hpc chong Phap 1945 - 1954: Tuyen ngon dpc lap - Ho Chi Minh,
Tay Tien - Quang Dung, Vi^t Bhc - To Huai, Vp chong A Phu - To Hoai, Vp
n h a t - K i m L a n
- Van hpc xay dtmg CNXH 1955 - 1960: Tieng hat con tau - Che Lan Vien
(nang cao), Nguoi lai do Song Da - Nguyen Tuan
- Van hpc chong My 1961 - 1975: Dat Nuoc - Nguyen Khoa Diem, Rung
xa nu - Nguyen Trung Thanh, Nhiing diia con trong gia dinh - Nguyen Thi,
Song - Xuan Quynh
- Tho van sau 1975: Kjch "Hon Truong Ba da hang thjt" - Luu Quang Vu,
Mot nguoi Ha Noi - Nguyen Khai (nang cao), Chie'c thuyen ngoai xa - Nguyen
Minh Chau, Ai da dat ten cho dong song - Hoang Phu Ngoc Tuong, Dan ghita
cua Lorca - Thanh Thao
2 Dpc ky tac pham, nam dirpc phong each tac gia
- Tac gia thi can nam dupe: phong each nghe thuat, tac pham do trich tu
tap nao, ra doi trong hoan canh ra sao?
- Tho thi thupc long Hpc va co nho dupe nhiing cau tho hay Thupc them
mpt so cau tho ngoai tac pham nhung c6 ciing npi dung de lam dan chiing
minh hpa them cho bai lam
"<'-i^ Van xuoi thi dpc ky, n§m npi dung, tom tat dupe cau ehuy^n, nam dupe
cac chi tiet nghe thuat
3 thong cac y chinh trong bai hpc theo so do tu duy
- Tho thi nam npi dung tung doan
- Van xuoi nam dupe dac diem eua tung nhan vat hoac gia tri tac pham
- Thupc long dan ehiVng
4 Tham khao de thi va dap an ciia Bp Giao D\ic tu nam 2009 den nay
^ - Mue dich la tim hieu cac dang de thi, cau true de thi Dpc ky tung dap
an, soi tung Barem diem, tu do hpc each l^p dan y, each xac l^p lugn diem
- Tham khao thuong xuyen qua cac nam con giiip ta nhan ra dupe huong
ra de ciia Bp de tu do biet huong on tap cho hi?u qua Tranh 161 hpc tran lan, tham kien thuc
- Tu tim de thi tren cac trang web uy tin hoac xin de thi t u cac giao vien Ngii van roi ty lam bai Lam cang nhieu thi cang len tay Dung nan Lam xong nho thay c6 chain bai
- Co gang khi viet bai dung co viet cho hay ma co vie't cho diing, dii dap
an Sau do tap dien dat cho troi chay Sau khi thanh cong cac khau do roi thi tap viet 16i van cho mupt, cho bong bay, trau ehuot
- Mpt bai thi D H dat diem cao khong hSn la viet hay ma can viet dung, dien dat troi chay, co npi dung la da diem cao
in cAcH L A M T C T N G C A U
1 Phan bo thoi gian hpp ly *
- Lap dan y: 10 phut
- Caul:10phut
- Cau 2: 60 phiit , ^
- Cau 3:100 phiit : n
* Ngay thi nho mang dong ho de can thoi gian ma lam bai cho hpp ly
* Khong ra khoi phong thi som ma co gSng ngoi cho trpn thoi gian Co khi chinh liic do chung ta se sua dupe nhiing sai sot cua minh
* It nhat phai viet dupe 2 to giay doi tro len
2 Cau true de thi thuong co hai phan la:
Phan I Phan bit bupc
1 Cau 1 (2.0 diem): Dang de va each lam '*
a Thuong co cac dang de sau:
- Van hpc su: Lop 11: tu dau the ky XX den nam 1945; Lop 12: Tu 1945 den het the ky XX
- Cac tac gia: Xuan Dieu, Nam Cao, Ho Chi Minh, To HCru, Nguyen Tuan
- Hoan canh ra doi tac pham; y nghia nhan de; cau de tir
if '
- Npi dung va nghe thuat •
- Cac chi tiet ngh^ thuat trong tac pham (hay ra nhat) V •
b Cach lam bai:
De dat diem trpn ven cau 2 diem, truoc het nam viing kien thuc bai hpc
Tho thi nam dupe npi dung ngh| thuat Van xuoi thi nam dupe cac chi tiet trong tac pham Khi lam bai can ngan gpn, sue tich, du y (hoi gi dap nay
Trang 4k h o n g Ian man dai dong) Xem t h u cau hoi c6 may y Neu cau hoi nhieu y thi
nen chia y (a) y (b) Khong dugc gach dau dong k h i l a m bai Co the viet
thanh m p t bai van c6 m a bai, than bai, ket bai
V i dv 1: Cau noi ciia cu M e t : "Chung no da cam sung, minh phdi cam gido"
duQC noi trong hoan canh nao ? Y nghia cua cau noi ay ?
Tra 16i: Phan in dam la khong the thie'u
a Cau noi cua cii Met: "Chung no da cam sung, minh phdi cam gido" dupe
noi trong hoan canh: T n i i ve tham lang, cu M e t ke chuy^n cuoc d o i anh Ngay
ay, giac k h i i n g bo gat gao, bon giac bat vqi con ciia T n i i ra de u y hiep T n i i va
dan lang T n i i tay k h o n g ra ciiu vg- con n h u n g khong kip T n i i b i giac bat Bi
dot m u a i dau ngon tay Cu M e t va thanh nien lang xong ra tieu di?t bpn giac
ac on ciiu T n i i
b Y nghia ciia cau noi do:
Cau n o i ciia gia lang M e t la cau noi dupe diic r i i t t u cupc d a i b i trang ciia
Tnii va t u thuc te dau tranh ciia dong bao X6 M a n noi rieng va dan tpc Tay
Jsfguyen noi chung Giac da d i i n g bao luc phan each mang de dan ap nhan dan
ta t h i ta phai d u n g bao luc each mang de dap tan bao luc phan each mang Con
d u a n g cam v u k h i de dap tra ke thu la con d u a n g d i den t u do, con d u o n g giai
phong dan tpc Qua cau chuyen cupc d o i T n i i nha van N g u y e n T r u n g Thanh
da l a m sang to chan ly each mang ay
Thuc te, k h i chua cam v u k h i danh giac, dan lang X6 M a n chiu nhieu mat
mat: anh X i i t b i giac treo c6, ba N h a n bi chat dau, m? con M a i b i giet bang tran
m u a roi sat, T n i i b i dot cyt m u a i dau ngon tay B6i vay, con d u a n g cam v u
k h i de dap tra ke t h u la tat yeu
Vi dv 2: Trong tuy but Nguai Idi do Song Dd (NgU van 12, Tap mot, NXB
Gido due Vi$t Nam, 2013),Nguyen Tuan tung nhin "Song Dd nhu mot c6
nhan". Nguoi "c6 nhan" c6 tinh net nhu the nao? Cach vi von nay c6 y
nghia gi?
Irk 16i: Phan in dam la khong the thie'u
a, Trong tuy but Nguai Idi do Song Dd, Nguyen Tuan timg nhin "Song Dd
nhu mot conhdn". Nguoi "co nhan" ay c6 tinh net: Co n h u n g t i n h net that
thuong: l a m c h i i n g l a m b f n h , choc d i u dang day, roi choc lai hkn tinh va gat
gong thac l u ngay day
b, Cach vi von nay c6 y nghia:
Cach so sanh, v i v o n ay lam cho h i n h tu(?ng song Da h i f n len n h u m p t con
nguai, cu the n h u m o t c6 gai c6 ca tinh manh; qua do nha van n h a m lam noi
bat ve d?p gpi cam ciia song Da
6
Cach so sanh, v i v o n ay cung da giiip the hien tinh cam gin ho dac bi^t ciia
nha van d o i v a i con song Da T i n h yeu thien nhien va con n g u a i Tay Bac da mang den cho N g u y e n Tuan n h i i n g trang viet tai hoa
Day la each v i v o n doc dao day chat tao hinh, xuat phat t u m p t nang luc lien t u o n g phong tiing, gop phan tao nen sue hap dan ciia trang viet T u do
n g u o i dpc them hieu va them yeu trang van N g u y e n Tuan va dong song Da hung bao trO tinh
2 Cau 2 (3.0 diem): Dang de N g h i luan xa h p i (dpc k y chuyen de N L X H 6
a Can nam dupe dang bai n g h i luan xa hpi: ^i^'.'oW^f^'if'''^
-Trong n h i i n g nam gan day Bp Giao due va Dao tao l u o n ra de t h i tot nghiep m o n Ngi> van theo h u d n g m o nham danh gia dupe nang luc va phan loai t r i n h dp ciia hoc sinh, nhat la a mang cau hoi n g h i luan xa hpi Dieu nay cung giiip hpc sinh c6 kha nang van d u n g dupe nhijTig hieu biet thuc te vao bai viet ciia m i n h T u y nhien, nhieu nam qua, van c6 hien t u a n g t h i sinh lam
xa de, lac de, Ian man, V i vay, vi^c xac d i n h kieu dang de t h i nghi luan la rat can thiet, tranh cho t h i sinh d i lac h u d n g va lam sai de M u o n vay, m o i t h i sinh phai dpc ky de bai, chii y n h u n g t u n g i i de nhan kieu, dang bai van Thong
thuong, ta de h\t gap 2 kieu, dang de do la: nghj luan ve mpt t u tuang dao ly
va nghi luan ve m p t hi?n t u p n g d o i song xa hpi Can phan b i f t n h u sau:
- H i ^ n t u p n g d o i song: day la dang de mang tinh t h a i su, ban ve m p t van
de, m p t hien t u a n g c6 tinh xa hpi (hoac tot, hoac xau) dang dien ra xung quanh cupc song ciia chiing ta Chang han n h u : tai nan giao thong, bao luc hpc duong, nan khoe than tren mang ciia n u sinh, tao scandal de noi tieng ciia giai tre hi^n nay Phan m a bai, can giai thi^u h i f n tuang d a i song can nghi luan Phan than bai, can trien khai cac d i e m sau: neu thuc trang ciia hi?n t u p n g doi song: h$ qua tac dong (rich cue, tieu eye) ciia hi?n t u p n g , thai dp ciia con
n g u o i va xa hpi d o i v a i hien tupng, ly giai nguyen nhan dan den hien tupng
do (nguyen nhan chii quan, khach quan), dua ra giai phap de giai quyet hi^n tijong dai song Phan ket bai can khai quat lai van de dang nghj luan dong thod bay to thai dp ciia ban than ve hien t u p n g d o i song can nghi luan
- T u t u o n g d^o l y : t h u o n g ban ve mpt quan diem, m p t t u t u a n g (nhan van hoac phan nhan van) n h u : long d i i n g cam, long khoan dung, thoi v 6 cam, v6 h-ach n h i ^ m Dau hi^u de nhan biet kieu de nay t h u o n g la n h u n g cau noi true tiep de trong ngoac kep ciia cac nha t u tuang, cac danh nhan noi tieng hay la m p t cau tho, m p t y kien trich dan trong tac p h a m van hpc,
Chang han n h u : "Su cau tha trong bai cu nghe gi cung la mot su bai luang" (Doi thua - N a m Cao) Hoac "Neu thay mot gia dinh hqnh phuc ban hay tin rang
trong ngdi nha do co mot nguai dan ba biet hi sinh" (Rene Bazin)
Trang 5b Can n i m dvtgc bo eye c h u n g cua t u n g dang de:
- Dpc k y chuyen de 4 trong sach nay de nSm dugc bo'cue chung
c Lvru y k h i l a m b a i :
- T h u o n g dang de nghi l u ^ n xa hoi chi gioi han 400 tu cho t h i to't nghi^p
va 600 t u cho t h i Dai Hoc V i vay, bai lam phai that c6 diic, ngan gon, c6 lap
luan chat che, khiic chiet, ro rang Dan chung d u a ra phai that thuyet phuc, c6
sue hap dan v o i n g u a i cha'm Tuy^t doi khong lay n h i r n g dan chung chung
chung n h u anh A, chi B, bac C
- Phan giai thich phai thuyet phuc; phan ban luan phai hgp tinh hgp ly,
khen che ro rang
d C h i i y ve t h a i g i a n :
M p t bai nghj luan xa hpi t h u o n g c6 yeu cau ve so l u g n g cau c h u nen t h i
sinh can phan p h o i l u p n g t h o i gian lam bai sao cho p h u hgp, tranh viet dai
dong, sa vao ke le, giai thich van de khong can thiet Tren ca so dan y, chiing ta
can luyen each vie't va t r i n h bay sao cho ngan gon, mach lac, de hieu va c6 tinh
thuyet phuc cao
Phan II Tyt chpn
Cau 3a (Chuong t r i n h co ban)
Cau 3b ( C h u a n g t r i n h nang cao)
* K h i lam bai, de nao m i n h c6 the lam to't t h i c i i lam, c h u khong ke cau 3a hay
3b Trong truong hgp ca hai cau deu lam dugc n h u nhau thi nen chpn cau 3a
* T u a n t h u cac b u o c l a m cau 5 d i e m n h u sau:
1 Doc k y de
DQC ky de t h i la m p t khau v 6 ciing quan trpng v i no g i i i p chiing ta hieu de,
n ^ m bat dugc yeu cau cua de T u do xac lap n o i d u n g cho bai lam
K h i dpc de t h i can l u u y: gach chan d u a l n h i i n g tir ngu quan trong, tuc la
diem nha'n cua yeu cau de N h u n g t u ngir quan trong do k h i lam bai t h i nho
phai CO trong luan diem m i n h d u a ra
2 Lap dan y cho de b a i
Lap dan y cung la m p t khau rat quan trpng v i n h o lap dan y ma ta kiem
soSt dupe bai l a m cua m i n h Tranh dupe loi viet Ian man, dai dong, lac de va
nha't la de viet k h o n g sot y
D a n y c6 the l a p theo cau t n i c sau: (Sau do viei hai cung phai du cac bu&c nay
thi m&i dung cau true bai lam)
I M o b a i : xac lap yeu cau cua de bai
II T h a n b a i
1 K h a i quat tac gia va tac p h a m :
N e u cho dupe p h o n g each cua tac gia, hoan canh ra d o i tac p h a m , xuat xCt
2 N p i d u n g can p h a n tich, cam n h a n
- Y l Y 2
3 D a n h gia ngh# thuat: nhij'ng yeu to nghe thuat nao da l a m nen thanh cong cua tac p h a m noi chung va nhan vat, doan tho, doan van, chi tie't noi rieng
III Ket b a i : Danh gia chung ve npi d u n g va nghe thuat *
3 M p t so v a n de can l u u y k h i viet cau 5 d i e m
a Yeu cau
- Can nam v u n g npi d u n g kie'n thue tac pham
- Dpc ky de, gach chan d u a l n h u n g t u ngCr quan t r p n g trong de Phai hieu
de t h i dang hoi ta dieu gi?
- Xac d i n h de t h i thupe dang de t h i nao? C h u n g m i n h m p t nhan d i n h hay phan tich m p t hinh tupng, m p t doan tho, m p t bai tho hay so sanh doi chieu
giira cac tac p h a m v o i nhau? ^ j
h Cac buoc l a m b a i giong n h u a phan da lap dan y n h i m g can chti y:
I M a b a i : neu dupe yeu cau cua de bai NghTa la de t h i yeu cau n h u the
nao t h i phai d a n vao van de n h u the Tranh loi viet m o bai ma k h o n g lam noi bat dupe yeu cau cua de
II T h a n b a i
1 K h a i quat ve tac gia, tac pham, xuat x u (Phan nay rat quan trpng vi
trong dap an eiia Bp, hpc sinh l a m tot n h i i n g yeu cau nay se dgt 0,50 diem)
2 N p i d u n g p h a n tich, cam n h ^ n :
- Trong phan npi d u n g cua bai lam, hpc sinh phai xac lap dupe cac luan diem chinh roi t u do dua vao cac thao tac: chung m i n h , b i n h luan, phan tich, cam nhan de l a m ro luan diem
- N e n viet doan van theo 161 dien djch de y dupe ro rang, giam khao cham cung de cho diem Dau m o i luan diem, l i i i b u t vao 2 6 giay de giam khao de nhin bo cue cua m i n h hon ,,
- D o i v o i t h o hay t r u y ^ n t h i phai lay n g h f thuat de p h a n tich phan npi
d u n g (Nha't la phan tich tho)
- K h i hanh van, can tranh n h i r n g cau t u sao rong Can viet that c6 dpng, giong van phai ket hop dupe chat ly luan va suy t u cam xiie
- Tranh gach bo qua nhieu trong bai lam, lam ban bai l a m se gay phan cam cho n g u a i chain , , 1
Trang 6- De tang chieu sau cho bai viet, can c6 su so sanh, doi chieu giQ-a nhan vat
nay, nhan vat kia, tac pham nay, tac pham no Can dua mpt so' ioi phe binh,
nhan dinh van hoc vao trong bai lam Can c6 dan chung them ngoai tac pham
Nhirng yeu to vua noi tren day se lam cho bai van ciia cac em them phong phu
va CO chieu sau, chac chan se dugc giam khao can nhac ma cho diem cao
3 Phan tong ket ngh^ thuat: theo dap an, truac khi ket bai se c6 phan tong
ket ngh| thuat Hoc sinh can c6 danh gia, nhan xet chung ve nghe thuat cua tac
pham (phan nay dap an cho tu 1,00 diem den 1,50 diem)
III Ket bai: danh gia chung ve van de ^,
I V T H A M K H A O D E T H I D H - C D & D A P A N M(3l N H A T C U A B O ^
D E THI T U Y E N SINH DAI H O C N A M 2013
Mon: N G C T VAN; Khoi: D
Thai gian lam bai: 180 phiit, khong ke thai gian phat de
I PHAN CHUNG CHO TAT CA THI SINH (5,0 diem):
Cau 1: (2,0 diem)
Trong tiiy but Nguoi lai do Song Da (Ngir van 12, Tap mot, NXB Giao due
Viet Nam, 2013), Nguyen Tuan timg nhin "Song Da nhu mot co nhan"
Nguoi "co nhan" ay c6 tinh net nhu the nao? Cach vi von nay c6 y nghia gi?
Cau 2: (3,0 diem)
Di doc da't nuac vai tam nguyen tim hieu nguon coi bang trai nghif m ciia
chinh minh, chang trai Viet kieu Tran Hung John co mot nhan xet:
Phan nhieu nguai Vi^t Nam co tinh each thu dong, la nhung nguoi di theo
chu khong phai nguoi tien phong Neu co ai do di truae va thu truoe, toi se
theo sau chu khong bao gio la nguoi dan duong Ap lue xa hoi khien ban phai
di theo con duong da duoe ve san
(John di tim Hung, NXB Kim Dong, 2013, tr.US)
Anh/ehi co dong tinh vai y kien tren khong? Hay trao doi vai Tran Hung
John va bay to quan diem song ciia chinh minh (bai viet khoang 600 tu)
II PHAN RIENG (5,0 diem)
Thi sinh chi dugc lam mpt trong hai cau (cau 3.a hoae eau 3.b)
Cau 3.a Theo chuang trinh Chuan (5,0 diem)
Nhan dinh ve niem khat khao tan huang su song trong bai tha Vpi Vang
eiia Xuan Dieu, timg eo y kien cho rang: do la tieng noi cua cdi toi vi ki tieu cue
Lai CO xj kien khSng dinh: do la tieng noi ciia cdi toi cd nhan tich cue
Tir earn nhan eiia minh ve niem khat khao do, anh/ehi hay binh luan nhimg
y kien tren
i n
Cau 3.b Theo chuong trinh Nang cao (5,0 diem)
Ve nhan vat Phung trong truy^n ngan Chie'c thuyen ngoai xa cua Nguyen
Minh Chau, co y kien cho rSng : net nor bat a ngu&i nghe sy nay Id mot tarn hon nhay
cam va say me cdi dep tha mgng ciia canh vat Y kien khdc thi nhan mqnh: ve dep sau xa ciia nghe st Phiing chinh Id mot torn long day tran tm, lo an vethdn phan con ngu&i
Tu cam nhan ciia minh ve nhan v^t Phung, anh/chi hay binh luan nhung y
kien tren
Het 'TfV> ;
Thi sinh khong duoe si( dung tdi lieu Can bo coi thi khong gidi thich gt them
D A P A N - T H A N G D I E M
1 Tinh net cua nguoi "eonhdn" ma Nguyen Tuan nhac
den trong tuy but Nguai Idi dd Song Dd; y nghia ciia
Co nhCrng tinh net that thuang: Idm chimg lam benh, choc
dm dang day, roi choc lai ban tinh va gat gong thdc in ngay day
0,50
2 Y nghia ciia each vi von (1,5 diem)
- Lam cho hinh tugng song Da hien len nhu mpt con nguoi, eu the nhu mot co gai eo ea tinh manh; nham lam noi bat ve dep ggi cam eiia song Da
- The hien tinh cam gan bo dac bi^t eiia nha van doi vai eon song Da
- Day la each vi von dgc dao day chat tao hinh, xuat phat
tu mot nang lue lien tuong phong tung, gop phan tao nen sue hap dan eiia trang viet
0,50
0,50 0,50
2 Trao doi vai Tran Hung John va bay to quan diem
song ciia minh
- Thu dong la chiu su chi phoi, chi biet lam theo, nghe
theo nguoi khac ma thieu chu dgng sang tao
- Y kien nay muon de cap den tinh each thy dpng, dugc
xem la tinh each eiia phan nhieu nguoi Vi?t Nam, truoc
0,5
11
Trang 7he't la thu dpng trong vi|c lua chpn, dan than, mo 16'i cho
cuoc song cua minh; dong thoi neu ra mot vai bieu hi|n
cung nhu nguyen nhan dan tai tinh each nay
b Trao doi voi Tran Hung John (1,5 diem)
Thi sinh c6 the dong tinh, khong dong tinh, hoac chi
dong tinh phan nao voi y kien cua Tran Hung John Dii
theo khuynh hirong nao thi khi trao doi cung phai c6 h'
le, CO can cu xac dang va c6 thai dp ban luan nghiem tuc,
thien chi
1,5
2 Quan diem song ciia ban than (1,0 diem)
- Tir vi^c trao doi voi y kieh cua John, thi sinh tu de ra
quan diem song cho ban than minh; de ra dupe phuong
huong hanh dpng de thyc hien quan diem song ay
- Thi sinh dupe tu do bay to quan diem song ciia minh,
nhung can phai c6 thai dp chan thanh, nghiem hie, cau
tien
1,0
3a C a m nhan ve niem khat khao tan hudng sv song trong
bai tho Voi vdng va binh luan ve cac y kien
5,0 3a
1 Vai net ve tac gia va tac pham (0,5 diem)
3a
- Xuan Dieu la nha tha Ion ciia phong trao T h a mdi; hon
tho luon khat khao giao cam voi dai va tan huong su
song; phong each tho moi me, dpc dao, giau sue sang
tao, chiu anh huang sau sac ciia van hoc hi^n dai
phuang Tay
- Voi vdng la mpt tac pham dac sac, rat tieu bieu cho
phong each tha Xuan Dif u truoc Cach mang thang Tam;
the hi^n sau sic niem khat khao tan huang su song ciia
cai toi tac gia
0,5
2 Giai thich y kien (0,5 diem)
- Cdi toi la bieu hien cao dp ciia y thue ea nhan, xuat hien
khi eon nguoi eo nhu cau dupe la ehinh minh
- Cdi toi vi ki tieu cue la cai toi nhat nhat chi vi minh, de
cao minh mpt each c\fc doan, bat chap tat ca Cdi toi cd
nhan tick cue la cai toi vai nhihig khat vpng nhan ban
ehinh dang, huong tai nhung gia tri song tot d?p, lanh
manh
0,5
12
3 C a m nhan niem khat khao tan hu6ng su song trong
VQI vdng va binh luan ve hai y kien (4,0 diem)
3.a Cam nhan niem khat khao tan huong sv song (2,5 diem)
- Cai toi bam riet, say sua tan huang ve dep ciia su song tran the; the hif n quan ni?m mai me ve cai d^p, mua xuan, tuoi tre va tinh yeu
- Cai toi nhan thiic dupe su troi chay ciia thoi gian va su ngan ngiii ciia kiep nguoi; do do phai song eo y nghla, tran trpng tung giay pKiit ciia cupe doi bang tam the song vpi vang, cuong quyt
- Cai toi dupe the hien bai su ket hop giira cam xiic irxx
tinh va triet luan, hinh anh tho dpc dao, moi la; ngon ngu tho nhien, sinh dpng; the tho tu do; cau triic cau tho linh hoat; gipng dieu gap gap, soi noi,
1,0
1,0
0,5
3.b Binh luan ve cac y kien (1,5 diem)
- Bac bo y kien cho ring do Id tiengnoi cua cdi toi vi ki tieu cue (0,5 diem)
+ Y kien xuat phat tu quan diem cu, qua coi trpng cai ta
ma coi nhe cai toi, xem mpi tieng noi cua cai toi deu la tieu cue, dong nhat su huong thu ehinh dang ciia eon nguoi voi loi song ea nhan ehii nghia
+ The hien djnh kien hep hoi doi voi y thiic tran qui ban than ciia eon nguoi, dong nhat viec tan huong su song lanh manh, tich cue voi 161 song gap ciia ehii nghia huong lac
su song ciia cai toi 6 bai tho Voi vdng, xem do la bieu
hien manh liet ciia cai toi ea nhan tich cue
+ 6 thoi dai Tho moi, khat khao tan huong su song ciia cai toi ay da eo anh huong tich cue sau sac den y thiie ca nhan, long yeu doi, yeu cupe song ciia con nguoi, dac bi^t la tang lop thanh nien
0,5
0,5
Trang 83b Cam nh|n ve nhan vat Phung trong Chiec thuyen ngodi
xa va binh luan cac y kien
5,0
Vai net ve tac gia va tac pham (0,5 diem)
- Nguyen M i n h Chau la nha van tieu bieu ciia van hoc
Viet N a m thoi chong MT, dong thoi la nguoi m a duang
xua't sac cho cong cuoc doi m a i van hoc t u sau 1975 6
giai doan truoc, ngoi but ciia ong theo khuynh huong su
thi, thoi k i sau chuyen sang cam hung the su v o i nhirng
van de ve dao due va trie't l i nhan sinh; doi m o i ve ngh^
thuat viet truyen
- Chiec thuyen ngodi xa la truyen ngan xua't sSc ciia
Nguyen M i n h Chau trong thoi ki sau Tac pham ke ve
chuyen di thuc te'ciia nghe sT nhiep anh Phung, qua do
the hien each nhin sau sac ciia tac gia ve cuoc song va su
ban khoan ve than phan con nguoi
0,5
Giai thich y kien (0,5 diem)
- Tarn hon nhqy cam va say me cdi dep la kha nang kham
pha, phat hien tinh te va c6 nhung rung dong manh l i ^ t
truoc nhirng ve dep phong phii trong cuoc song
- Tarn Idng tran tra, lo du ve than phan con nguoi la moi
quan tam thuong true va sau nang danh cho nhirng
canh doi kho dau, than phan bat hanh; la phan u n g
truoc nhung nhieu nhuong, ngang trai
Cam nhan ve nhan vat Phung va binh luan ve hai y
kien (4,0 diem)
0,5
3.a Cam nhan ve nhan vat Phung (2,5 diem)
- Mpt tam hon nhay cam va say me cai d?p tho mpng
ciia canh vat (1,0 diem)
+ Nhay ben voi ve dep "troi cho" het sue tho mong ciia
canh vat tren dam pha lang chai; mai me thuong lam, v6
vap nam bat, hao hue ghi vao ong kinh dieu luy^n ciia
minh
+ Niem han hoan ciia kham pha va sang tao tran ngap
tam hon khi chim d3m trong nhCrng suy tuong ve su
thong nhat giOa cai dep va cai thi^n, ve sy tan thien tan
m i ciia nghg thuat va cuoc song
0,5
0,5
- M p t tam long day tran tra, lo au ve than phan con
n g u o i (1,0 diem) + Thai do khi chung kien canh bao lyc ciia gia d i n h hang chai: bat ngo, sung sot, buc xiic; hanh dpng: xong vao can thiep de bao ve nguoi dan ba,
+ Lang nghe, day d u t voi cau chuyen cuoc doi ciia nguoi dan ba hang chai 6 toa an huyen; am anh boi hinh anh va than phan nguoi dan ba hang chai khi tro lai thanh pho; lo au cho tuong lai ciia nhirng nguoi trong cuoc; thay doi han nhan thuc ciia ban than ve cuoc doi
va nghe thuat
- Nghe thuat the hien (0,5 diem) + Phung vua la mot nhan vat trong truy?n, vua la nguoi
ke chuyen tao nen ti'nh da dang ve diem nhin; dupe
k h i e hoa voi doi song npi tam sau sac
+ Nhan vat dupe dat trong hoan canh dac biet: lien tiep doi mat voi hai canh doi trai nguoc, qua do, lam noi bat len cac binh di^n nhan each ciia kieu nhan vat ngh# sT
0,5
0,5
3.b Binh luan ve hai y k i e n (1,5 diem)
- Hai y kien tren de cap den nhirng ve dep khae nhau trong pham chat ciia nghe sT Phiing Y kien t h u nhat nhan manh pham chat hang dau ciia mpt nguoi nghe sT
la tdm Hon nhay cam va say me cdi dep Y kien t h u hai
khSng djnh pham chat sau xa nhat ciia nguoi nghe sT
chan chinh la tam Idng tran tra, lo du ve thdn phan con
ngii'di
- H a i y kien tuy khae nhau nhung khong doi lap ma bo sung cho nhau; hop thanh su nhin nhan toan dien va thong nhat ve pham chat nghe sT ciia Phiing; giiip nguoi dpc nhan thuc sau sac hon ve ve d?p toan v?n ciia nhan vat nay, ciing n h u tham thia hon y tuong nghe thuat ciia nha van
1,0
0,5
iift* y chung: Thi sinh cd the lam bdi theo nhung cdch khdc nhau, chdp nhan cd
nhifng cdch khdc voi ddp an, nhung phdi ddm bao nhung yeu cau vekien thuc Tren
<i&y chi la nhieng y co ban thi sinh can dap ung; viec cho diem cu thetimg cdu can dua vao bdn huong dan chd'm kem theo
15
Trang 9BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO
DE CHINH THLfC
D E THI T U Y E N SINH DAI H O C N A M 2012
Mon: N G C VAN; Khoi: C Then gian lam bai: 180 phut khong ke thoi gian phat de
I PHAN CHUNG CHO TAT CA THI SINH (5,0 diem)
Cau 1 (2,0 diem)
Trong tac pham Ai da dat ten cho ddng song? (Ngu van 12, Tap mot, NXB
Giao due Vi?t Nam, 2011), a phan noi ve thug-ng nguon song Huong, Hoang
Phu Ngoc Tuang da vi ve dep cua dong song nay vai hinh anh hai nguai phu
nu, do la nhung hinh anh nao? Y nghla ciia nhiing hinh anh ay?
Cau 2 (3,0 diem)
"Ke CO hoi thi non nong tao ra thanh tfch, nguoi chan chinh thi kien nhan
lap nen thanh tuu"
Hay viet mot bai van ngan (khoang 600 tir) trinh bay suy nghi ciia anh/chi
ve y kien tren
II PHAN RIENG (5,0 diem)
Thi sinh chi dug-c lam mpt trong hai cau ciia phan rieng (cau 3.a hoac cau 3.b)
Cau 3.a Theo chuong trinh Chuan (5,0 diem)
Cam nhan ve ve dep su thi cua hinh tuong nhan vat Tnu trong tac pham
Rung xa nu aia Nguyen Trung Thanh (Ngii- van 12, Tap hai, NXB Giao due
Viet Nam, 2011)
Cau 3.b Theo chuomg trinh Nang cao (5,0 diem)
Cam nhan ve hai doan tho sau;
Sao anh khong ve choi thon VT?
Nhin nang hang cau nang moi len
i Vuan ai muot qua xanh nhu ngpc
; ^' La true che ngang mat chij- dien
(Day thon V7 Da - Han Mac Tu, Ngu van 11 Nang cao)
Tap hai, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2011, tr.46) Nha em c6 mot gian giau,
Nha anh eo mpt hang cau lien phong
; : *j Thon Doai thi nho thon Dong,
! Cau thon Doai nho giau khong thon nao?
(Tuong tu - Nguyen Binh, Ngu van 11 Nang cao
Tap hai, NXB Giao due Vipt Nam, 2011, tr.56) Het
Thi sinh khong duoc su dung tai lieu Can b6 coi thi khong gidi thich gi them
D A P A N - T H A N G DifiM
1 6 phan noi ve thupng nguon, song Huang dupe vi v6i
hinh knh hai nguoi phy nu nao? Y nghia cua nhung
hinh anh ay?
2,0
1
1 Hinh knh hai nguoi phv nir (0,5 diem)
1
- Co gai Di-gan phong khoang va man dai
- Nguoi mp phu sa ciia mpt viing van hoa xu so
+ Hinh anh c6 gai Di-gan the hien ve dep vua huyen
bi, di> dpi vua ty do, trong sang ciia song Huong giiia long Truong Son - mpt ve dep con day tinh ban nang
+ Hinh anh nguoi me phii sa to dam ve dep dju dang va tri tue ciia song Huong khi ra khoi rung - mpt ve dep eiia su truong thanh mang cot each van hoa
- Ve nghe thuat:
Hinh anh vi von dac sac khien song Huong hien ra nhu
mpt sinh the eo hon cot va lam noi bat dupe nhung net doi eye trong tinh each ciia song Huong; gia tang chat
tru tinh, chat tho cho loi van tuy but
0,5
0,5
0,5
2 Trinh bay suy nghi ve y kien: Ke co hoi thi non nong
tao ra thanh tich, nguoi chan chinh thi kien nhan lap nen thanh tm
3,0
1 Giai thich y kien (0,5 diem)
- Ke CO hoi la nguoi Ipi dung thai co de muu cau Ipi ich
truoc mat, bat ke vipe lam diing hay sai; nguoi chan
chinh la nguoi luon biet song diing vdi thuc chat va
phu hpp voi nhuTig gia tri xa hpi; thanh tich la nhung
ket qua dupe danh gia tot; thanh tuu la nhung thanh
qua CO y nghia Ion, dat dupe sau mpt qua trinh ben bi
phan dau
- Ve npi dung, y kien nay chi ra su doi lap ve 161 song
va each hanh xu tron^cong vipc giiia loai nguoi ca hpi
va nguoi chan chirift^ji; y j ^ ^ j jj^-u p^|^!u
0,5
Trang 102 Bkn Iu|n ve y kien (2,0 diem)
- Ke CO hoi thi non nong tqo ra thanh tich (1,0 diem)
+ Do thoi v u Ipi, bat chap d u n g sai nen trong cong
vi^c, ke CO hpi khong cau "ket qua t o t " ma chi cau
"duQc danh gia tojt" Ke cang v y Ipi thi cang non nong
CO dugc thanh tich Boi the^ loai nguai nay thuong chi
tao ra thanh rich gia
+ Ve thuc chat, each hanh x u ay la loi song gia doi, la
thoi an gian lam do'i khien cho that gia bat phan, lam
bang hoai cac gia trj trong xa hpi; do chinh la su suy
doi ve dao due; loi song co hpi nay da khien b^nh thanh
tich Ian tran n h u hi^n nay
0,5
0,5
- Nguai Chan chinh thi kien nhan lap nen thanh tuu (1,0 diem)
+ Coi trong chat l u p n g that, ket qua that la due rinh
ciia n g u a i chan chinh Bai the hp thuong kien nhan
trong m p i cong v i f c de lam nen n h i i n g ket qua thuc su,
n h u n g thanh qua co y nghia Ian D o i vai hp, chi co
n h i m g thanh qua thuc m o i tao nen gia t r i thuc cua con
nguai, d i i co k h i phai tra gia dat
+ Ve thuc chat, each hanh x u ay thupe ve loi song chan
thuc, t r u n g thuc, bieu h i f n cua n h u n g pham chat cao
quy; g i i i p tao nen n h u n g thanh qua thuc, n h u n g gia tri
dich thuc cho m i n h va cpng dong, gop phan thuc day xa
hpi rien len
0,5
0,5
3 Bai hpc nhan thiic va hanh dpng (0,5 diem)
- Can nhan thuc ro day la hai kieu n g u o i doi lap nhau
ve nhan each: mot loai nguai rieu cue thap hen can phe
phan, m p t mau n g u a i rich cue cao ea can tran trpng
- Can noi theo l o i song cua n h u n g n g u a i chan chinh,
luon coi trpng n h u n g ket qua that va kien n h i n phah
dau de lap nen n h u n g thanh ri^u; dong thai len an loi
song CO hpi, non nong chay theo thanh tich gia
0,5
3.a Cam nhan ve ve d?p su thi ciia hinh tugng nhan vat Tnii
trong tac pham Rimgxd nu ciia Nguyen Trung Thanh 5,0
3.a
1 Vai net ve tac gia, tac pham (0,5 diem)
3.a
- N g u y e n Trung Thanh la mpt nha van rieu bieu ciia van
hpc Viet N a m h i f n dai, truong thanh tit hai cupc khang
chien, gan bo mat thiet v o l manh dat Tay Nguyen
- Rieng xa nu dupe viet nam 1965, la m p t thien truyen ket tinh n h i i n g ve d?p co ban ciia k h u y n h h u a n g su t h i va cam h u n g lang man trong van xuoi khang chien
0,5
2 V e d?p s u thi cua nhan vat van hpc (0,5 diem)
- N h a n vat su thi la mau nhan vat anh hiing mang l i tuang cua thoi dai, so phan gan v a i nhung su ki^n Ian cua cpng dong, ket tinh n h i m g pham chat tieu bieu nhat ciia cpng dong va lap nen nhung chien cong hien haeh
- N h a n vat sir t h i thuong dupe khae hpa trong n h i i n g boi canh khong gian k i vT, each tran thuat trang trpng, gipng di?u thiet tha hung trang
0,5
3 V e d?p sit thi ctia hinh tugng nhan v?it T n i i (4,0 diem)
a Noi dung hinh tuang (3,0 diem)
- Nhan vat co so phan gan bo vai nhimg hien colon cua lang XoMan (1,5 diem)
+ K h i con nho, Tnii la diia tre mo coi dupe b u o n lang cuu mang d u m bpc va tro thanh n g u a i con u u h i ciia lang X6 M a n
+ K h i ke t h u giay xeo que huang, Tnii phai chiu nhieu dau t h u o n g mat mat, tieu bieu cho noi dau thuong mat mat Ian ciia dan toe
+ Khi dupe giae ngp each mang va viing len quat khai, qua trinh horong thanh ciia Tnii cung rat dien hinh cho eon duang den vai each mang ciia nguai dan Tay Nguyen
- Nhan vat mang tam voc cua nguai anh hiing (1,5 diem)
+ Tmi CO niem tin trong sang va sk da vao chan l i ciia
each mang
+ T n i i CO m p t tinh yeu Ion lao, sau sac v a i gia dinh,
que h u a n g x i i so va mpt long cam t h u giae manh liet
+ Tnii CO m p t khi phach phi thuong, mpt tinh than chien
dau qua cam v6 song
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5 0,5 0,5
h NQM thuat khac hoa hinh tuang (1,0 diem)
- K h o n g k h i truyen dupe d u n g n h u cac cupc ke khan
truyen thong ciia cac gia lang thuo truae; 161 viet truy?n ngan hi?n dai pha trpn nhieu yeu to sir thi dan gian khien m p t nhan vat cua thai dai chong M i , lai phang
0,5
19
Trang 11phS't h i n h b o n g n h u n g anh h i i n g six t h i c6 d a i
- B u t p h a p ngh# thuat c6 s y ke't h g p giua ta t h y c v a
b i e u t u g n g : n h a n vat T n i i gan l i e n v o i m o t b i e u tu(?ng
ve sue song bat di?t ciia n g u o i Tay N g u y e n d o la cay xa
n u ; h i n h anh d o i ban tay T n i i dugc m i e u ta n h u m p t
b i e u tuQ^ng dpc dao cho cupc d o i va so p h a n cvia n h a n
vat; g i p n g d i f u trang trong, hao h u n g ; n g o n n g i i d a y
chat tao h i n h v a chat tha
- H a n M ^ c T u d u g c xem la h i ? n t u p n g la nhat ciia
p h o n g trao T h o m o i v o l sue sang tao m a n h liet va da
dang; Day thon VT Da i n t r o n g tap Dau thuomg, la t h i
p h a m xuat sac ciia t h a V i ^ t N a m h i $ n dai
- N g u y e n B i n h la nha tho "chan que" ciia p h o n g trao
T h o m o i v o i p h o n g v i dan g i a n d a m da; Tuang tu i n
t r o n g tap La budc sang ngang, la m p t bai t h a t i e u bieu
cho p h o n g each t h a dpc dao ciia ong
0,5
3.b
2 V e doan tho trong bai Day thon Vi Da (2,0 diem)
3.b
a Venoi dung (1,0 diem)
- C a n h v u o n t h o n VT b u o i ban m a i toat len ve d?p t i n h
k h o i , t h a n h tan v o i h i n h anh ndng hang cau nang moi len,
v a i sac xanh m u a t nhu ngoc a i a cay la, v a i ducmg net
d u y e n d a n g t h a n h nha ciia la true eke ngang C o n
n g u a i m a n g ve d?p chan thyc, p h i i c hgu v o i k h u o n
m a t ch\x d i e n thap thoang sau h a n g la triie; canh v a
n g u o i hoa h p p l a m nen m p t bue t r a n h b i n h dj m a cao
sang, t h o m p n g
- N h a n vat t r u t i n h h i f n len qua n o i h o a i n i e m chon cu
canh xua; t i n h y e u d a n h cho t h o n VT c6 sv chan hoa
g i u a t i n h l u a d o i v a t i n h y e u s y song, v u a thiet tha v u a
p h a n g p h a t u hoai
b Venghe thuat (1,0 diem)
- Cau h o i t u t u da sac thai: v u a h o i han, m a i m p c v u a
nhae nho , h o n trach; g i p n g t h o g i a u sac d i ^ u : v u a x o n
xang v u a ban khoan
0,5
3 V e doan tho trong b^i Tucmg tu (2,0 diem)
a Vengi dung (1,0 diem)
- T a m t r a n g t u o n g t u a i a cai t o i t r u t i n h m a n g n h u n g sac t h a i cu the: v i r a n h o m o n g v u a khao khat, v u a u a m
h o i v u a " v o vao" K h o n g gian t h o la lang canh q u e n
t hup c ciia x u Bac v o i n h u n g hang eau, gian giau, thon
Doai, thon Dong Ca t i n h Ian canh d e u the h i ^ n n i e m
khao k h a t h o n n h a n n o n g nan ma y v i
- Sac d i ^ u t i n h cam ciia cai t o i T h o m o i t h a m d u p m n o i
l o n g eiia m p t chang trai que k h i e n m o i t u a n g t u m a n g
d a m ve d^p chan que
0,5
0,5
b Venghe thuat (1,0 diem)
- The t h o luc bat ki eu ca dao; g i p n g d i ? u "que", 161 n o i
"que" d a m da; l a i t h o dang d o i t r u n g diep u y e n chuyen
- T a m t r a n g bpc bach theo l o i m u p n canh to t i n h ; h i n h
anh t h o c6 n h i e u cap d o i hmi t i n h an chua n i e m k hao
k h a t n h a n d u y e n : Nhd em - nha anh, gian giau - hang cau,
thon Doai - thon Dong, k h i e n cho d u y e n que q u y ^ n chat
v o i canh que
0,5
0,5
4 V e sv tuong dong va khac b i ?t (0,5 diem)
- Tuang dong: T a m tr ang t h o deu la n h u n g n o i n i e m a i a
t i n h y e u d o n p h u o n g , chat chua n h i e u khao khat v a
p h a p p h o n g , kha tieu b i e u cho cai t o i T h o m o i B u t
p h a p l a n g m a n t r u t i n h c6 s u hoa d i e u g i u a ta t h u c
v o i t u p n g t r u n g , each d i f u ; k h o n g gian t h o deu la
k h u n g canh q u e n thupc a i a lang que dat V i ^ t
- Khdc biet: 6 Day thon Vi Da, tinh lua doi an sau tinh x i i so; h i n h anh nghieng ve ta thuc kieu lang m a n ; n g o n ngix
t r y c ta d a m cam xiic ca the 6 Tuang tu, tinh cam lua doi
tu a vao t i n h cam t h o n lang; h i n h ai\ t h o nghieng ve t i n h each d i e u d a n gian; n g o n n g i j chan que than thupc
0,5
Luu y chung: Thi sinh c6 the lam bai theo nhimg each khdc nhau, nhung phai dam bdo nhimg yeu cau vekien thuc Tren day chi la nhimg y ca ban thi sinh can dap img; vice eho diem cu the timg can can dua vdo ban hu&ng dan cham kern theo
21
Trang 12Chuyen de 1
CAC DANG Dt THI CAU 5 DI^M
I D A N G Dfi T H I C H I ? N G M I N H M O T N H A N D I N H M O T t K I E N
De thi nay khong phai la moi nhung da lau roi Bo khong ra Nam 2013, Bp
Giao Due lai ra lai dang de nay Vai the he hoc sinh sau nam 2008 thi dang de
nay qua la rat kho vi no doi hoi kien thuc tong hop va trinh do nhan thuc cao
Ne'u hoc sinh chi muc Trung binh thi rat kho an diem Tuy nhien, tu day cac
em khong con phai lo lang niia vi cau true sau se giiip cac em tu biet phai lam
1 Cau true de thi dugc cu the hoa theo khung sau
I M o b a i Neu van de (dan y kieh, nhan dinh vao)
3 Phan tich, cam nhan (4,0 diem) 3a Phan tich, cam nhan ve van de dugc dat ra: 2,5
3b Binh luan ve cac y kien (dong y hay bac bo) 1,5 III Ketbai Danh gia chung
2 Huang dan giai mpt so de thi
l.Trong bai Cam nghi ve truyfn " V g chong A Phu", To Hoai viet:
"Nhung dim ky dim Id dm trong cting cue dm the, moi theluc cua toi dc
cUng khong giei duac sue song eon ngucri Lay lat doi kho, nhue nhd, Mi van
song, dm thdm Hem tdng, mdnh Hit." (Tac pham van hpc 1930 - 1975, Tap
hai, NXB Khoa hpc Xa hoi, 1990 tr.71)
Phan tich nhan v|t M y trong truyfn ngan Vp chong A Phu (doan trich
dupe hpc) cua To Hoai de lam sang to nhgn xet tren
H l / O N G D A N
I M O BAI
"Vg chong A Phu" la mot truyen ngan rat thanh cong cua To Hoai viet ve
eon nguoi vung niii cao Tay Bac Trong tac pham nay, nha van da xay dung
thanh cong hinh tuong nhan vat My - nguoi no 1§ da dung len go bo gong
cum, xieng xich de den voi anh sang cua tu do Viet ve nhan vat cua minh To
fioai tarn su: "Nhung dieu ky dieu la dau trong ciing cue den the moi the luc cua toi
dc ciing khong giei duac sue song con nguai Lay lat doi kho, nhuc nha, Mi van song, tham, tiem tang, manh Hit." Tim hieu vao tac pham ta se thay ro dieu do
II THAN BAI
1 Khai quat: To Hoai la mpt trong so' rat it nha van Viet Nam viet thanh
cong ve dong bao dan toe a mien mii Voi truy?n ngan "Vp chong A Phu" (riit trong tap truyen Tay Bac, 1953, giai nhat cua Hpi Van nghe Vi?t Nam 1954-
1955) Ian dau tien To Hoai da lam cho nguai doc xiic dong truoc eupe song no
le day tui nhuc cua dong bao dan toe Tay Bac dudi ach thong tri ciia thuc dan phong kien va cho thay sue song tiem tang manh liet ciing nhu eon duang ma
hp da den voi each mang "
2 Giai thich nhan xet: Dung nhu tac gia To Hoai da noi "Nhung dieu ky
dieu la dau trong ciing cue den the moi theluc cua toi dc cUng khong giei duac sue song eon nguai Lay lat doi kho, nhuc nha, Mj van song, dm tham, tiem tang, manh liet" Dieu "ky dieu" la dieu ma nhirng su to't d^p den vai minh nhu mpt
phep mau "Sue song tiem tang" la sue song npi tai, an chua ben trong No se bung chay khi gap dieu kien, hoan canh thuan Ipi Day von la mpt pham chat cao quy cua con nguoi Vi^t Nam Nhu vay, npi dung ma To Hoai muon noi den do la ngpi ca sue song eua con nguoi Tay Bac thong qua nhan vat trung tam la nhan vat My
3 Phan tich nhan vat M i : ' '
a Hinh tupng nhan vat M i "Lay lit doi kho, nhuc nha": ngay tu dau
truyen M i xuat hien trong khong gian nha giau "nha nhieu nuang, nhieu bac,
nhieu thuo'c phien nhat lang" nhung M i lai la con nguai chiu nhieu dau thuang tiii nhuc "mpt c6 gai ngoi quay spi ben tang da truoc cua, canh tau
ngua Luc nao eung vay, dii quay spi, thai c6 ngua, det vai, che cui hay di cong
nuoc dual khe suoi len, c6 ay cung ciii mat, mat buon ruoi rupi" Co gai ay
chinh la Mj, con dau nha Thong Ly Pa Tra Nhung chu "eon dau" von rat
thieng lieng ay lai gan lien vai hai chu "gat np" Nen cai thieng lieng tra thanh cai re rung mat roi
Mi da tung la eo gai tre dep, so'ng soi noi, thoi sao hay, thoi la gioi dupe biet bao nhieu trai lang me, theo duoi "trai den dung nhan ca chan vach dau buong Mi" M i da tung khao khat yeu thuang va ciing eo nguoi yeu hen ho cho dpi
Ngay ay M i eon la mpt c6 gai eo nhan each vai long tu trong dang qui, san sang lao dong gian kho de dupe song tu do chu nhat quye't khong chiu ban cho nha giau: "eon nay da biet cuoe nuang lam ngo, eon phai lam nuong ngo gia
np thay cho bo Bo dung ban con cho nha giau" Cau noi ay da bpc 16 mpt tain long hieu thao, mpt long tu trpng cao dp The nhung M i b6ng dung bi bat, cat
T 3
Trang 13dijrt khoi moi truong song quen thupc dua vao x6 nha tam toi day doa ciia nha
Thong Ly Pa Tra
Thoi gian dau M i c6 phan khang "c6 den hang may thang dem nao M i cung
khoc" M i da tung nghl den cai che't, an nam la ngon t y t u de thoat khoi cupc
song tui nhyc dau don ay Nhung v i thuong cha gia M i da nem nam la ngon
xuong da't n h u nem di tuoi tre, hanh phiic cua minh de quay lai nha thong ly
song kiep trau ngua de ven tron chu hieu Va cung t u do M i da cung liic bi
nhieu lop day thong Ipng riet chat vao c6 Mon no la sgi day t h u nhat bien M i
thanh sue no trong nha Thong Ly M i c6 cuoc song thong kho con hon ca trau
ngua, b} boc Ipt sue lao dpng tan nhan voi ngay thang d i qua chi biet "tet xong
thi len niii hai thuoc phien, giua nam thi giat day, xe day, cuoi miia thi di
nuong be b i p suot nam suot doi nhu the" Than quyen la spi dSy troi t h u hai
da lam M j bi te li^t ve mat tinh than, mat het y thiic phan khang Trong can
buong nhu dia ngyc, anh sang cua 6 cua bang ban tay cang lam cho M i mat het
y niem ve thoi gian, khong gian De roi "6 lau trong cai kho M i quen kho roi",
M j tuong minh n h u con trau con ngua Long M i chai san, v6 cam, chi ciii mat
Cupc song dau tat mat toi da chon vui mpi cam xuc, suy nghi, y thuc noi con
nguoi M i , bien M i thanh mot cai bong vat v6, lang le "moi ngay M i cang
khong noi, liii liai n h u con rua nuoi trong x6 cua"
Dai M j chim trong tam toi, cam lang R6 rang, cuong quyen va than quyen
de len vai nguoi con gai bi ciing ma nha nguoi cho bpn nha giau c6 quyen
trong che dp phong kien da lam cho M i song am tham, dau kho Dung la "Lay
lit doi kho, nhvic nha"
b Nhrnig dieu ky di^u la dau trong cung c\rc dan dau Mi van an chiia
mpt sue song tiem tang manh li^t: Giua canh miia xuan niii rung Tay Bac, M i
nhd va song lai nhung mua xuan qua khu Tieng sao da danh thiic trong M i c6
gai aia ngay nao No da den ben M i , nhe nhang ru bo nhung tro tan bam lay
M j va dua M i deh trang thai hoi sinh Tieng sao ay khieh cho M i "thiet tha b6\
hoi" va bat len trong M i may cau ca quen thupc ngay nao:
May CO con trai con gai roi
May di lam nuong
Ta chua c6 con trai con gai
Ta di tim nguoi yeu Tieng sao ay lam M i bao dan hon de di den "noi loan": " M i len lay hu rupu
cu uohg vc tung bat" Cach uong ay c6 phan giong voi "nguoi say" trong tho
Dung nhu To Hoai da tam su: "dieu ky di^u la dau trong cung cue den the mpi the luc ciia tpi ac cung khong giet dupe sue song con nguoi" Boi trong liic
bi troi ma M i "van khong biet minh dang bi troi" boi A Su chi troi bupc dupe the xac ciia M i nhung khong the nao troi bupc dupe tam hon ciia con nguoi
yeu tv do Den ca cai chi tiet M i giat minh tinh giac va nho lai cau chuyen
nguoi dan ba bi troi che't trong nha ngay truoc M i thay sp - sp che't ma "sp che't" la bieu hi^n cao dp nhat ciia long ham song Do chinh la sue song tiem tang manh li§t
Miia xuan ay troi qua M i d i i khong thoat ra khoi nha Thong Ly nhung no giong n h u tia liia nho bao hieu dam chay ngay mai Khat vpng a'y trong M i la nhimg dpt song ngam nhung no se troi day ngay mai de tro thanh song than
de cuon di bao tiii nhuc ciia hom nay
Khi mau thuan giiia thuc tai phu phang va khat vpng song t u do len dinh diem, thi tac gia da coi niit bang each dua nhan vat A Phii vao truy^n A Phii la chang trai mo coi, v6 tpi, chi v i dung cam lieu sp'ng che't de bao ve le phai ma
da thanh ke toi doi trong nha Thong L i Pa Tra, roi cung bj troi dung vao cpt
thay mang cho con bo nha Thong L i Pa Tra, cho che't
Nhung dem dau dau thay A Phii bi troi M i van than nhien, duong nhu M j
da tro thanh ke cam chiu voi noi sp co huu da an sau vao tam hon M i Hon
nua, canh troi nguoi d cpt trong buong toi den che't trong nha Thong Li Pa Tra
da la chuy?n binh thuong roi, c6 gi la dau The tai dau M i da lay dao cat troi cho A Phii?
Truoc tien la M j thay thuong nguoi ciing canh ngp Dong nuoc mat lap lanh bo xuong hai hom ma da xam den lai ciia A Phii da hoi thiic M j phai hanh
idpng Dong nude mat ciia nguoi no le ay da khoi day long thuong nguoi bi v u i
lap trong M j T u v6 cam den dong cam M i thay thuong minh v i M i cung da
Trang 141 nuFi uann nteu
tung bi chiing no bat ve trinh ma nha nay, da tung bi troi trong mpt dem tinh
miia xuan day khat vpng Vay nen M i hieu chang trai v6 tpi kia, sao phai chet
nhu the? Tu do M i thay "chung no that dpc ac", nghia la M i rihan ra ban chat
dpc ac tan bao cua cha con Thong Li Pa Tra
Nhu vay, tu tam long ciia nguoi phu nvt c6 long thuong nguoi, cam thong
voi nguoi cung canh ngp den su uat han cam ghet ke thu dpc ac da thuc day
nguoi cam dao cit troi cho A Phu Hanh dpng c6 fa'nh bpc phat ay thyc ra ciing
rat logic voi qua trinh dien bien tam ly aia Mi, mpt c6 gai yeu doi khao khat
song tu do da bj don nen trong tu tiing dau kho cua chuoi ngay dai uat han
Tuc nuoc vo bo
Hanh dpng c^t day troi cho A Phu ciing giong nhu hanh dpng ciia chi Dgu
trong tac pham Tat den ciia Ngo Tat To, da danh lai bpn nguoi nha ly truong
nga chong queo Hanh dpng ay the hien cai khat vpng song, ngpn lua yeu
thuong su song manh li^t da chay bung len trong con nguoi cua M i Sau phut
hoang loan ciia hanh dpng lieu ITnh, don dpc, manh dpng M i da dua ra quyet
djnh chop nhoang: chay theo A Phii B6i vi "a day thi chet mat" Sue song
tiem tang manh li^t, long khao khat cupc song tu do da chi duong cho hanh
dpng ciia Mj
3 Binh luan nhan xet: R6 rang hinh anh ciia M i chua dung mpt sue song
"tiem tang, manh liet" diing nhu loi nhan xet ciia tac gia Tu v6 cam, chai san,
tuong chung nhu da chet Mj da vung diing len phan khang chong lai kiep toi
doi de den voi anh sang ciia tu do Qua nhan vat Mj va A Phii, nha van da gop
mpt tiehg noi nhan van cao dep benh vuc quyen song cho con nguoi lao dpng
mien niii duoi ach do hp ciia chii no phong kie'n va lii Tay don Do la cupc dau
tranh tu tu phat den t u giac de sau nay hp den voi each mang va giai phong
cupc doi minh
III K E T BAI
Tom lai, voi biit phap giau mau sac dan toe, loi van day chat tho, giau chat
tao hinh, dae biet la ngoi biit phan tieh tam ly nhan vat sac sao, tac gia da the
hi^n thanh eong cupc song no le "Lay lat doi kho, nhue nha ciia M j " noi rieng
va dong bao Tay Bae noi chung duoi thoi phong kien thuc dan 6 mien niii Co
nhOng liic tuong chung ngpn lira khat khao su song bi ke thii dap tit, nhung
ngpn lira ay, khat vpng song ay khong bao gio tSt, khong gi c6 the dap tat
dupe! Xay dung hinh tuong nhan vat Mj, mpt c6 gai dan tpc Meo xinh dep voi
sue song tiem tang, manh li^t, nha van To Hoai da khing djnh voi ban dpc
dieu ay
0S 2: Nhan dinh ve Nam Cao, sach Van hpc 11 viet: "Ong c6 sa truong dien ta, phan tick tam ly con nguoi" (Van hpc 11, tap mpt, NXB Giao d\ic,
tai ban 2004, trang 201) Qua nhan vat Hp trong truy#n ngSn Doi thvra,
fiTih/chi hay chrnig minh nhan dinh tren (Khoi C - 2005)
Bai Lam Nha van Nam Cao (1915 - 1951) la cay biit hipn thuc xuat sac ciia nen van hpc Vi?t Nam truoc each mang va ciing la nha van c6 nhieu dong gop cho nen van hpc non tre nhirng ngay dau Truoc each mang, ben canh viee viet ve bi kich cua nguoi nong dan voi tac pham bat hii "Chi Pheo" nguoi dpc eon nho mai bi kich cua nguoi tri thiic tieu t u san truoc each mang trong tac pham "Doi thira" ma dupe the hifn ro qua nhan vat Hp Nha van Nam Cao voi tai nang
xuat chiing va mpt tam long yeu thuong nhan ai bao la da the hi^n ro dupe
tam ly ciia nguoi tri thiie tieu tu san trong canh ngp bi kich ay Chinh vi vay nhan dinh ve Nam Cao, sach Van hpc 11 viet: "Ong c6 so truong ve dien ta, phan tieh tam ly eon nguoi"
Truy^n ngan "Doi thira" ra mat ban dpc Ian dau tien trong trang "Tieu thuyet thii 7" so' ra ngay 4-3-1943 Tac pham ciing de tai nay c6 "Muc mai nuoc mat" cua Lan Khai, "No van" ciia Lang Tir, "Doi thira" con gan giii ve de tai voi mpt so' tac pham eiia Nam Cao nhu "Trang sang", "Nuoc mat" va tieu thuyet
"Song mon" Qua tac pham Nam Cao da mieu ta thanh eong tam trang eiia mpt nguoi tri thire tieu t u san truoc each mang
Nhan djnh ve Nam Cao, sach Van hpc 11 viet: "Ong c6 so truong ve dien ta, phan tieh tam ly con nguoi" So truong c6 nghIa la the manh, kha nang uu vi^t ciia nha van chuyen chii vao mpt linh vyc nao do 6 day, y kie'n nay de cap den kha nang "dien ta, phan tieh tam ly eon nguoi" cua nha van Nam Cao trong nhiing sang tac ciia ong Ma dae bi$t la dien ta tam ly nhan vat Hp trong
"Doi thira" - mpt truyen ngan rat thanh eong ciia Nam Cao truoc each mang
Hp von la mpt nha van, mpt nha van mang trong minh hoai bao Ion ay la viet dupe mpt tac pham "vupt qua mpi gioi han va bo c6i" ai do vpi cho do la sir hao danh Nhung khong phai vay Do la uoc mo ciia mpt con nguoi c6 ly
^ong, CO hoai bao Ion, muo'n khang dinh dupe tai nang cua minh Hp con la
mpt nha van chan chinh
Dieu nay dupe the hien qua mpt loat quan nifm ciia anh ve van chuong van chuong khong can den nhirng nguoi thp kheo tay lam theo mpt vai kieu
Tiau dua cho, van chuong chi dung nap nhirng nguoi biet dao sau tim toi khoi nhirng nguon chua ai khoi va sang tao nhiing gi chua eo' voi y nghi ay Hp da
Vo ciing cam ghet sir eau tha trong van chuong "cau tha trong van chuong thi that la de ti?n" N h u vay qua nhirng quan ni^m ciia Hp ve van chuong ta thay
• ^ -—^ 27
Trang 15day la rngt nha v a n c6 h o a i bao, m p t nha v a n chan c h i n h , c6 l i r o n g t r i cua m o t
n g u o i cam b i i t chan c h i n h y t h u c dup-c trach n h i ^ m cvia n g u o i n g h f si
T h e n h u n g t r u a c k h i la m p t nha v a n H p con l a m o t n g u o i chong, m p t n g u o i
cha, h 5 n con c6 m p t ganh n a n g gia d i n h tren v a i Cupc song v o l m p t gia d i n h
d o n g con, m p t n g u o i v o that n g h i ^ p da c u o p d i 6 h a n s u t h a n h t h a n s u thanh
t h a n can t h i e t de m p t t a m h o n v a n c h u o n g t h a n g hoa, k h i m a c u het t h a n g lai
"tien nha, tien gao, t i e n n u d e m a m "
H o a i bao v a n c h u o n g c6 the n u n g n a u t r o n g choc lat n h u n g c h u y ^ n c o m ao
la c h u y ^ n p h a i d o i m a t h a n g ngay Cha the m a X u a n D i ^ u da t u n g t h o t len:
"Nor dm cay dang gia nanh vud't
Cam ao khong diia vai khdch tha" •
The la H p d i e n len, p h a i xoay tien N a m Cao da that t i m i k h i m i e u ta tam
t r a n g cua H p t r o n g canh t u n g q u a n ay "dang n g o i han d u n g phat day m a t ham
h a m d i ra pho', v u a d i v i r a nuo't ngh^n" C h i m p t doan v a n n g a n m a o n g da tai
h i f n l a i t a m t r a n g cua H p : that buc bach N a n h v u o t ciia hOa c o m ao d a n g c6
n g u y CO nuot chung nha van H p day tam huyet ngay nao
Va the la de c6 tien t h i H p p h a i vie't N a m Cao la m o t nha v a n h i e n t h u c nen
o n g biet rang H p m u o n c6 tien t h i p h a i vie't, v i e t n h i i n g tac p h a m dap u n g
d u p e n h u cau ciia m p t d a m t h i dan liic bay g i o " n h i l n g tac p h a m l a m n g u o i ta
quen n g a y sau l i i c dpc" H p p h a i vie't n h i i n g tac p h a m ay, n h u n g gia d u c6 ai
bao h a n vie't n h i i n g tac p h a m cao q u y han c u n g chang biet d u o n g nao m a viet
b o i t a m t r a n g b u c bach a tren T h e ' r o i H p b i v a n g vao q u y dao cua hi k i c h
H a n t h a y xa'u h o k h i dpc n h i j n g tac p h a m ay "han d o m a t len" D o la su
xa'u h o cua m p t c h i i t l u o n g t r i i t n h i e u chua v o nat t r o n g H p H p d a u d o n , t i i i
eye k h o n g p h a i v i k h o n g d u p e vie't, m a la anh da t u g i a m l e n n h u n g n g u y e n
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fChi say hSn da c6 n h i m g h a n h d p n g v i i p h u qua d a n g "han c h i tay vao m a t TCr" d u o i m a y m ? c o n T u ra ngoai N a m Cao da c6 m p t l o i b i ? n hp ye'u a t ay la cho han h a n h d p n g t r o n g luc say N h u n g tat ca d e u d o nhao t r u o c n g u y e n tac: nguyen tac t i n h t h u o n g H p that d a n g trach k h i coi v p con la n g u y e n n h a n l a m rninh k h o The la m p i n g u y e n tac t i n h t h u o n g m a h a n dat ra t r u o c day "ke
i n ^ n h la ke g i i i p d o n g u o i khac t r e n d o i v a i m i n h " da b i hSn d a p do
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